北京市东城区医务人员传染病报告知识知晓情况调查

目的 了解医疗机构医务人员接受传染病疫情报告方法培训情况和相关知识知晓率,并分析其影响因素.方法 对负责疫情直报的医疗机构医务人员开展面对面问卷调查,采用Epi-data3.0建立数据库,使用SPSS12.0对数据进行统计分析,确定传染病报告知识知晓情况的主要影响因素.结果 本研究的1403份有效问卷中,知晓率合格的问卷比例为61.80％(867/1403).影响被调查对象知晓率的因素为医疗机构级别、工作人员专业、文化程度和参加培训次数等.被调查对象中,三级医疗机构医务人员传染病报告知识知晓合格率好于二级,二级医疗机构好于一级(OR=1.940,95％ CI:1.539 ～2.445,P＜0.05);公共卫生专业的医务人员知晓合格率高于临床、护理及其它专业人员(OR=3.293,95％ CI:1.708 ～6.347,P＜0.05);文化程度为大专及以上的医务人员知晓率高于高中及中专、初中文化程度的医务人员(OR=1.691,95％CI:1.112～2.572,P＜0.05);本年度参加传染病报告知识培训次数＞2次的医务人员知晓率高于参加2次培训的医务人员,参加2次培训的医务人员高于仅参加1次培训的医务人员(OR=2.067,95％CI:1.776 ～2.045,P＜0.05).结论 需要加强对医务人员传染病报告知识的培训,同时改进报卡方式,提高效率,并加强对传染病报告知识培训的督导检查.     

Adverse drug and device reactions in the oral cavity: Surveillance and reporting

BackgroundAccording to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 48 percent of Americans (roughly 144 million people) used at least one prescribed medication in the preceding month; 11 percent used five or more. The authors describe the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) MedWatch program, the safety surveillance system for drugs and devices in the United States, and the dentist's role with regard to voluntary reporting of adverse effects (AEs). They also identify the most frequent AEs in the oral cavity as reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsThe authors reviewed the literature regarding MedWatch, and they mined data in the FAERS public database for the 100 most commonly prescribed medications and their associated AEs.ResultsPharyngitis was the most common AE. Cough, dysgeusia and dysphagia also were common.ConclusionThe MedWatch program and its related databases contain useful information about AEs of pharmaceuticals and devices manifested in the oral cavity. Increased participation in the reporting of suspected adverse reactions will improve the national surveillance system and ultimately will protect patients' safety.Practical ImplicationsAs pharmaceutical consumption increases exponentially for a growing segment of the population, and as innovation in dental technology and devices flourishes, dentists have a distinct role in safeguarding patients' well-being. Promptly reporting AEs in the oral cavity improves quality of care and protects patients' well-being.     

Clinical manifestations and dental management of dentinogenesis imperfecta associated with osteogenesis imperfecta: Case report

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissues and results in dentine dysplasia. This case report discusses the systemic and dental manifestations of OI and DI in a 4-year-old child, with moderate presentation of both disorders, who was treated at King Fahd Military Medical Complex in Dhahran. Dental treatment included the use of strip and stainless-steel crowns under local anesthesia, as well as behavior modification techniques. Rigorous home care instructions, including reinforcement of the oral hygiene practice and avoidance of any episode that may lead to bone fracture, were discussed with the parents. The case was reevaluated at 3-month follow-up visits, wherein the medical and dental histories were updated, the child’s growth was monitored, periodic clinical and radiographic examinations were performed, and the oral hygiene was evaluated via the debris index score and caries risk assessment. Further treatment of the permanent dentition may be needed in the future.     

Aspects of training in clinical medical sciences in dentistry (human disease): recent graduates' perspectives from a UK dental school

Teaching the management of medical emergencies is an important part of most courses in Clinical Medical Sciences in Dentistry (Human Disease). The aim of this study was to examine which medical emergencies graduates from the School of Dental Sciences at Newcastle University had experienced 1 year after qualification and their perceptions of their ability to assess a patient's fitness for treatment or to manage a medical emergency. The study instrument was a computer readable questionnaire. Very few emergencies had been experienced in general practice at this stage of their career, but all respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that their training had adequately equipped them to assess a patient's medical history and deal with medical emergencies. There were, however, aspects of the course that upon reflection that clearly needed to be addressed, including the use of different teachers for aspects of the medical emergency teaching.     

The group medical appointment (GMA) in haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease: a new development in outpatient paediatric care

Summary. The Group Medical Appointment (GMA) is a novel consultation form in which patients undergo individual consultations in each other’s presence. To compare participants’ experiences with GMA and Individual Medical Appointments (IMA), the usual standard of care, our team recently implemented the GMA for children aged 0–18 years with haemophilia or von Willebrand’s disease. Participants’ experiences with GMA were measured using a standardized QUOTE‐questionnaire. Of 100 addressed families, 53 participated in GMA. Of these 53 families, 38 parents (72%) and 14 adolescents (82%) filled in the questionnaire about the GMA. Patients not on prophylaxis were defined as less experienced and patients on prophylaxis, as experienced. Although parents were satisfied with both GMA and IMA (median score 8.0 vs. 9.0 of 10), a significant difference was demonstrated between less experienced and experienced parents. After GMA, less experienced parents were significantly more satisfied (median score 8.0 vs. 5.0; P‐value 0.006), felt more social support (82% vs. 30%; P‐value 0.005) and reported additional learning effects with regard to disease and treatment (64% vs. 0%; P‐value <0.001) than experienced parents. None of the less experienced parents reported privacy problems during GMA compared with 40% of experienced parents. In adolescents an identical trend was reported. Sixty‐six per cent of parents would join a GMA in the future and 87% would recommend a GMA to others. The GMA is a valuable addition in haemophilia and von Willebrand care, especially for less experienced patients. It leads to improved satisfaction, social support and improved information.     

No room for ambiguity: The concepts of appropriate and inappropriate authorship in scientific publications

Authorship is the currency of an academic career. Scientific publications have significant academic and financial implications. Several standard authorship guidelines exist, and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) is the most popular amongst them. There are increasing concerns about the ethics of publications with the rise of inappropriate authorship. The most important reason appears to be a lack of knowledge and awareness of the authorship guidelines and what actions constitute unethical behaviors. There is a need to incorporate standard guidelines in medical curricula and conduct structured training and education programs for researchers across the board. The current perspective describes the significant concepts of appropriate and inappropriate authorship, and the possible measures being formulated to shape the future of authorship.     

Gaps in exposure to essential competencies in hand surgery fellowship training: a national survey of program directors

Background

Graduate medical education has moved towards competency-based training. The aim of this study was to assess hand surgery program directors’ opinions of exposure gaps in core competencies rated as essential for hand surgery training.

Methods

We surveyed the 74 ACGME hand surgery fellowship program directors. Respondents rated their opinion of 9 general areas of practice, 97 knowledge topics, and 172 procedures into one of three categories: essential, exposure needed, or unnecessary. Program directors also rated trainee exposure of each component at their respective program. Moderate and large exposure gaps were respectively defined as presence of at least 25 and 50 % of programs rating trainees as not having proficiency in the component at the end of training.

Results

Sixty-two of 74 program directors (84 %) responded to the survey. For the 76 knowledge topics and 98 procedures rated as essential, a majority of the knowledge topics (61 %; n = 46) and procedures (72 %; n = 71) had at least a moderate exposure gap. In addition, 22 % (n = 17) of the essential knowledge topics and 26 % (n = 25) of the essential procedures had a large exposure gap.

Conclusion

This study illuminates the discrepancies between what is believed to be important for practicing hand surgeons and graduates’ proficiency as perceived by program directors. The field of hand surgery must work to determine if program directors have unrealistic expectations for what is essential for practicing hand surgeons or if reforms are needed to improve exposure to essential skills in hand surgery training.     

医学生营养知识-态度-行为现状调查分析

目的调查某医学院校医学生营养知识-态度-行为（KAP）现状,为针对性对其进行营养教育和干预提供依据,增强医学生日后在医疗工作中的营养治疗意识。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,对某医学院校800名医学生的KAP现状进行调查分析。结果医学生中女性的营养知识（K）、态度（A）、行为（P）得分及KAP总分均高于男生,差异有统计学意义（,分别为2．272,2．035,2．435,3．096,均P〈0．05）;高年级医学生K、A得分及KAP总分优于低年级学生（f分别为6．017,2．018,4．441,均P〈0．05）,不同年级学生间P得分差异无统计学意义（t=0．153,P=0．2265）;城市生源地间学生K、A得分及KAP总分高于农村生源学生（f分别为2．138,11．561,2．800,均P〈0．05）,不同生源地问学生P得分差异无统计学意义（t=0．061,P=0．0585）;营养知识与吃零食、在外就餐和每天吃早餐的食用行为存在相关性（P〈0．05）,营养态度与每天吃早餐的行为存在相关性（火0．05）。结论医学生营养知识缺乏,营养行为较差,但营养态度较为积极,应加强对医学生尤其是男生、低年级、农村学生的营养教育。