Estrogen receptor alpha pathway is involved in the regulation of Calbindin-D9k in the uterus of immature rats.

It has been demonstrated in our previous studies that Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) is a potent biomarker for screening estrogen-like chemicals in the rat model. Although treatments with 17beta-estradiol (E2) and endocrine disrupting compounds resulted in the up-regulation of uterine CaBP-9k, the mechanism of CaBP-9k induction by these compounds through two subtypes of estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) is unclear. Thus, in the present study, immature rats were treated with propyl pyrazole triol (PPT, an ERalpha-selective ligand), diarylpropionitrile (DPN, an ERbeta-selective ligand), E2, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, a vehicle control) for three days in order to clarify which subtype of ER is involved in the uterine CaBP-9k induction. Following injection with these ER ligands, uterine CaBP-9k expression was analyzed by Northern blot and immunoblot assays. Uterine CaBP-9k expression is mainly mediated by PPT in a dose- and time-dependent manner in immature rats, whereas no significant alteration of the uterine CaBP-9k gene was observed after DPN treatment. In addition, an estrogenicity of PPT in inducing CaBP-9k expression was completely blocked by the anti-estrogen ICI 182,780, implying that uterine CaBP-9k is solely induced by ERalpha. A single treatment with PPT rapidly increased the protein levels of ERalpha and PR, an E2-mediated gene, in these tissues. Taken together, these results indicate that uterine CaBP-9k is induced by E2 and endocrine disrupting chemicals via the ERalpha pathway, but not ERbeta, in the uterus of immature rats.     

脊髓损伤后热休克蛋白27、表皮脂肪酸结合蛋白和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1的基因表达及甲基强的松龙对其表达的影响

目的研究脊髓损伤后热休克蛋白27(HSP27)、表皮脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABPs)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的基因表达及甲基强的松龙(MP)对其表达的影响.方法SD大鼠30只.随机分为假手术组、单纯脊髓损伤组(损伤组)及脊髓损伤+大剂量MP治疗组(MP组),每组10只.应用改良的Allen's打击法致T8脊髓损伤.MP组大鼠伤后即刻从尾静脉内注射大剂量MP(30mg/kg).损伤后24h切取损伤平面上下0.5cm的脊髓组织,进行RT-PCR反应,检测HSP27、FABPs和TIMP-1的基因表达.结果术后24h假手术组HSP27、FABPs和TIMP-1的基因表达相对丰度分别为0.0643±0.0152、0.6413±0.1005和0.7091±0.0577;损伤组上述三个因子的表达升高,分别为1.0013±0.3861、1.2187±0.2851和0.8971±0.1092,与假手术组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.01、P＜0.05、P＜0.05);MP组上述三个因子的表达继续升高,分别为1.2858±0.1384、1.7122±0.1766和1.2081±0.1093,与损伤组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05、P＜0.01和P＜0.01).结论脊髓损伤后,邻近损伤处的脊髓组织中HSP27、FABPs及TIMP-1的基因表达显著增高,大剂量MP能进一步促进三个因子表达,发挥组织保护作用.     

三级医院病人就诊流向探讨

研究通过对包括专科医院在内的多家三级医院住院病人资料的分析，将疾病种类按ICD－9编码分为19类，研究各类疾病应往低级别医院分流的比例。结果表明：各大类疾病的分流比例不同，分流比例较高的主要是常见病和多发病，总的分流比大约在60％左右。     

尿激酶溶栓对大鼠局灶性脑缺血基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响

目的研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血后应用尿激酶(urokinase,UK)溶栓对基质金属蛋白酶-9(Matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)表达的影响,探讨MMP-9在UK溶栓引起的再灌注损伤及出血性转化中的作用。方法将实验动物随机分成3组进行研究(1)UK溶栓组;(2)缺血对照组;(3)假手术组。分别用免疫组织化学方法分析3组缺血后24hMMP-9的表达,对比研究两组MMP-9表达的差异性。结果缺血后24h前两组均有MMP-9的表达,但是UK溶栓组表达的程度明显高于缺血对照组;假手术组无MMP-9的表达。结论(1)缺血能导致MMP- 9的表达。(2)UK溶栓引起MMP-9表达的上调。     

基质金属蛋白酶与肺癌转移的关系

基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases，MMPs)是一组锌离子依赖的蛋白水解酶，在ECM降解中起着重要作用。目前研究表明，MMPs活性异常不仅能促进肿瘤血管形成，还是人类多种肿瘤侵袭和转移的必要条件。本文就与肺癌侵袭和转移有关的MMPs研究作一综述。     

脱细胞异体真皮基质组织补片用于腹股沟疝

目的 研究异体细胞外基质材料在疝修补术中的应用效果.方法 采用脱细胞异体真皮基质组织补片对腹股沟疝行无张力修补,观察其临床应用效果.结果 11例患者术后恢复良好,无并发症出现,随访3年均无不良主诉和复发表现.结论 异体细胞外基质材料可作为无张力疝修补术的理想天然生物材料.     

Sural nerve biopsies in Guillain-Barre syndrome: axonal degeneration and macrophage-associated demyelination and absence of cytomegalovirus genome.

T-cell infiltration was detected by immunohistochemistry in only 2 of 10 sural nerve biopsies from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The number of endoneurial macrophages, identified by the monoclonal antibody MAC 387, was increased, compared with the number in 10 cases of axonal neuropathy. Macrophage-associated demyelination was identified in 7 and axonal degeneration in 8 cases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome was not detected with the polymerase chain reaction.     

Nutrition et fonction immunitaireNutrition and immune function

A deficiency of total energy or of one or more essential nutrients, including vitamins A, B₆, B₁₂, C, and E, folic acid, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, will impair immune function and increase susceptibility of the host to infectious pathogens. This is most likely because these nutrients are involved in the molecular and cellular responses to challenge of the immune system. Providing these nutrients to deficient individuals restores immune function and improves resistance to infection. Thus, appropriate nutrition is required in order for the host to maintain adequate immune defences towards bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and tumour celîs. Although the intakes of several nutrients which result in greatest enhancement of immune function appear to be greater than recommended intakes, excess intake of certain nutrients also impairs immune responses. Some nutrients (e.g. glutamine, arginine) may become limiting in critical illness and there is mounting evidence that provision of these will aid patient recovery.     

Treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with the neurotrophic peptide ORG 2766

The efficacy of the neurotrophic peptide ORG 2766 in diabetic patients with polyneuropathy was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. One hundred and twenty four patients were randomised in five groups to receive 0.1, 0.4, 2 or 5 mg ORG 2766 or placebo, once daily, administered subcutaneously 52 weeks. Thermal discrimination thresholds (TDT) and vibration perception thresholds (VPT), motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, Hoffmann reflex, heart rate variation during deep breathing and heart rate response after standing up, neurological examination score and neuropathic symptom score were determined at baseline and after 17, 34 and 52 weeks of treatment. Of the nerve function indices studied, at week 52 the TDT_warmth of the hand in the ORG 2766 0.1, 0.4 and 5 mg groups and the TDT_cold of the foot in the ORG 2766 0.1 and 0.4 mg groups significantly improved compared with placebo. Further significant improvement as compared with placebo was observed in the paraesthesia score at week 34 and week 52 in the ORG 2766 2 mg group. Only at week 34 had both the heartbeat variation during deep breathing and the VPT of the foot in the ORG 2766 0.1 mg group improved significantly, compared with placebo. No further statistically significant differences were observed at time for the other measures. No adverse reactions were observed. The only recorded drug-induced side effect was pain at the injection site. Taking all measures of efficacy into account, the statistically significant results observed did not show consistency within each measure. Therefore, it is concluded that ORG 2766, in contrast to earlier reports, is not effective in treating diabetic polyneuropathy.     

Effect of different phospholipid-cholesterol membrane compositions on liposome-mediated formation of calcium phosphates

Summary The present report compares the effects of different membrane phospholipid (PL)-cholesterol compositions on the kinetics of liposome-mediated formation of calcium phosphates from metastable solutions (2.25 mM CaCl₂; 1.5 mM KH₂PO₄) at 22°C, pH 7.4 and 240 mOsm. In most experiments, the liposomes were composed of 7:2:X mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC), neutral or acidic phospholipids, and cholesterol (Chol, X=0, 10, 35, or 50 mol%). The neutral phospholipids (NPL) examined, in addition to PC, were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sphingomyelin (Sph), and the acidic phospholipids (APL) examined were dicetylphosphate (DCP), dioleolylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), dioleolylphosphatidic acid (DOPA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). The 7:2:X liposomes did not initiate mineralization in metastable external solutions per se or, with the exception of DOPA, show extensive Ca-PL binding. However, solution Ca²⁺ losses due to precipitation occurred when the liposomes were encapsulated with 50 mM KH₂PO₄ and made permeable to external Ca²⁺ with X-537A. The extent of these Ca²⁺ losses was sensitive to both the phospholipid and Chol makeup of the membrane. Moderate-to-extensive intraliposomal precipitation occurred in all 7PC:2APL and 7PC:2NPL liposomes containing 0 or 10 mol% Chol. In contrast, at 50 mol% Chol, mineralization inside all liposomes was negligible. The only significant discriminating effect on internal mineralization among the different phospholipids was observed at 35 mol% Chol, where mineral accumulations ranged from negligible to moderate. At 0 or 10 mol% Chol, extraliposomal precipitation was extensive in all but DOPA- and PS-containing liposomes. However, onece intraliposomal yields declined at the higher Chol levels, external mineralization was either delayed or totally blocked in all liposome preparations. Other experiments showed that Sph substituted for PC in 7NPL:2DCP:1Chol liposomes totally blocked both intra- and extraliposomal precipitaiton. PE substituted in this manner, however, blocked only extraliposomal precipitation. The results of this study suggest that interference of the membrane transport processes controlling intraliposomal precipitation [15] by high (50 mol%) Chol levels is not significantly compromised by the specific APL or NPL incorporated in the membrane. Similarly, the data suggest that Chol does not directly affect the specfic interactions of the different membrane APLs with the mineral phase. On the other hand, the substitution of other NPLs for PC can affect the role of APLs such as DCP in liposome-mediated mineralization.