Mangiferin prevents corticosterone-induced behavioural deficits via alleviation of oxido-nitrosative stress and down-regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity

Background: In recent years, a substantial amount of experimental studies have demonstrated that exogenous administration of corticosterone causes anxiety and depressive-like behaviour in rodents which involves hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. Our present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective potential of mangiferin against corticosterone-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviour.

Methods: Corticosterone (40 mg/kg; subcutaneously) was administered once daily in swiss albino mice for 21 days. Mice were treated simultaneously with mangiferin (40 mg/kg; p.o.), 30 min prior to the corticosterone injection.

Results: Chronic administration of corticosterone caused anxiety and depressive-like behaviour in mice which was significantly alleviated by mangiferin treatment. Biochemical analysis revealed that mangiferin treatment significantly attenuated corticosterone-induced oxido-nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus region. Furthermore, concomitant treatment with mangiferin significantly enhanced the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and decreased the serum corticosterone level in the corticosterone-treated animals. Western blotting analysis revealed that corticosterone administration significantly up-regulated the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) protein expression level in the hippocampus which was significantly reduced by mangiferin treatment.

Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that mangiferin exerts anti-anxiety and antidepressant effect in corticosterone-treated rats, which is probably mediated through up-regulation of BDNF level along with inhibition of oxido-nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation and IDO up-regulation in the hippocampus region.     

芒果苷利胆作用及对胆囊平滑肌痉挛的影响

目的：探讨芒果苷利胆作用及对胆囊平滑肌痉挛的影响.方法：利用胆管引流法测定芒果苷对大鼠胆汁的流量及成分的影响;通过对豚鼠胆囊肌条的收缩试验观察芒果苷对乙酰胆碱所致胆囊平滑肌痉挛的影响.结果：芒果苷4.74×10-5 mol·kg-1剂量组可显著提高大鼠的胆汁流量,显著提高胆汁中胆红素浓度（P ＜0.01）;2.37×10-5 mol·L-1剂量组可显著抑制由乙酰 胆碱引起的豚鼠胆囊痉挛（P＜0.01）.结论：芒果苷具有利胆作用,可缓解乙酰胆碱引起胆囊痉挛.     

Facile extraction of high-purity mangiferin from mango industrial wastes

In the present study, we described a novel, simple, and scalable method for isolating and purifying natural mangiferin from fresh mango leaves. An ultrasonic-assisted method was used to extract mangiferin from mango leaves using methanol as the solvent. The yields of the mangiferin crude extract and purified mangiferin recrystallized from a mixture of methanol and trichloromethane (10:1, v/v) were 1.41% (purity 86.5%) and 0.75% (purity > 99.6%), respectively. The purity of mangiferin was assessed by UV spectroscopy and HPLC. The structure of the purified compound was confirmed spectroscopically by UV, IR, Q-TOF/MS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. The method described herein to isolate mangiferin was simple, inexpensive, rapid, and efficient. Moreover, we, for the first time, obtained mangiferin with a purity of more than 99.6% using this method.     

Mangiferin ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats by inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway

Aging is the process spontaneously occurred in living organisms. Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of cardiac aging. Mangiferin is a well-known C-glucoside xanthone in mango leaves with lots of beneficial properties. In this study, rat model of cardiac fibrosis was induced by injected with 150 mg/kg/d D-galactose for 8 weeks. The age-related cardiac decline was estimated by detecting the relative weight of heart, the serum levels of cardiac injury indicators and the expression of hypertrophic biomakers. Cardiac oxidative stress and local inflammation were measured by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidant status and proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by observing collagen deposition via masson and sirius red staining, as well as by examining the expression of extracellular matrix proteins via Western blot analysis. The cardiac activity of profibrotic TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation levels of p38 and MK2. It was observed that mangiferin ameliorated D-galactose-induced cardiac aging, attenuated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/p38/MK2 signaling pathway. These results showed that mangiferin could ameliorate cardiac fibrosis in D-galactose-induced aging rats possibly via inhibiting TGF-β/p38/MK2 signaling pathway.     

HPLC法测定川东獐牙菜中芒果苷的含量

目的：建立川东獐牙菜中芒果苷的含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,Crest C18柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,甲醇∶0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,在0-25min内比例由22∶78到45∶55,流速1ml/min,检测波长258nm,柱温25℃。结果：芒果苷在0.22-2.20ug范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.9997）,平均回收率为101.12%（RSD=2.25%,n＝6）。结论：该方法简便,准确,重现性好,可作为川东獐牙菜中芒果苷的含量测定方法。     

HPLC波长切换法测定银花芒果片中绿原酸、芒果苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC波长切换法测定银花芒果片中绿原酸、芒果苷的含量。方法: 采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C₁₈(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm )色谱柱;流动相为甲醇（A）0.2%磷酸水溶液（B）系统,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,柱温：30℃,波长切换时间序列采样: 0～8 min为327 nm,8～20 min为258 nm。结果: 绿原酸进样量在0.140～2.516 μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9), 平均回收率为99.4%,RSD为1.2%(n= 9) ; 芒果苷进样量在0.042～0.761 μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0. 999 9),平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为1.4%(n= 9)。结论:该方法简便、快捷、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

不同干燥加工方法对知母化学成分含量的影响

目的:揭示各种干燥加工方法对知母有效成分含量的影响。方法:分别采用晒干、阴干、烘干、远红外干燥、微波干燥的方法对知母进行干燥加工,以菝葜皂苷元、知母皂苷AⅢ、芒果苷、新芒果苷为指标,通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC),分析各种干燥加工条件下知母中各类指标成分的含量变化情况。其中菝葜皂苷元、知母皂苷AⅢ采用高效液相蒸发光散射检测法(HPLC-ELSD)进行检测,用外标两点法对数方程计算含量,芒果苷、新芒果苷采用高效液相紫外检测法(HPLC-UV)检测。结果:采用烘干、远红外干燥、微波干燥方法加工后,知母菝葜皂苷元、知母皂苷AⅢ、芒果苷含量与晒干、阴干相比均有不同程度上升,新芒果苷含量与晒干、阴干相比有所下降。结论:从有效成分保存方面考虑,不同干燥方法的优劣顺序为微波干燥>远红外干燥>烘干>晒干≈阴干。     

芒果苷乳膏制备工艺的研究

目的研究芒果苷乳膏(5%芒果苷)的制备工艺及制剂稳定性。方法用HPLC测定芒果苷乳膏的含量,采用乳化法制备芒果苷乳膏,通过正交设计法优化芒果苷乳膏的处方。结果优化后的芒果苷乳膏处方为:50 g芒果苷、100 g硬脂酸、25 g单硬脂酸甘油酯、5 g三乙醇胺、100 g甘油、1 g羟苯乙酯,水加至1 kg;经稳定性考察,芒果苷乳膏的稳定性良好。结论乳化法制备芒果苷乳膏的工艺简单、可行,制得的芒果苷乳膏稳定性良好。     

芒果苷对白血病K562细胞周期分布及细胞周期素A、细胞周期素B1表达的影响

目的：观察芒果苷对白血病K562细胞周期分布及细胞周期素A（CyclinA）、细胞周期素B（CyclinB1）表达的影响,以进一步探讨芒果苷抗白血病的分子作用机制。方法：应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的分布,用RT-PCR方法检测Cyclin A及Cyclin B1 mRNA表达水平。结果：芒果苷作用24 h后,K562细胞G2/M期细胞增多,出现G2/M期阻滞,并呈现剂量依赖性;Cyclin A mRNA和Cyclin B1 mRNA的表达随作用浓度的增加而逐渐增强,呈显著的剂量依赖性。结论：芒果苷阻滞白血病K562细胞周期于G2/M期,明显上调K562细胞Cyclin A和Cyclin B1 mRNA表达水平,芒果苷诱导K562细胞G2/M期阻滞可能是其抗白血病作用的分子机制之一。     

芒果苷的高效毛细管电泳法分析

目的 :研究一种简便有效的芒果苷分离分析方法。方法 :利用高效毛细管电泳的自由溶液毛细管区带电泳 (CZE)技术分析从芒果树叶中提取的芒果苷。结果 :在波长 2 5 4nm可有效的检测Sigma和本实验室提取的两种来源的芒果苷 ,迁移时间相似。分别使用pH 6 .4,7.4和 8.4的 0 .0 5mol·L-1硼酸盐缓冲液和甲醇以 1∶0 .2 ,1∶0 .3,1∶0 .4,1∶0 .5混合作电泳缓冲液 ,发现以 pH7.4的硼酸盐缓冲液和甲醇以 1∶0 .3的比例混合作电泳缓冲液得到较好的分离效果 ,重复性好。结论 :CZE法分析芒果苷是一种简便、快速、成本低和效果好的方法 ,在临床药物分析中尤其适用。