Anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia paniculata bark extract against acute and chronic inflammation in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Terminalia paniculata Roxb. (Family-Combretaceae) is a wild tree commonly used in traditional ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammation of parotid glands and in menstrual disorders.

Aim of the study

To explore the folk use of Terminalia paniculata on pharmacological grounds to evaluate the scientific basis of anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

The anti-inflammatory activity of Terminalia paniculata was studied against carrageenan-induced hind paw edema, air pouch inflammation and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. The aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (TPW) was administered at the concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight.

Results

TPW showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the edema volume in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Further, TPW (400 mg/kg) also reduced the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration (50.92 ± 5.71%) and myeloperoxidase activity (49.31 ± 5.24%) in air pouch exudates. TPW (200 mg/kg) exhibits anti-rheumatic and analgesic activities by improving the altered haematological milieu (ESR, CRP, RF, WBC, RBC and Hb) and also by inhibiting the flexion scores and radiographic changes in CFA-induced arthritis. This extract also had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the occurrence of secondary lesions compared to CFA control.

Conclusions

Terminalia paniculata bark may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of chronic inflammation and arthritis.     

The possible mechanisms of Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. in the treatment of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn.(PQB) is used in folk medicines for the treatment of colds, upper respiratory infection, acute tonsillitis, acute gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery and a variety of acute infectious diseases in Asia. Although recent reports indicate that PQB has antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, its effects on colitis and its inhibitory mechanisms have not been previously reported.

Aim of the study

To assess the effects and the mode of action of the extract of Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn.(PQB) on a model of colitis in mice induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS).

Materials and methods

We induced mice colitis using TNBS/ethanol, then different doses of Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn.(PQB) extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) and sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 7 days after the induction of colitis. The mice body weight, colonic wet weight, colonic lengths, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, macroscopic and histological colon injury were observed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colons were determined by immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

PQB administration effectively prevented mice diarrhea, decreasing of the body weights, shortening of colon length and increasing of colon wet weight. Macroscopic and histological examinations also indicated that it was protected against colonic edema, ulceration and MPO activity elevation. Furthermore, PQB inhibited the abnormal secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-8. Additionally, administration of PQB effectively inhibited COX-2 and iNOS protein expression.

Conclusions

These results suggest that PQB has an anti-inflammatory effect on TNBS-induced colitis due to the down-regulations of the productions and expressions of inflammatory mediators, and that it may be a potential inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) drug candidate.     

GM-CSF在急性胰腺炎肺损伤中的作用及药物干预实验

目的：旨在研究巨粒细胞-噬细胞集落刺激因子（Granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor,GM—CSF）在急性胰腺炎相关肺损伤中的作用及中药胰炎合剂治疗肺损伤的作用机理。方法：健康Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为：模型组、胰炎合剂治疗组、乌司他丁治疗组及阴性对照组。通过向胆胰管内逆行注射5％的牛黄胆酸钠,制成急性坏死性胰腺炎肺损伤动物模型。分别予胰炎合剂和乌司他丁治疗,分析各组不同时间点肺湿干重比（W／D）、肺髓过氧化酶活性（Myeloperxidase,MPO）、肺组织GM—CSF水平变化。结果：模型组大鼠肺组织中GM—CSF,MPO及w／D明显升高（P〈0．01）,12～24h达高峰;除6h亚组外,胰炎合剂治疗组与乌司他丁治疗组GM—CSF、MPO和W／D相比无明显差异（P〉0．05）。模型组、胰炎合剂组和乌司他丁组肺组织中GM—CSF与MPO和W／D呈正相关（r分别为0．6661和0．7668,P值均小于0．01）。肺MPO与w／D亦呈正相关（r=0．5706,P〈0．01）。结论：GM—CSF在急性胰腺炎相关肺损伤的发病过程中起关键作用,其作用机理可能与其能促进中性粒细胞在肺内的聚集有关。胰炎合剂能减轻肺水肿或肺类症．能有效的抑制肺内GM-SCF会号．对急性胰腺炎相关肺捐伤有明显的治疗作用．     

59例肺部受损的MPO阳性ANCA相关性血管炎的临床特征分析

目的 分析肺部受累的MPO阳性ANCA相关性血管炎患者的临床及肺部影像学特征。方法 分析2014年1月至2020年12月在联勤保障部队第九六〇医院肾内科就诊的MPO-ANCA阳性且确诊为ANCA相关性血管炎（AAV）的59例患者的临床特征、辅助检查、肺部影像学改变。根据患者尿常规、血肌酐（CRE）及肾小球滤过率（eGFR）等数值分为两组：单纯肺损害组及肺肾合并损害组，并且对两组患者的上述资料进行分析。结果 1.入选的59例患者中，单纯肺损伤组13例（男/女：6/7），平均年龄60±17.63岁；肺肾合并损伤组46例（男/女：21/25），平均年龄62.28±15.12岁。两组的发病年龄及性别差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2.单纯肺损伤组患者血红蛋白（HGB）、白蛋白（ALB）、肾功能（CRE、BUN）、血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）结果分别为：116.38±23.99、34.75±5.31、62.69±14.04、4.02±1.63、57.77±34.56、14.3(5.55,58.70)，肺肾合并损伤组上述结果分别为：85.13±23.79、27.55±4.68、402.07±103.90、19.14±11.50、73.60±35.04、28.15(5.08,103.0)，两组数据差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。单纯肺损伤组患者HGB、ALB水平明显高于后者，而ESR、CRP水平低于后者。3.两组比较，肺肾合并损伤组中高血压患者占比（86.96%）明显高于单纯肺损伤组（46.15%），两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），其余合并症在两组患者中的占比差异无统计学意义。4.两组患者临床表现方面，单纯肺损伤组患者体重下降（30.77%）比后者（4.34%）占比高，肺肾合并损伤组恶心纳差/乏力症状（39.96%）较前者（7.69%）占比高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。5.对所有患者的影像学改变进行分类，影像学改变以网格样改变、斑片实变影及胸膜增厚多见。肺肾损伤组患者多见于斑片实变影，但两组患者不同的影像学改变差异无统计学意义（P>0.05） 结论 1.MPO阳性的AAV患者肺部影像学改变多样，但两组改变无特异性；2.两组患者临床表现多样，肺肾损伤组中，高血压患者占比明显高于单纯肺损伤组；3.肺肾合并损伤组肾功能损害较重且容易出现严重的贫血及低蛋白血症，提示预后不良，需及时治疗。     

髓过氧化物酶在冠心病中的诊断应用

大量研究证实,炎症促进了动脉粥样硬化的形成及发展,表现为粥样硬化斑块的形成.动脉硬化引起的危重心血管事件,如心肌梗死或缺血性脑卒中,为易损斑块破裂所导致[1].血制品中的蛋白或酶类通常作为生物标记物,反映疾病状态,并提供诊断及预后价值[2].