连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过在老年多器官功能障碍中的应用

目的:观察连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)在一组老年多器官功能障碍(MODS)患者中应用的效果及安全性。方法:50例老年MODS患者患者分为A组和B组,A组27例接受CVVH治疗,B组23例接受普通透析,患者在治疗前后进行APACHE评分,并检测血钠、钾、氯、尿酸、碳酸氢盐、氧分压、二氧化碳分压和脑钠肽。结果:①治疗后,血电解质紊乱和酸碱失衡得到纠正,毒素明显下降,两组患者间无显著性差异。②与B组患者相比,A组患者治疗后,脑钠肽和二氧化碳分压明显下降,氧分压上升,APACHE评分明显降低。结论:与普通透析相比,CVVH除了能清除毒素和纠正电解质酸碱失衡以外,还能提高患者PO2、减轻CO2潴留,明显改善心肺功能效果,因此应用于老年MODS患者是安全有效的。     

急性重症胰腺炎合并MODS 41例临床分析

我院1987年1月～2006年12月期间,共收治急性重症胰腺炎患者41例,其中并发多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)者12例,现回顾分析如下:     

多器官功能障碍综合征的进展

介绍多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的定义、命名及其发病机制的几个假说,总结近年来防治MODS的一些进展,以指导临床诊断及治疗。     

高原地区全身炎症反应综合征与急性高原病发病机制的初步探讨

目的探讨高原地区全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）与急性高原病（AHAS）的发病特点、机制及相互关系。方法通过高原（低氧）和平原（常氧）＋内毒素诱导的绵羊肺淋巴造瘘急性肺损伤（ALI）动物模型，比较高原（AG）和平原（FG）两组肺动脉压（Ppa）、肺嵌压（PAW）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、肺水质量[肺淋巴流量（Lung lymph flow，QL）、肺通透表面积（Permeability surface area，PS）、肺淋巴液蛋白和血浆蛋白含量比值（L／P）]；通过统一的SIRS评分标准对平原地区（海拔430m，西安）和中度高原地区（海拔1517m、2261m，兰州、西宁）ICU患者和胸外科开胸病例进行对照研究，对比观察术后SIRS、MODS评分的变化趋势、发病率和结局的差异。结果平原地区急性肺损伤（ALI）动物模型的Ppa、PWP、QL、PS、L／P和高原地区（3780m）相比差异非常显著，P〈0.01；平原ICU患者满足SIRS诊断标准二项、三项及四项标准的发病率分别为59.1％、27.2％和12.1％；2个脏器和3个脏嚣满足MODS评分诊断者分别为50．0％、56．1％。中度高原（1517m）地区ICU病人，满足SIRS二、三及四项标准者分别为91．2％、78．9％和38．6％；2个和3个脏器满足MODS评分诊断标准者分别为66．7％、28．1％。在平原地区开胸术后的PaO2全部≥80mmHg，中座高原地区（1517m、2261m）全部≤60mmHg。结论由内毒素和／或缺氧诱导的急性肺损伤早期可能有共同发病基础，同属混合型肺水肿性质。高原重创刺激可进一步加重低氧血症，启动全身炎症反应效应，其量化指标在≥1500m地区已变的有统计学意义。     

肺炎伴全身炎症反应综合征C反应蛋白及血糖变化关系研究

目的研究肺炎伴全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)时C反应蛋白及血糖水平的变化及其意义。方法随机选取131例非SIRS肺炎、63例肺炎伴SIRS S1期、44例肺炎伴SIRS S2期,以及37例肺炎伴多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)的住院患者,对比研究血糖及CRP的改变以及治疗前后的变化。另设40例健康者为对照组。结果⑴非SIRS肺炎组血糖处于正常范围,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;⑵SIRS S1组、SIRS S2组及MODS组血糖明显高于对照组,且各组间差异有统计学意义;⑶各肺炎组CRP均明显高于对照组,MODS组高于SIRS组,SIRS组高于非SIRS组,SIRS组中的S2组高于S1组,各组间差异有统计学意义;⑷经治疗1周后,CRP及血糖在MODS组分别下降了3.7%和11.2%,SIRS S2组下降14.6%和17.3%,SIRS S1组下降33.5%和21.1%,各组间的下降程度存在显著性差异。结论重症肺炎时,CRP及血糖随着病情加重平行升高。CRP及血糖两项指标的联合应用对于预测肺炎是否并发SIRS具有一定的临床意义。     

老年慢性肺心病急性加重期合并多器官功能障碍综合征的原因分析及护理对策

目的 了解老年慢性肺心病急性加重期合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的原因,探讨临床防护对策.方法 分析本院126例老年慢性肺心病急性加重期的临床资料.结果 老年慢性肺心病急性加重期随着年龄增大,抵抗力下降,出现肺部难以控制的感染,长期低氧血症和高碳酸血症,导致肺、心、脑、肾、消化道、肝等多脏器功能障碍或衰竭及DIC,增加病死率.结论 老年慢性肺心病急性加重期,应加强监测各重要脏器的功能变化,对合并MODS患者,关键在于早发现、早诊断、早治疗,同时,切实做好各种相应的治疗和护理,可提高老年慢性肺心病急性加重期合并MODS的防治效果,减少病死率.     

参麦注射液和复方丹参注射液联合治疗多器官功能不全综合征的临床研究

目的观察参麦注射液和复方丹参注射液联合治疗多器官功能不全综合征（MODS）的临床疗效。方法将60例MODS患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各30例。对照组患者进行常规病因治疗,同时改善机体氧供需之间的平衡、抗感染、纠正电解质平衡、重要脏器复苏、营养支持等对症治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用参麦注射液和复方丹参注射液治疗,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果对照组死亡率为73.33%,治疗组为60.00%,两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。加用参麦注射液和复方丹参注射液疗后,患者死亡率明显降低。结论参麦注射液和复方丹参注射液作为治疗MODS的急救中成药,疗效显著,可显著降低患者死亡率。     

早期防治MODS综合措施在治疗重症急性胰腺炎的意义

目的 探讨早期采用防治多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的综合措施对治疗重症急性胰腺炎及其并发症的重要性。方法 对21例诊断为重症急性胰腺炎患者，根据病因及病情个体化选择非手术或手术治疗。早期治疗主要措施除有效抑制胰腺酶的分泌，同时针对性地维护心、肺、脑、肾重要器官功能，积极促进胃肠功能的早期恢复。结果 早期手术6例，延期手术4例，治愈9例；平均住院日41．3天。非手术11例，全部治愈；平均住院日20．5天。死亡率4．8％。结论 早期防治MODS综合措施对重症急性胰腺炎的预后具有明显改善作用。     

The effects of selective nitric oxide synthase blocker on survival, mesenteric blood flow and multiple organ failure induced by zymosan

BACKGROUND: Circulatory failure in multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) is characterized with systemic vasodilation, diminished blood flow to various vascular beds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selective inhibition of nitric oxide on the mesenteric arterial blood flow (MABF), survival and organ injury of the liver, kidney, lung and spleen in zymosan-induced MODS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty Swiss albino mice (20-40 g), 7 to 9 weeks old, were obtained. Animals were randomly divided into four groups. The first group were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with vehicle (saline) and served as a sham group for aminoguanidine (AG) (n=10). The second group was treated with zymosan (500 mg/kg, suspended in saline solution, i.p). The mice in the third and fourth group received AG (15 mg/kg) 1 h and 6 h after zymosan or saline administration, respectively. Eighteen hours after the administration of zymosan, animals were assessed for MODS described subsequently. The signals from the flowmeter were also recorded on mesenteric arterial blood flow values. RESULTS: In zymosan-treated animals, the MABF was significantly lower than that of solvent (saline)-treated controls (ml min(-1), controls: 4.6 +/- 0.6; zymosan: 1.6 +/- 0.9, P <0.05). When animals were treated with AG, there were no significant differences in MABF values between AG group and solvent (saline)-treated control group. However AG prevented zymosan-induced mesenteric MABF decrease. Treatment with aminoguanidine also decreased mortality. CONCLUSION: AG is capable of inhibiting both the induction and the activity of the already iNOS; it remains a potential therapeutic agent in patients with MODS.     

L-selectin shows time and gender dependency in association with MODS

BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have demonstrated gender related immunologic alterations after trauma. These complications arise due to polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) interacting with endothelium via L-selectin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate gender related differences in the expression of L-selectin in relation to posttraumatic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). METHODS: Multiply injured patients were prospectively entered in the study. MODS was determined using the Denver score. The concentration of L-selectin on the surface of PMN was determined using flow cytometry during a 14 days' period. RESULTS: 48 patients were included in the study. The kinetics of L-selectin were different comparing male and female patients. Male patients with MODS initially showed a rapid decrease of surface L-selectin from 80 to 20 ng/ml. A return to admission levels was related to MODS. Male patients without MODS displayed elevated L-selectin levels up to 140 ng/ml. Female patients, however, all showed an initial rapid decrease of L-selectin to 20 ng/ml. Women who developed posttraumatic MODS had significantly increased levels up to 110 ng/ml before development of MODS developed. CONCLUSIONS: We feel that a gender related dimorphism in the initial L-selectin expression following trauma exists and is associated with MODS. These findings indicate new therapeutic means for the treatment of MODS. Therapies should be timely and gender dependently coordinated.