Spatial, temporal and subcellular localization of islet-brain 1 (IB1), a homologue of JIP-1, in mouse brain

Islet-brain 1 (IB1) was recently identified as a DNA-binding protein of the GLUT2 gene promoter. The mouse IB1 is the rat and human homologue of the Jun-interacting protein 1 (JIP-1) which has been recognized as a key player in the regulation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. JIP-1 is involved in the control of apoptosis and may play a role in brain development and aging. Here, IB1 was studied in adult and developing mouse brain tissue by in situ hybridization, Northern and Western blot analysis at cellular and subcellular levels, as well as by immunocytochemistry in brain sections and cell cultures. IB1 expression was localized in the synaptic regions of the olfactory bulb, retina, cerebral and cerebellar cortex and hippocampus in the adult mouse brain. IB1 was also detected in a restricted number of axons, as in the mossy fibres from dentate gyrus in the hippocampus, and was found in soma, dendrites and axons of cerebellar Purkinje cells. After birth, IB1 expression peaks at postnatal day 15. IB1 was located in axonal and dendritic growth cones in primary telencephalon cells. By biochemical and subcellular fractionation of neuronal cells, IB1 was detected both in the cytosolic and membrane fractions. Taken together with previous data, the restricted neuronal expression of IB1 in developing and adult brain and its prominent localization in synapses suggest that the protein may be critical for cell signalling in developing and mature nerve terminals.     

第3种内源性气体信号分子

越来越多的证据支持内源性的H2 S是第 3种气体信号分子。H2 S通过cAMP途径调节神经突触功能 ,H2 S是一种神经调节因子或神经递质 ;H2 S亦是一种重要的内源性血管舒张因子 ,它通过激活血管平滑肌KATP通道和使血管平滑肌膜电位去极化 ,或通过能降低外Ca2 + 内流而实现其血管调节功能     

金粉蕨素抑制大鼠主动脉平滑肌增殖作用及机制

目的 :观察金粉蕨素对牛血清刺激的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用 ,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。方法 :体外培养大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞 ,以终浓度为 10 %的新生牛血清 (NCS)作为刺激因素 ,用噻唑蓝 (MTT)比色法和细胞计数法观察细胞增殖状况 ,用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期 ,用Westernblot实验测定蛋白表达。结果 :与 10 %牛血清组相比 ,不同浓度金粉蕨素组的MTT测定值与细胞数目均明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其下降幅度呈浓度依赖性 ;10 μmol·L-1时达峰值 (P <0 .0 1) ;细胞周期分析显示 ,金粉蕨素组G1期百分比 (85 .1% )高于10 %牛血清组 (70 .0 % ) ,而S期比例 (4 .3% )低于10 %牛血清组 (16.4 % ) ;Westernblot结果显示给药组P ERK1 2蛋白表达明显低于同时间点牛血清组。结论 :金粉蕨素能阻止细胞周期由G0 G1期向S期推进 ,抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖 ,此作用与其抑制ERK1 2磷酸化、影响MAPK ERK通路激活有关。     

金粉蕨素拮抗血管内皮细胞氧化应激损伤及机制

目的 :研究金粉蕨素 (onychin ,Ony)对血管内皮细胞氧化应激损伤的影响及可能机制。方法 :培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞株 (ECV30 4 ) ,经Ony处理后 ,用过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )对其损伤 ;用MTT比色法和乳酸脱氢酶测定法分别检测损伤组和处理组细胞增殖活性和功能状态 ;用Western Blot法检测磷酸化ERK1 2和p38、P90RSK蛋白的表达。结果 :不同浓度的Ony(0 .3、1、3、10 μmol·L-1)促进H2 O2 损伤的内皮细胞增殖 ,减少LDH释放 ,并呈浓度依赖性。Ony(3μmol·L-1)抑制H2 O2 诱导的磷酸化p38表达 ,30min时最明显 ,但并不影响H2 O2 对ERK的激活以及ERK下游蛋白激酶P90RSK的表达。而阳性对照药genistein虽可增加内皮细胞增殖活性和减少功能损伤 ,但明显抑制H2 O2 诱导的磷酸化ERK表达及其下游蛋白激酶P90RSK。结论 :Ony拮抗血管内皮细胞氧化应激损伤可能与抑制p38磷酸化有关。     

Structure‐based design,synthesis, and pharmacologic evaluation tf peptide RGS4 inhibitors

Abstract: Regulators of G‐protein signaling (RGS) proteins form a multifunctional signaling family. A key role of RGS proteins is binding to the G‐protein Gα‐subunit and acting as GTPase‐activating proteins (GAPs), thereby rapidly terminating G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Using the published RGS4–G_iα1 X‐ray structure we have designed and synthesized a series of cyclic peptides, modeled on the G_iα Switch I region, that inhibit RGS4 GAP activity. These compounds should prove useful for elucidating RGS‐mediated activity and serve as a starting point for the development of a novel class of therapeutic agent.     

Graves病大鼠甲状腺细胞中MAPK的表达及益气养阴中药对其影响

[目的]研究病毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿(Graves病)大鼠(GD大鼠)甲状腺细胞中丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAPK)的表达及益气养阴中药对其影响。[方法]益气养阴中药灌胃GD大鼠，免疫组化法观察其甲状腺细胞中MAPK的表达。[结果]中药组MAPK表达明显减弱。[结论]益气养阴中药具有对抗细胞间信息传导的治疗作用。     

金丝桃素光动力学疗法与其诱导细胞凋亡、抗凋亡信号转导系统

金丝桃素在光诱导下产生活性氧，利用其光动力学治疗(PDT)在肿瘤细胞中显示出细胞毒作用，能以浓度和光依赖的方式诱导肿瘤细胞产生凋亡与坏死；通过细胞凋亡、抗凋亡信号转导通路调节细胞死亡程序。临床上利用PDT的金丝桃素被认为是安全、有效的新型抗肿瘤药物。     

曲古抑菌素A对前列腺癌LNCaP细胞雄激素受体的清除作用

目的:研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(trichostatinA,TSA)对前列腺癌细胞的抑制作用机理。方法:四甲基偶唑氮蓝(MTT)检测药物对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响;Hochest33342染色观察细胞凋亡的形态学变化;Western印迹分析雄激素受体(AR)蛋白的表达;反转录PCR检测AR转录水平的变化。结果:TSA在较低浓度即能有效抑制LNCaP细胞的增殖,EC50为125.9nmol·L-1,并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡;药物处理后细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶抑制剂p21表达增高,AR呈时间及剂量依赖性被清除。TSA对AR的清除是发生在蛋白水平的降解,而不影响其转录。结论:TSA能够清除对细胞生长具有重要作用的AR细胞信号通路,从而对前列腺癌LNCaP细胞发挥抑制作用。     

A commercial mixture of the brominated flame retardant pentabrominated diphenyl ether (DE-71) induces respiratory burst in human neutrophil granulocytes in vitro.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which have become ubiquitous in the environment. This study investigates the effects of the pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture, DE-71, on human neutrophil granulocytes in vitro. DE-71 enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration-dependent manner measured as lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence. Octabrominated diphenyl ether (OBDE), decabrominated diphenyl ether (DBDE), and the non-brominated diphenyl ether did not induce ROS formation at the concentrations tested. DPI (4 microM), an inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase completely inhibited DE-71 induced ROS formation, highlighting a role for NADPH oxidase activation. The protein kinase C inhibitor BIM (0.25 microM) and the selective chelator of intracellular calcium, BAPTA-AM (5 microM), also inhibited NADPH oxidase activation, indicating a calcium-dependent activation of PKC. ROS formation was also inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin (1 microM), the phospholipase C inhibitor ET-18-OCH3 (5 microM), and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 (25 microM). Alterations in intracellular calcium were measured using fura-2/AM, and a significant increase was measured after exposure to DE-71 both with and without extracellular calcium. The tetra brominated compound BDE-47 also enhanced ROS formation in a concentration dependent manner. The combination of DE-71 with the bacteria-derived N-formyl peptide fMLP and PCB153 induced an additive effect in the lucigenin assay. We suggest that tyrosine kinase mediated activation of PI3K could result in enhanced activation of calcium-dependent PKC by enhanced PLC activity, followed by intracellular calcium release leading to ROS formation in neutrophil granulocytes.     

Activation of mouse microglial cells affects P2 receptor signaling

Microglial cells are the immunocompetent cells of the CNS, which are known to exist in several activation states. Here we investigated the impact of microglial activation on the P2 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) signaling by means of fluo-3 based Ca(2+)-imaging. Cultured mouse microglial cells were treated with either astrocyte-conditioned medium to induce a ramified morphology or LPS to shift the cells toward the fully activated stage. The extracellular application of ATP (100 microM) induced a [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in 85% of both untreated and ramified microglial cells, whereas only 50% of the LPS-activated cells responded to the stimulus. To characterise the pharmacological profile of microglial P2 receptors we investigated the effects of various P2 agonists on [Ca(2+)](i) in cultured microglial cells. Untreated and ramified microglial cells demonstrated a very similar sensitivity to the different P2 agonists. In contrast, in LPS-activated microglia, a sharp decrease of responses to P2 agonist stimulation was seen. This indicates that microglial activation influences the capability of microglial cells to generate [Ca(2+)](i) signals upon P2 receptor activation.