离体模式下地氟醚、异氟醚和氟烷通过氧合器应用的药代动力学研究

目的研究在离体模式下地氟醚、异氟醚和氟烷通过氧合器应用的药代动力学。方法选择成人型膜式氧合器，预充生理盐水2000ml，连接动静脉端形成环路。将预先配制在钢瓶内的2．4％地氟醚、0．46％异氟醚及0．308％氟烷混合气体输送至氧合器，气体流量3Umin，泵流量4Umin，温度30℃。在摄入及排出的0、1、2、4、8、16、32min采集氧合器入气口、排气口及动脉端样本，测定吸入麻醉药分压。结果在摄入阶段及排出阶段，动脉端溶液中三种吸入麻醉药分压迅速上升或下降，用药后8min时，三种药物的动脉端样本分压与吸入气分压之比(Pa／Pi)均达50％以上，停药后8min动脉端样本分压与动脉端样本分压峰值之比(Pa／Pa0)均降至10％以下。三种药物之间在同一时间点Pa／Pi及Pa／17aO均有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。各吸入麻醉药动脉端样本与氧合器排气口中分压之间呈线性相关关系(r=0．99)。结论(1)Bentley膜式氧合器具有快速转运吸入麻醉药的性能；(2)地氟醚、异氟醚及氟烷通过氧合器应用后摄取和排出速率随着药物的水／气分配系数的增高而减慢；(3)通过监测氧合器排气口中吸入麻醉药分压可以快速、准确地估计液相中吸入麻醉药分压。     

急性重症胆管炎的介入治疗

目的讨论经皮经肝穿刺放置引流管(简称PTCD)减压引流治疗急性重症胆管炎(简称AOSC)的可行性及疗效.方法 1996年3月～2001年4月行PTCD治疗AOSC病人15例,男10例,女5例,胆石症术后8例,胆管癌2例,胰腺癌3例,胆道畸形2例,其中4例放置了胆道内支架.结果 15例病人技术成功率100%,无1例出现穿刺置管所致的严重并发症.病情缓解后针对病因有8例行手术治疗痊愈,4例不能手术的肿瘤患者植入了胆道内支架,1例于置管后3d死于多脏器功能衰竭,2例置管引流病情稳定后因各种原因放弃继续治疗,保留引流管自动出院.结论 PTCD可有效降低胆管压力,缓解病情,降低AOSC的死亡率,为进一步的病因治疗创造条件.     

抱茎獐牙菜中的苷类成分

目的 研究藏药抱茎獐牙菜Swertia franchetiana中的苷类成分。方法 用各种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化，根据理化性质和波谱解析鉴定其化学结构。结果 从抱茎獐牙菜的水溶性部分得到11个化合物，分别鉴定为芒果苷(mangiferin，Ⅰ)、异荭草苷(isoorlentin，Ⅱ)、当药黄素(swertisin，Ⅲ)、当药醇苷(swertianolin，Ⅳ)、1-羟基-3，5-二甲氧基汕酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅴ)、1-羟基一3，7，8-三甲氧基汕酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅵ)、1-羟基-2，3，5-三甲氧基汕酮-1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(Ⅶ)、5-醛基1-异色满酮(Ⅶ)、獐牙菜苦苷(swartiamarin，Ⅸ)、龙胆苦苷(gentipicroside，Ⅹ)和獐牙菜苷(sweroside，Ⅺ)。结论 化合物Ⅵ～Ⅺ均为首次从该植物中得到，其中Ⅶ为首次从獐牙菜属植物中得到。     

扩散加权成像鉴别兔炎性及转移性淋巴结肿大的实验研究

Objective To investigate the value of MR DWI in comparing inflammatory with metastastic lymph node in animal models of lymph disease.Methods Eighteen rabbits with benign lymphadenopathy and 9 rabbits with malignant lymphadenopathy underwent routine MRI and DWI examination.Independent-samples t test was used to compare the sizes and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between the two groups.Results Thirty-four inflammatory lymph nodes and 18 metastastic lymph nodes were observed .The size of lymph nodes was (8.14±2.79) and (6.29±1.48) mm in the benign and malignant groups, respectively.There was no significant statistical difference between the sizes of the two groups (t=2.624, P 0.05).Mean ADC value of lymph nodes was (1.19±0.31)×10-3mm2/s and (1.31±0.27)×10-3mm2/s in the benign and malignant groups, respectively.There was no significant statistical difference between the ADC values of benign and malignant lymph nodes (t=1.449,P 0.05).Conclusion DWI sequence can be used to show lymphadenopathy, but the ADC value is insufficient to differentiate benign lymph nodes from malignant lymphadenopathy.     

Development of a Device for Removing a Partial Denture in a Patient with Scleroderma

Scleroderma is a chronic disease that has been associated with immune dysfunction. One of the oral manifestations is microsomia, a result of collagen deposition in the perioral tissues. The complexity of treating these patients includes limited mouth opening ability, and difficulty inserting and removing dentures due to finger deformity. This article will describe an appliance specially designed especially for scleroderma patients, which facilitates treatment of the patient with removable partial dentures (RPD).     

显露血管内皮下层纤维连接素的方法

本文报道了一种显露内皮下层纤维连接素的理想方法。大白鼠主动脉壁分别用1.0％NP-40作用5min,30.0mmol/L KCl作用10min后,内皮细胞全部脱离,内皮下层大部分纤维连接素被保留。本法适用于建立细胞与血管壁相互作用的体外实验模型。     

ReProComet: a new in vitro method to assess DNA damage in mammalian sperm.

The increasing request of chemical safety assessment demands for the validation of alternative methods to reduce the resort to animal experimentation. Methods that evaluate reproductive toxicity are among those requiring the largest use of animals. Presently, no validated in vitro alternative exists for the assessment of reproductive toxicity. Mammalian sperm are sensitive targets of DNA-reactive chemicals, which form premutagenic adducts. Here, we propose a new method based on comet assay to detect DNA damage induced by potential germ cell mutagens in bull sperm available from assisted reproduction practices. In somatic cells, chemical-induced adducts can be revealed by comet assay that detects DNA breaks produced during adduct repair. Mature sperm, however, are devoid of repair enzymes, and adducts are processed only after fertilization. For this reason, comet assay is not sensitive to detect DNA lesions induced in sperm by most chemicals. To overcome such limitation, we developed a modified comet assay based on the addition of a protein extract from HeLa cells to agarose-embedded sperm on microscopic slides. To test the method, sperm were treated in vitro with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or melphalan (MLP) and comet assay was conducted both with and without protein supplementation. No effect of MMS or MLP was detected without protein supplementation; on the contrary, a clear-cut dose-dependent effect was measured after addition of the cell extract. These results represent a proof of concept of a novel in vitro mutagenicity test on sperm that could offer a promising approach to complement previously validated in vivo germ cell genotoxicity assays.     

Causes of B chromosome variant substitution in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans

We have analysed B chromosome frequency for three consecutive years, B transmission rate at population and individual levels, clutch size, egg fertility and embryo–adult viability in a natural population of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans containing two different B chromosome variants, i.e. B₂ and B₂₄, the second being derived from the first and having replaced it in nearby populations. From 2002 to 2003 the relative frequency of both variants changed, although the differences did not reach significance. A mother–offspring analysis showed no significant effect of any of the two B variants on clutch size, egg fertility or embryo–adult viability, but B₂₄ was more efficiently transmitted than B₂ through males from the 2002 season, which explains the observed frequency change. Controlled crosses, at individual level, showed significant drive through some females for B₂₄ but not for B₂, suggesting that this difference in transmission rate might also be important for the substitution process. The analysis of relative fitness for B₂ and B₂₄ carriers for all fitness components, as a whole, showed a significantly better performance of B₂₄-carrying individuals, suggesting that the cumulative effect of these slight differences might contribute to the replacement of B₂ by B₂₄. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at .     

发作性睡病伴发的幻觉症——随访22年一例

患者十六岁开始有逐渐加重的睡眠发作,伴有轻度不典型猝倒。14岁后出现入睡前幻觉,主要为鲜明生动的听幻觉,偶有幻视、幻嗅。幻觉严重时继发关系妄想和被害妄想,失去自知力。22年随访结果:患者精神状态良好,仍有轻度睡眠发作及入睡前幻觉,不影响日常工作和生活。对诊疗作了评价。