肺硬化性血管瘤的影像学表现(附5例报告及文献复习)

目的分析肺硬化性血管瘤(PSH)的CT表现,提高对PSHCT表现的认识。方法回顾分析5例经手术或穿刺活检、病理证实的肺硬化性血管瘤CT表现。结果5例中除1例表现为不规则肿块,边缘见分叶及毛刺外;其余4例均表现为肺内类圆形肿块,其中3例边缘光整,1例见浅分叶。5例均密度均匀。2例行CT增强病例,均有中度至明显强化。结论CT是PSH诊断的重要检查手段。     

明显强化孤立肺结节血流模式的临床价值

目的利用4层螺旋CT动态增强技术定量评价不同性质的明显强化孤立肺结节的血流模式并初步评价血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达阳性的孤立性肺腺癌血管生成与血流模式定量CT参数的相关性.方法 78例孤立明显强化肺结节(直径≤4 cm,68例恶性,10例活动性炎性),行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)动态增强(以4 ml/s的流率注入对比剂).记录孤立肺结节增强前后各时相的CT值并计算强化值、灌注值,结节-主动脉强化值比.灌注值等于时间-密度曲线最大斜率除以主动脉强化值.其中30例VEGF表达阳性的肺腺癌患者用免疫组织化学测定微血管密度(MVD)并标定VEGF,评价肺腺癌血流模式定量CT参数(强化值、灌注值、结节-主动脉强化值比及平均通过时间)与MVD的相关性.结果恶性结节强化值(35.79±10.76) HU与活动性炎性结节(39.76±4.59) HU差异无显著意义 (t=1.148 , P=0.255).恶性结节的结节-主动脉强化值比(14.27±4.37)%及灌注值(3.02±0.96)ml-1·min-1·kg-1均低于活动性炎性结节(18.51±2.71)%,(6.34±4.39)ml-1·min-1·kg-1 (t=2.978,P=0.004;t=5.590,P<0.0001).VEGF表达阳性的肺腺癌强化值(33.06±13.57)HU、结节-动脉强化值比(14.25±4.92)%及灌注值(2.97 ±0.56) ml-1·kg-1·min-1与MVD(70.15±20.03)条/视野,均呈正相关性(r=0.781, P<0.0001;r=0.688, P<0.0001;r=0.716, P<0.0001).平均通过时间(14.86±5.84)s与MVD无显著相关性(r=0.260, P=0.200).结论恶性与活动性炎性孤立肺结节血流模式不同,恶性结节通过结节-大动脉强化值比和灌注值可有效区别于活动性炎性结节,有助于两者鉴别诊断.肺腺癌强化值、结节-动脉强化值比及灌注值反映了VEGF表达阳性的肺腺癌的MVD.强化值、结节-动脉强化及灌注值可作为VEGF相关的肺腺癌血管生成的指标.     

Reversible and irreversible airway inflammation and fibrosis in mice exposed to inhaled ovalbumin

Objective and design: We examined the reversibility of several changes in the lungs and airways of mice immediately after exposure to ovalbumin aerosol and after a period of recovery breathing clean air.Methods: Mice were exposed for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 weeks, with recovery in clean air for 1–3 weeks.Results: Airway collagen content, exhaled NO, airway mucous cell hyperplasia, and lung lavage inflammatory cell content increased upon exposure to ovalbumin aerosol. All parameters except airway fibrosis decreased partially or completely to control values with recovery in clean air.Conclusions: Airway mucous cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia appear to be completely reversible after recovery in clean air, while exhaled NO and airway inflammation appear to be mostly reversible, except for persistence of lymphocytes in the lung lavage fluid. Airway fibrosis appears to be reversible when mice are exposed to ovalbumin aerosol for periods of up to 4 weeks of exposure, but becomes irreversible after 6 or more weeks of exposure.Received 30 June 2004; returned for revision 24 September 2004; accepted by J. S. Skotnicki 13 October 2004     

乙肝病毒标志物阳性肺结核患者抗结核治疗肝功能损害的观察

目的 :观察抗结核药物对HBV M阳性肺结核患者肝功能的影响。方法 :比较HBV M阳性和阴性肺结核患者抗结核治疗肝功能损害的情况。结果 :HBV M阳性患者肝损率比阴性者明显增高。结论 :抗结核药物致肝损害 ,HBV M阳性者比阴性者多 ,可能与用药前肝脏病理损害严重有关。应选用肝损害小的药物并积极采取综合措施进行防范     

肝细胞肝癌肺转移灶FDG摄取的假阴性分析

目的评价18^F-FDG PET／CT探测原发性肝细胞肝癌（HCC）肺转移的价值，并分析肺转移灶FDG摄取假阴性的原因。方法32例经手术病理或临床随访证实为HCC肺转移的患者行18^F-FDG PET／CT检查，根据FDG摄取阳性或阴性分为2组：A组18例，肺转移灶表现为FDG摄取增高；B组14例，肺转移灶表现为无FDG摄取。结果32例HCC肺转移患者中，27例18^F-FDG PET／CT显像发现肝内高代谢病灶，12例伴发其他肝外转移，其中包括腹膜后淋巴结、肺门或纵隔淋巴结、骨骼转移。PET对最大径〈10mm的肺转移灶探测灵敏度为35．6％，对最大径≥10mm的肺转移灶探测灵敏度为63．6％，两者比较，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4．712，P=0．03）。肺转移灶的FDG摄取变异较大，从无FDG摄取到少数病灶的显著FDG摄取，83．3％（25／30）摄取阳性的转移灶最大SUV（SUVmax）≤3。结论HCC肺转移灶FDG摄取假阴性率较高，除与病灶大小有关外，可能与原发病灶的病理特点有关。呼吸控制的薄层CT图像以及必要时增强CT对肺部小结节的检出非常重要，对CT显示小的肺结节病灶应严密随访。     

肺腺癌VEGF-C、VEGF-D的表达与MVD、MLVD及淋巴转移的关系

目的探讨肺腺癌中VEGF-C、VEGF-D与微淋巴管密度MLVD（VEGFR-3）、微血管密度MVD （CD34）及淋巴结转移之间的关系。方法免疫组化检测48例肺腺癌组织中VEGF-C、VEGF-D、MLVD、MVD蛋白的表达。结果VEGF-C、VEGF-D蛋白阳性率分别为70．8％（34／48例）、58．3％（28／48例）,肿瘤周边部位显著高于肿瘤中心部位,具有统计学意义,其表达与肿瘤分化程度无关,与肿瘤的TNM分期有关,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期。在VEGF-C蛋白阳性组,MVD高于阴性组（P=0．016）,MLVD显著高于阴性组（P=0．006）,淋巴结转移（P=0．042）增多;而VEGF-D蛋白阳性组与阴性组相比MVD无显著差异（P=0．943）, MLVD高于阴性组（P〈0．01）,淋巴结转移（P=0．012）增加。结论VEGF-C的表达与肺腺癌血管生成及淋巴管生成和淋巴结转移关系密切,而VEGF-D的表达只与淋巴管生成和淋巴结转移关系密切,与血管生成无关。     

穹窿体与肿瘤多药耐药

穹窿体是真核细胞中的核糖核蛋白颗粒,由肺耐药蛋白、穹窿体多聚腺苷二磷酸聚合酶、端粒酶相关蛋白和穹窿体RNA构成,其主要成分为肺耐药蛋白。肺耐药蛋白是介导肿瘤多药耐药的蛋白之一,可能与肿瘤的治疗效果和临床预后相关。穹窿体可能通过介导药物转运或者信号转导引起肿瘤的多药耐药。文章介绍了穹窿体的结构、成分及其介导多药耐药机制研究的新进展。     

新城疫病毒对人肺腺癌A549细胞系的作用

目的 观察新城疫病毒对人肺腺癌A549细胞的作用.方法 应用新城疫病毒(NDV)强毒株D90对体内、体外培养人肺腺癌A549细胞进行抗癌实验,通过体外培养A549细胞观察D90对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用,进而建立14例A549肿瘤细胞裸鼠模型,对实验后裸鼠肿瘤组织进行病理学检查,通过光镜、电镜等方法观察肿瘤细胞形态学改变从而探讨新城疫病毒D90对人肺腺癌A549细胞的杀伤作用,为临床应用奠定基础.结果 NDV强毒株D90可在体外培养条件下溶解、杀伤A549细胞.实验组与对照组比较肿瘤组织体积明显缩小(t'=4.753,P<0.01),光镜和电镜下可见肿瘤组织内血管分布减少,肿瘤细胞坏死与凋亡.结论 新城疫病毒强毒株D90能够抑制体外培养的人肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖并溶解、杀伤肿瘤细胞,能够抑制裸鼠体内肿瘤组织的生长和转移,对正常组织无影响.     

238例复治肺结核病人耐药状况分析

目的 了解复治肺结核病人形成原因和耐药状况，分析结核病控制策略的效果。方法 分析1999年湖北省耐药监测入选238例复治涂阳培阳病例既往病史和耐药状况；药敏试验采用比例法，培养基中药物浓度分别为S 4μg/ml、H 0．2μg/ml、R 40μg/ml和E 2μg/ml；结果 总耐药率为44．5％，耐多药率为21．8％，在综合医院、乡镇卫生院和结防专业机构治疗造成的耐药率和耐多药率(含H和R)分别为56．4％、31．3％、46．3％和30．8％、15．0％、20．8％。结论 治疗不规范是导致耐药率和耐多药率升高的原因，建议加强结核病人归口、化疗和全程督导管理，进一步完善结核病控制策略，减少复治病例和耐药的产生。     

Factors affecting early and long-term outcomes after completion pneumonectomy

Objective: To identify factors that affect operative mortality and morbidity and long-term survival after completion pneumonectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who underwent completion pneumonectomy at our cardiothoracic surgery department from January 1996 to December 2005. Results: We identified 69 patients, who accounted for 17.8% of all pneumonectomies during the study period; 22 had benign disease and 47 malignant disease (second primary lung cancer, n = 19; local recurrence, n = 17; or metastasis, n = 11). There were 50 males and 19 females with a mean age of 60 years (range, 29–80 years). Postoperative mortality was 12% and postoperative morbidity 41%. Factors associated with postoperative mortality included obesity (p = 0.005), coronary artery disease (p = 0.03), removal of the right lung (p = 0.02), advanced age (p = 0.02), and renal failure (p < 0.0001). Preoperative renal failure was the only significant risk factor for mortality by multivariate analysis (p = 0.036). Bronchopleural fistula developed in seven patients (10%), with risk factors being removal of the right lung (p = 0.04) and mechanical stump closure (p = 0.03). Overall survival was 65% after 3 years and 46% after 5 years. Long-term survival was not affected by the reason for completion pneumonectomy. Conclusion: Although long-term survival was acceptable, postoperative mortality and morbidity rates remained high, confirming the reputation of completion pneumonectomy as a challenging procedure. Significant comorbidities and removal of the right lung were the main risk factors for postoperative mortality. Improved patient selection and better management of preoperative renal failure may improve the postoperative outcomes of this procedure, which offers a chance for prolonged survival.