Lumbar corpectomy for correction of degenerative scoliosis from osteoradionecrosis reveals a delayed complication of lumbar myxopapillary ependymoma

Osteoradionecrosis is a known complication following radiation therapy, presenting most commonly in the cervical spine as a delayed consequence of radiation that is often necessary in the management of head and neck cancers. In contrast, osteoradionecrosis has rarely been described in the lumbar spine. Here we describe, to our knowledge, the first reported case of lumbar spine osteoradionecrosis, after adjuvant radiation for a primary spinal cord tumor, leading to progressive degenerative scoliosis which required subsequent operative management. Established guidelines recommend that mature bone can tolerate a dose of up to 6000 cGy without injury. However, once bone has been exposed to radiation over this level progressive soft tissue changes may lead to devascularization, leaving the bone vulnerable to osteonecrosis, specifically when manipulated. Radiation necrosis can be progressive and lead to eventual mechanical instability requiring debridement and surgical fixation. In the setting of the lumbar spine, osseous necrosis can lead to biomechanical instability, deformity, pain, and neurologic deficit.     

Value of repeat CT scans in low back pain and radiculopathy

We assessed the clinical value of repeat spine CT scan in 108 patients aged 18–60 years who underwent repeat lumbar spine CT scan for low back pain or radiculopathy from January 2008 to December 2010. Patients with a neoplasm or symptoms suggesting underlying disease were excluded from the study. Clinical data was retrospectively reviewed. Index examinations and repeat CT scan performed at a mean of 24.3 ± 11.3 months later were compared by a senior musculoskeletal radiologist. Disc abnormalities (herniation, sequestration, bulge), spinal stenosis, disc space narrowing, and bony changes (osteophytes, fractures, other changes) were documented. Indications for CT scan were low back pain (60 patients, 55%), radiculopathy (46 patients, 43%), or nonspecific back pain (two patients, 2%). A total of 292 spine pathologies were identified in 98 patients (90.7%); in 10 patients (9.3%) no spine pathology was seen on index or repeat CT scan. At repeat CT scan, 269/292 pathologies were unchanged (92.1%); 10/292 improved (3.4%), 8/292 worsened (2.8%, disc herniation or spinal stenosis), and five new pathologies were identified. No substantial therapeutic change was required in patients with worsened or new pathology. Added diagnostic value from repeat CT scan performed within 2–3 years was rare in patients suffering chronic or recurrent low back pain or radiculopathy, suggesting that repeat CT scan should be considered only in patients with progressive neurologic deficits, new neurologic complaints, or signs implying serious underlying conditions.     

骨质疏松性椎体骨折开放手术治疗的相关问题

骨质疏松性椎体骨折（OVF）患者多为高龄人群、合并症多,大多采用镇痛、抗骨质疏松症及康复等非手术治疗和椎体成形微创手术治疗。但是当存在椎体失稳、神经功能损害或严重后凸畸形等情况时,必须采用开放手术治疗。笔者对OVF开放手术的指征和入路、效果及并发症等问题进行阐述,为提高临床治疗效果提供参考。     

强直性脊柱炎胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数分析

【摘要】 目的 通过对强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis, AS）僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形矫形前后影像学参数对比分析及相关性研究,探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨（pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO）矫形对矢状面脊柱骨盆序列的影响,进而探究AS后凸患者脊柱骨盆序列的代偿机制。 方法 2004年1月～2010年3月, 38例AS僵硬性胸腰段后凸畸形患者行后路单节段或双节段截骨矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定术。矫形前后拍摄全脊柱侧位X线片,测量AS患者全脊柱后凸角（Cobb T1~S1）、矢状面平衡距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）、骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）及截骨角度（PSO angle）。观察矫形前后影像学参数变化,控制影响患者个体差异的因素,将影像学参数做偏相关分析。 结果 矫形前,Cobb T1~S1=56°±28°,PI=45°±9°,PT=38°±13°,SS=7°±12°,SVA=21 cm±9 cm;矫形后,Cobb T1~S1=11°±22°,PI=46°±9°,PT=21°±10°,SS=24°±9°,SVA=9 cm±5 cm。矫形前,PT、SVA与Cobb T1~S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.81（P＜0.01）、0.64（P＜0.01）;矫形后,PT、SVA与Cobb T1S1偏相关系数分别为r=0.58（P＜0.05）、0.72（P＜0.01）。PSO angle与Cobb T1~S1、PT偏相关系数分别为r=－0.82（P＜0.01）、－0.56（P＜0.05）,PSO angle与SVA无相关性。 结论 矫形前后,AS患者通过后旋骨盆代偿全脊柱后凸所致的矢状面失平衡;骨盆后旋程度、矢状面平衡距离与全脊柱后凸程度呈正相关;人体自身代偿机制优先恢复骨盆的中立状态而非改善矢状面平衡距离。     

GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定并二期伤椎骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎骨折

【摘要】 目的 探讨GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定结合二期伤椎骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效性和安全性。 方法 2005年3月~2010年10月共31例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者行后路GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,术后3~18个月根据X线及CT复查情况,出现“蛋壳现象”的患者在取出内固定前行伤椎骨水泥灌注,记录术前、术后及末次随访时的伤椎高度及X线片测量的Cobb角角度。 结果 本组患者均未出现骨水泥渗漏,术后12~18个月取出内固定后再随访1~3年。术后伤椎椎体高度及Cobb角与术前相比有明显改善。 结论 GSS椎弓根螺钉内固定结合二期伤椎骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎骨折可达到良好的治疗效果,可作为治疗胸腰椎骨折的新的尝试。     

单纯后路减压病灶清除内固定治疗伴神经损害的胸椎结核

【摘要】 目的 比较小切口椎旁肌间隙入路和传统开放式入路行腰椎后路融合术的临床疗效。 方法 2008~2009年,22例患者行腰椎后路融合术,小切口椎旁肌间隙入路方式12例,传统手术入路方式10例。患者均随访1年。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术前术后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale, VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index, ODI）评分及腰椎MRI所示的多裂肌横截面面积。 结果 2组间各项观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。小切口椎旁肌间隙入路患者手术前后L4/L5/S1各平面的多裂肌面积差异无统计学意义,传统入路手术前后的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 小切口椎旁肌间隙入路可明显减少对多裂肌的损伤,有利于患者术后的恢复。     

Ultra-long-term outcome of surgically treated far-lateral,extraforaminal lumbar disc herniations: a single-center series

Purpose  

Far-lateral extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation is an uncommon cause of nerve root entrapment, and studies addressing the long-term outcome of surgically treated patients are few. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ultra-long-term outcome of patients who were treated via a lateral approach.     

Biomechanical evaluation of a posterior non-fusion instrumentation of the lumbar spine

Purpose  

Numerous posterior non-fusion systems have been developed within the past decade to resolve the disadvantages of rigid instrumentations and preserve spinal motion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new dynamic stabilization device, to measure the screw anchorage after flexibility testing and compare it with data reported in the literature.     

Wallis棘突间动态稳定装置治疗腰椎退行性疾病

目的:评价Wallis装置治疗腰椎退行性疾病的初步临床疗效。方法:对2007年8月至2010年6月接受Wallis棘突间动态稳定装置治疗的48例腰椎退行性疾病患者进行回顾性分析,男30例,女18例;年龄40～68岁,平均54.2岁。单节段病变44例,双节段病变4例;其中L3,44例,L4,540例,L3,4和L4,5双节段4例。采用JOA、Oswestry评分标准进行疼痛及功能评价,采用Odom方法进行疗效评估,并摄X线片进行影像学评估。结果:48例均获随访,时间12～24个月,平均18个月。采用Odom评估标准:优20例,良24例,可4例。JOA评分由术前的(12.4±2.7)分增加到术后12个月的(26.1±2.0)分(P<0.01);Oswestry疼痛功能障碍指数由术前的(14.1±2.9)分降至术后12个月的(5.5±1.8)分(P<0.01)。腰椎侧位X线片显示神经根管高度和椎间隙后高度术前与术后12个月比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:Wallis棘突间动态稳定装置可较好地维持相应节段的动态稳定,扩大椎管容积,安全可行,近期疗效满意。     

经伤椎和跨伤椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的比较经伤椎和跨伤椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年1月～2010年12月,采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折52例,其中男34例,女18例;跨伤椎组（A组）34例,经伤椎组（B组）18例。损伤节段：T114例,T1212例,L131例,L25例。术前、术后及随访期间摄X线片及CT,比较2组术后骨折复位情况以及随访期间内固定有无失败和复位丢失情况。结果通过手术复位,伤椎上下终板成角（Cobb角）、椎体高度丢失率的比值均明显改善,术后随访测量以上结果与术后相比,A组中有11例发生椎体前缘高度降低,4例发生内固定失败;B组有3例椎体前缘高度降低。结论与跨伤椎椎弓根钉棒系统内固定比较,经伤椎置钉固定能更好的矫正后凸、减少伤椎高度的丢失以及增加脊柱的稳定性。