转录因子FOXQ1和增殖指数Ki67在进展期胃癌组织中相关性研究

目的：研究进展期胃癌组织中叉头框Q1（FOXQ1）与细胞增殖指数Ki67表达的相关性,分析两者表达水平对治疗预后的影响。方法：进展期胃癌167例,运用免疫组化法检测癌组织中FOXQ1和 Ki67蛋白的表达水平。采用Pearson法对FOXQ1与Ki67表达进行相关性分析,采用χ2检验分析FOXQ1和Ki67表达与临床参数的关系,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和Log-rank检验分析患者无复发生存期（RFS）,采用Cox比例风险回归分析影响RFS的因素。结果：FOXQ1在胃癌组织中高表达,并与Ki6表达水平呈正相关性（r=0.77,P＜0.001）。患者RFS与FOXQ1高表达（HR=2.962,P<0.001）、Ki67高表达（HR=2.416,P<0.001）有关。FOXQ1和Ki67高表达患者术后RFS生存率低于FOXQ1和Ki67表达阴性者,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：进展期胃癌组织中FOXQ1和Ki67高表达,两者表达水平呈正相关,FOXQ1及Ki67高表达影响SOX化疗方案的效果,与患者术后复发及RFS缩短相关。     

Lower dosage of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and Objective

According to US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), 2 hour recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) 100 mg infusion is recommended for eligible patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However,there exists evidence implying that a lower dosage of rt-PA can be equally effective but potentially safer compared with rt-PA 100 mg regimen. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy and safety of low dose rt-PA in the treatment of acute PE.

Material and Method

We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and CBM Literature Database for randomized controlled trials (RCT) focusing on low dose rt-PA for acute PE. Outcomes were described in terms of changes of image tests and echocardiography, major bleeding events, all-cause death, and recurrence of PE.

Results

Five studies (440 patients) were included, three of which compared low dose rt-PA (0.6 mg/kg, maximum 50 mg or 50 mg infusion 2 h) with standard dose (100 mg infusion 2 h). There were more major bleeding events in standard dose rt-PA group than in low dose group (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.12-0.91;P = 0.94,I² = 0%), while there were no statistical differences in recurrent PE or all cause mortality between these two groups. Two studies compared low dose (0.6 mg/kg, maximum 50 mg/2 min bolus or 10 mg bolus, ≤ 40 mg/2 h) with heparin. There was no significant difference in major bleeding events (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.14-3.98;P = 0.72), recurrent PE or all cause mortality. No dose-related heterogeneity was found for all the included studies.

Conclusions

The results of this meta-analysis were hypothesis-generating. Based on the limited data, our systematic review suggested that low dose rt-PA had similar efficacy but was safer than standard dose of rt-PA. In addition, compared with heparin, low dose rt-PA didn’t increase the risk of major bleeding for eligible PE patients.     

Short telomeres in an oral precancerous lesion: Q-FISH analysis of leukoplakia

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 372–378 Objectives: A precancerous condition is a lesion that, if left untreated, leads to cancer or can be induced to become malignant. In the oral region, leukoplakia is a lesion that has been regarded as precancerous. In cases of oral carcinoma, we have frequently noticed that a type of leukoplakia histologically demonstrating hyper‐orthokeratosis and mild atypia (ortho‐keratotic dysplasia; OKD) is often associated with carcinoma, either synchronously or metachronously. Therefore, we consider OKD‐type leukoplakia to be a true precancerous lesion. Materials and Methods: In an attempt to clarify the relationship between OKD as a precancerous condition in the oral mucosa and telomere length, we estimated telomere lengths in this type of leukoplakia using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, and also quantified the frequency of anaphase–telophase bridges (ATBs) in comparison with squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) and the background tissues of CIS and OKD. Results: Ortho‐keratotic dysplasia was frequently associated with squamous cell carcinoma (45.0%) and showed significantly shorter telomeres than normal control epithelium, CIS, or the background of CIS or OKD. The frequency of ATBs was much higher in OKD than in control epithelium or CIS. Conclusion: Ortho‐keratotic dysplasia appears to be frequently associated with carcinoma, chromosomal instability, and excessively shortened telomeres, not only in the lesion itself but also in the surrounding background. Therefore, when this type of leukoplakia is recognized in the oral region, strict follow‐up for oral squamous cell carcinoma is necessary, focusing not only on the areas of leukoplakia, but also the surrounding background.     

Reversal of slow growth and heartbeat through the restoration of mitochondrial function in clk-1-deficient mouse embryos by exogenous administration of coenzyme Q10

The longevity gene clk-1/coq7 encodes an enzyme that is essential for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q (CoQ) in mitochondria and regulates the lifespan and behavioral timing in Caenorhabditis elegans and the chronological lifespan in fission yeast. However, whether the mammalian clk-1/coq7 ortholog (clk-1) regulates these phenotypes in mammals remains to be fully evaluated due to the embryonic lethality of clk-1-deficient (clk-1(-/-)) mice. To investigate whether clk-1 regulates biological functions, such as growth and heartbeat, through CoQ in mouse embryos, we cultivated the cells and hearts of clk-1(-/-) mouse embryos at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) for at least 10 days in the presence of fetal bovine serum. In embryonic cells, cardiomyocytes, and hearts, the growth and heart rates were significantly slowed in clk-1(-/-) compared with wild-type or heterozygous mouse tissues. Moreover, frequent apoptosis and a significant reduction in mitochondrial functions, including membrane potential and ATP production, were observed in the clk-1(-/-) cells and hearts. The slowed growth and heart rates and the reduced mitochondrial function of clk-1(-/-) embryonic cells and hearts in culture were almost completely rescued by the administration of exogenous CoQ(10). The results indicate that clk-1 regulates growth and heart rates through CoQ-mediated mitochondrial functions in mouse embryos.     

Q开关1064nm激光治疗雀斑的临床疗效观察

目的观察Q开关1064nm激光治疗Ⅳ型皮肤或混合黄褐斑的雀斑患者的临床疗效。方法采用Q-开关Nd：YAG Spectra VRM Ⅲ激光,波长1064nm,光斑尺寸3mm,脉宽5～7ns,能量3．0～3．6J／cm2,对50例雀斑患者进行治疗。每月1次,共治疗3次,末次治疗后评价患者雀斑的疗效。结果50例患者经过3次治疗后,35例（70）基本完全消退,10例（20％）明显消退,5例（10％）好转,总有效率为100％。所有患者面部治疗区域无色素沉着、色素减退等不良反应出现,混合黄褐斑的雀斑患者未见加重。结论采用Q开关1064nm激光治疗Ⅳ型皮肤或混合黄褐斑的雀斑患者疗效显著、安全,不良反应少。     

Prognostic value of the Geneva prediction rule in patients with pulmonary embolism

Background

Assessment of pre-test probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) and prognostic stratification are two widely recommended steps in the management of patients with suspected PE. Some items of the Geneva prediction rule may have a prognostic value.We analyzed whether the initial probability assessed by the Geneva rule was associated with the outcome of patients with PE.

Methods

In a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter trial including 1,693 patients with suspected PE, the all-cause death or readmission rates during the 3-month follow-up of patients with confirmed PE were analyzed. PE probability group was prospectively assessed by the revised Geneva score (RGS). Similar analyses were made with the a posteriori-calculated simplified Geneva score (SGS).

Results

PE was confirmed in 357 patients and 21 (5.9%) died during the 3-month follow-up. The mortality rate differed significantly with the initial RGS group, as with the SGS group. For the RGS, the mortality increased from 0% (95% Confidence Interval: [0–5.4%]) in the low-probability group to 14.3% (95% CI: [6.3-28.2%]) in the high-probability group, and for the SGS, from 0% (95% CI: [0–5.4%] to 17.9% (95% CI: [7.4-36%]). Readmission occurred in 58 out of the 352 patients with complete information on readmission (16.5%). No significant change of readmission rate was found among the RGS or SGS groups.

Conclusions

Returning to the initial PE probability evaluation may help clinicians predict 3-month mortality in patients with confirmed PE.(ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00117169)     

Outpatient treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Patients with acute deep vein thrombus (DVT) can safely be treated as outpatients. However the role of outpatient treatment in patients diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE) is controversial. We sought to determine the safety of outpatient management of patients with acute symptomatic PE.

Materials and Methods

A systematic literature search strategy was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and all EBM Reviews. Pooled proportions for the different outcomes were calculated.

Results

A total of 1258 patients were included in the systematic review. The rate of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with PE managed as outpatients was 1.47% (95% CI: 0.47 to 3.0%; I²: 65.4%) during the 3 month follow-up period. The rate of fatal PE was 0.47% (95% CI: 0.16 to 1.0%; I²: 0%). The rates of major bleeding and fatal intracranial hemorrhage were 0.81% (95% CI: 0.37 to 1.42%; I²: 0%) and 0.29% (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.68%; I²: 0%), respectively. The overall 3 month mortality rate was 1.58% (95% CI: 0.71 to 2.80%; I²: 45%). The event rates were similar if employing risk stratification models versus using clinical gestalt to select appropriate patients for outpatient management.

Conclusions

Independent of the risk stratification methods used, the rate of adverse events associated with outpatient PE treatment seems low. Based on our systematic review and pooled meta-analysis, low-risk patients with acute PE can safely be treated as outpatients if home circumstances are adequate.     

骨质疏松疫苗载体:Qβ病毒样颗粒的表达、鉴定和纯化

 目的 优化表达和纯化方式,制备出具有正确空间结构且纯度和产量较高的骨质疏松疫苗载体Qβ病毒样颗粒(Qβvirus-like particles,Qβ-VLPs)。方法 在基因合成时删除A1基因序列中Qβ衣壳蛋白终止密码子之后的序列,只合成Qβ衣壳蛋白的基因序列。将Qβ衣壳蛋白基因序列克隆到pET30a载体质粒上,用BL21(DE3)、BL21(DE3)pLysS、Rosetta(DE3)三种不同菌株进行蛋白表达,然后用SDS-PAGE和透射电镜验证是否表达出Qβ-VLPs的正确结构。设置2个蛋白表达诱导剂IPTG( Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷)浓度和3种菌体破碎方式,分别优化蛋白表达条件和菌体破碎方案,然后将得到的Qβ-VLPs上清液通过硫酸铵聚沉、高速离心和分子筛分选进行Qβ-VLPs的纯化。结果 仅BL21(DE3)pLysS菌株可以表达出SDS-PAGE中呈现5-6聚体、透射电镜下呈现25~30 nm球形结构的Qβ-VLPs。使用0.5 mM浓度的IPTG表达的Qβ-VLPs产量较0.2 mM时高2.8倍,使用超声破碎菌体的方式可以获得较高的蛋白分离效率。将Qβ-VLPs上清液通过本实验过程中的方案进行纯化后纯度可达90%左右。结论 该实验探索出具有正确空间结构、组成单一且纯度较高的Qβ-VLPs的制备方案,为相关疫苗制备和研究奠定基础。     

Factors associated with Q fever vaccination in Australian wildlife rehabilitators

Australian wildlife rehabilitators (AWR) are at risk of contracting Q fever, a serious zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Despite Australian government recommendations for AWR to receive Q fever vaccination (QFV), and the availability of a safe and effective vaccine in Australia, shortfalls in vaccine uptake have been observed in AWR. This study aimed to determine factors associated with QFV status and describe AWR attitudes and potential barriers towards QFV. Data were obtained from a nationwide, online, cross-sectional survey of AWR undertaken in 2018. Approximately-three quarters (200/265; 75.5 %) of those that had heard of Q fever were also aware of the Q fever vaccine, and of those, 25.5 % (51/200) were vaccinated. Barriers to QFV, among unvaccinated respondents who had also heard of Q fever and the vaccine (149/200; 74.5 %), included concerns regarding the safety, efficacy, and importance of the Q fever vaccine. Complacency toward vaccination, convenience of vaccination, and a lack of Q fever knowledge were also notable barriers. Only 27.7 % (41/148) of respondents reported having had vaccination recommended to them. Multivariable logistic regression identified that vaccinated AWR were more likely to be aged ≤ 50 years (OR 4.51, 95 % CI: 2.14–10.11), have had a university level education (OR 2.78, 95 % CI: 1.39–5.73), have resided in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory and Queensland than in other Australian jurisdictions (OR 2.9, 95 % CI: 1.10–8.83 and OR 4.82, 95 % CI: 1.64–16.00 respectively) and have attended an animal birth (OR 2.14, 95 % CI: 1.02–4.73). Knowledge gaps regarding Q fever and QFV in AWR demonstrated the need for interventions to raise the awareness of the potential health consequences of C. burnetii exposure and Q fever prevention. Education programs to allow AWR to develop an informed perspective of Q fever and QFV, coupled with improvements in vaccine affordability and the implementation of programs to enhance accessibility, may also increase vaccine uptake.