Schistosomiasis in a migrating population in the lake region of China and its potential impact on control operation

Coverage of migrating people in schistosomiasis control program is a growing concern in China. Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is still one of the major infectious diseases of public health importance in China though tremendous efforts have been made to control the transmission over the past decades. Along with the rapid social-economic development, migrant population has been remarkably increasing across the country. The infected migrants may introduce a new souse of infection to endemic areas or the areas where the transmission had been controlled or interrupted but the intermediate host Oncomelania snail is still present. Preliminary studies for surveillance on schistosomiasis prevalence in migrants were reported, but there is little basic information provided. We carried out an investigation on the prevalence in immigrants, emigrants and permanent residents in three villages of Hunan province located in the main endemic area of lake region, and analyzed the potential impact of migration on control practice. In the study villages, the migrant population accounts for 53.6% of the total. Schistosoma infection was detected by modified Kato-Katz method and miracidium hatching test. Questionnaire survey was conducted comprising knowledge of disease and its transmission, water contact, personal protective measures, and whether examined and treated after water contact. The survey indicated that the migrants and permanent residents had similar life style, and the majority of them experienced water contact in agricultural work or routine life activities. However, the infection rate in immigrants was significantly higher than that in permanent residents. It was also found that the migrants had significantly less knowledge about the disease than the permanent residents, and took no personal protective measures. This is due to that the control program could not cover the migrants when they were absent at the time the program being implemented. The present study suggested that the surveillance and intervention for migrants, immigrants in particular, should be included and strengthened in schistosomiasis control program and a feasible scheme be developed.     

银杏叶片治疗精神分裂症患者脂代谢紊乱的疗效

目的 探讨银杏叶片对服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者脂代谢紊乱的影响。方法 选取住院的精神分裂症患者共80例,随机平均分为2组:单用组给予奥氮平(15±5)mg/d治疗,联合组给予奥氮平(15±5)mg/d+银杏叶片1.2 g/d治疗,共治疗8周。于治疗前及治疗第2、4、8周末分别对2组患者进行血脂监测。结果 与治疗前对比,单用组第4周和8周末甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)均显著升高(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著降低(P<0.05);与治疗前对比,联合组8周末LDL和HDL无明显变化(P>0.05),TG和TC显著升高(P<0.05),但是8周末时联合组TG和TC显著低于单用组(P<0.05)。结论 服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者会存在不同程度血脂水平的改变,而加用银杏叶片后能改善奥氮平所致的血脂异常。     

日本血吸虫病诊断抗原研究进展

血吸虫病免疫诊断技术的发展为血吸虫病控制做出了重要贡献。血吸虫抗原检测特异性抗体是目前血吸虫病免疫诊断的常用方法,所使用的抗原可分为粗制虫源抗原、纯化虫源抗原和重组抗原。研制高敏感性、高特异性和具有早期诊断价值的抗原是免疫诊断研究的重点。本文对近年日本血吸虫病诊断抗原研究进展进行了综述。     

宁夏枸杞叶中的化学成分

目的研究中药宁夏枸杞叶中的化学成分。方法使用70%乙醇对宁夏枸杞叶进行提取,所得浸膏混悬后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取。分别取乙酸乙酯层和正丁醇层,使用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、制备液相色谱及薄层色谱等色谱技术进行分离纯化,利用理化常数和核磁共振、质谱等波谱学技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从宁夏枸杞叶70%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取层和正丁醇萃取层中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为对甲氧基苯甲酸(1),对甲氧基肉桂酸(2),东莨菪素(3),对羟基苯甲醛(4),对羟基苯乙酮(5),(Z)-2-亚乙基-3-甲基丁二酸(6),槲皮素(7),腺苷(8),东莨菪苷(9),芦丁(10)。结论化合物1,2,4,6,8为首次从枸杞属植物中分离得到,化合物3,5,9为首次从宁夏枸杞叶中分离得到。     

瓜子金挥发油气质联用分析及其抗氧化活性

目的:对瓜子金挥发油成分进行分析,比较分析瓜子金挥发油的抗氧化活性差异。方法:采用气相色谱联合质谱技术,对瓜子金挥发油进行成分分析,利用峰面积归一法测定各个成分的相对百分含量;以BHT为对照,比较分析瓜子金水提液、瓜子金挥发油对DPPH·自由基的清除率。结果:从瓜子金挥发油中共鉴定出挥发性成分28种,主要含有烯烃、芳香烃、烷烃和酯等化合物;瓜子金挥发油对清除DPPH·自由基能力较之瓜子金水提液更强。结论:瓜子金挥发油具有一定的药理、药用价值和明显的抗氧化活性,对瓜子金开发利用时应综合考虑。     

HPLC测定桑叶中绿原酸、芦丁和木犀草苷含量

目的建立同时测定桑叶中绿原酸、芦丁和木犀草苷含量的方法。方法样品用70％乙醇溶液提取,采用Phenomenex LunaC18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）分离;流动相：0．1％磷酸-乙腈,梯度洗脱;流速：1：0mL·min^-1;检测波长：348nm。结果绿原酸、芦丁、木犀草苷分别在3．048～152．4,1．059～52．96,1．437-71．85μg·mL一内具有良好的线性关系;加标回收率分别为100．4％,98.3％,98．7％;RSD分别为1．7％,2．0％,1．9％（n=9）。结论该方法简单易行,准确性和重复性好,可用于桑叶的质量控制。     

三七叶总皂苷脂质体凝胶剂的研制与质量评价

目的：研究三七叶总皂苷脂质体凝胶剂的制备方法,并进行质量评价。方法：以薄膜分散法制备脂质体,通过正交试验设计优化三七叶总皂苷脂质体的处方。采用高速离心法测定其包封率,以包封率的高低做为脂质体优劣的评价指标,筛选出制备脂质体的最佳工艺。并进一步制备成凝胶,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中人参皂苷Rb3的含量,并初步观察其稳定性。结果：所制凝胶剂为半透明粘稠状胶体,考察符合《中国药典》2010年版的相关规定,稳定性良好,皮肤刺激性小。结论：本制剂制备工艺简单可行,检测方法可靠,质量稳定可控。     

槐米中芦丁的提取方法研究进展

槐米是一种具有广泛生物活性的传统中药,主要含有芦丁等成分。常用的方法有碱提酸沉法,醇提法,超声波辅助法,微波辅助法等。本文对近年来槐米中芦丁的提取工艺进行了综述和研究,为更好地开发和利用槐米提供了借鉴和理论依据。     

清风藤质量标准研究

目的对江苏特色中药材清风藤进行有效的质量控制。方法建立清风藤药材的地方质量控制方法与标准。采用性状描述、显微鉴别及薄层色谱鉴别、检查、含量测定等项目来控制清风藤质量。结果清风藤药材性状描述和显微特征性强,薄层色谱斑点清晰,含量测定方法灵敏、简单、重复性好。结论所建立的方法操作简单,重复性好、准确可靠,制订的标准限度合理,能为清风藤质量控制方法的建立提供参考。