Andrology: Analysis of sperm movement in relation to the oxidative stress created by leukocytes in washed sperm preparations and seminal plasma

The addition of luminol to unprocessed semen samples resultedin the generation of chemiluminescent signals, the intensityof which was highly correlated with the level of leukocyte contamination.Despite the spontaneous oxidant-generating capacity of seminalleukocytes, no correlations were observed between leukocytecontamination and the fertility status of the subjects or anyaspect of the semen profile, including the motility of the spermatozoaor their performance in a hyaluronate penetration assay. Luminol-dependentchemiluminescence and leukocyte contamination were also correlatedin washed sperm suspensions prepared either by repeated centrifugationor on discontinuous Percoll gradients. However, in such spermsuspensions, the spontaneous generation of oxidants by contaminatingleukocytes (>2x10⁴ leukocytes/ml) was invariably associatedwith a decreased capacity for movement. Moreover, causativeassociations between leukocyte contamination, reactive oxygenspecies generation, lipid peroxidation and impaired sperm motilitywere revealed by experiments involving the selective additionor removal of activated leukocytes. From these observationswe can conclude that low concentrations of leukocytes are acommon feature of the human ejaculate and can impair sperm function,particularly in the absence of seminal plasma. These findingshave implications for our understanding of the importance ofleukocytospermia in defining the fertility of human spermatozoain vivo and in vitro.     

维生素E对培养心肌细胞脂质过氧化损伤的保护

应用氢过氧化枯烯引发体外培养的乳鼠心肌细胞脂质过氧化损伤过程，观察了添加维生素Ｅ（２００ｍｇ／Ｌ的α－生育酚）的影响。结果显示：维生素Ｅ能明显减轻细胞脂质过氧化物的蓄积、细胞内肌酸激酶漏出和ＤＮＡ断裂，保护细胞膜流动性、肌球蛋白轻链肌酸激酶和头部ＡＴＰ酶的活性；但对￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入的影响不显著。表明维生素Ｅ具有抵抗脂质过氧化所致心肌细胞损伤的作用。     

Synergistic renal protection by combining alkaline-diuresis with lipid peroxidation inhibitors in rhabdomyolysis: possible interaction between oxidant and non-oxidant mechanisms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE.: Heme-proteins, besides causing renal tubular obstruction, maycontribute to rhabdomyolysis-induced renal injury through aheme-iron-mediated lipid peroxidation process. In the presentstudy, we compared the combined therapy of a lipid peroxidationinhibitor, 21-aminosteroid (21-AS) and fluid-alkaline-mannitol(FAM) diuresis with either of them alone to determine the efficacyof the combination therapy and to delineate the roles of lipidperoxidation and cast formation. METHODS AND RESULTS.: Employing Raman spectroscopy, we confirmed in vitro the abilityof 21-AS to inhibit iron-induced fatty acid peroxidation. 21-ASwas then administered to rats developing renal failure fromglycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. Although 21-AS inhibited rhabdomyolysis-inducedplasma and renal lipid peroxidation, renal protection was incomplete.Administration of FAM to inhibit cast formation afforded a betterrenal protection. However, when these therapies were combinedto inhibit both lipid peroxidation and cast formation, therewas a synergistic renal functional protection. This was accompaniedby a maximum inhibition of renal and plasma lipid peroxidation,as well as, renal tubular necrosis and cast formation. Comparedto combination therapy, FAM therapy alone, despite identicalvolume, was accompanied by a higher tubular necrosis and castformation. CONCLUSIONS.: That combining a lipid peroxidation inhibitor with fluid-alkalinediuresis in rhabdomyolysis further lowers renal lipid peroxidation,tubular necrosis and cast formation and synergistically limitsrenal dysfunction (i) supports a role for lipid peroxidationin the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis ARF, (ii) underscoresthe role of intratubular heme retention, a cause for tubularobstruction as well a source for prodigious amount of iron,likely involved in the lipid peroxidation, and (iii) raisesthe possibility of interactions between non-oxidant and oxidantmechanisms.     

Effect of Shengmaisan（生脉散）on Lipid Peroxidation Damage in Acute Myocardial infarctionPatients

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＳｈｅｎｇｍａｉｓａｎ（生脉散）ｏｎＬｉｐｉｄＰｅｒｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎＤａｍａｇｅｉｎＡｃｕｔｅＭｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎＰａｔｉｅｎｔｓＬＵＢａｏ－ｊｉｎｇ（吕宝经）；ＲＯＮＧＹｅ－ｚｈｉ（荣烨之）；ＺＨＡＯＭｅｉ－ｈ...     

The effect of human SOD on the survival rate in rats with temporary splanchnic ischemia

The accumulation of oxygen free radicals is reported to occur in the organs subjected to temporary ischemia followed by reperfusion, resulting in the fatal outcome of the animals. The effects of human SOD, a representative scavenger of oxygen free radicals, on the survival rates were investigated in the rats with temporary splanchnic ischemia. The temporary ischemia was induced by the occlusion of anterior mesenteric and celiac arteries for 30min under anesthesia. Prior and after treatment with 2mg/100g of human SOD, iv or sc, produced significant improvements in survival rates. Human SOD, cloned from human placenta DNA and expressed in microorganisms, has extreme homogeneity. The results suggest the possible introduction of human SOD into clinical field as an effective scavenger of oxygen free radicals.(Ogawa R, Bitoh H, Ohi Y: The effect of human SOD on the survival rate in rats with temporary splanchnic ischemia. J Anesth 2: 41–45, 1988)     

Studies on fine structure and location of lipids in quick-freeze replicas of atherosclerotic aorta of WHHL rabbits

Summary The fine structure of intracellular and extracellular lipids in the atherosclerotic aorta of Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was demonstrated by a quick-freeze etching technique. Many lipid droplets, with and without a membrane, were observed in the foam cells. Membrane-free droplets were observed as onionlike structure with a concentric lamellar structure surrounded by 10 nm filaments. Droplets surrounded by a limited membrane probably correspond to lipid-laden lysosomes.In the extracellular connective tissue space, marked accumulation of lipids with a vesicular structure was seen among collagen fibers. The appearance of these lipids was similar to that of lipids in lysosomes of foam cells.     

Renewal of the membrane complex of Schistosoma mansoni is closely associated with lipid metabolism

Metabolic pathways leading to lipid biosynthesis in four different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni were explored and quantified by incubation in the presence of labeled precursors in a chemically defined medium. At the schistosomulum stage and in male, female, or paired worms, glycerol and oleate incorporation into neutral lipids, mainly in the form of triacylglycerols, was greater than into phospholipids, whereas in 11-and 15-day-old worms, synthesis mainly led to phospholipids. Incorporation into phospholipids was recovered largely in phosphatidylcholine, and distribution into other phospholipids depended on the developmental stage. Incorporation of choline and ethanolamine into their respective phospholipids represented up to 15% of the parasitic phospholipid content. The formation of phosphatidylcholine by phosphatidylethanolamine methylation occurred mainly in the immature parasitic stages. Inositol incorporation was also measurable, whereas [14C]serine incorporation was low or undetectable. Addition of 1-palmitoyl-2-[14C]oleyl phosphatidylcholine revealed a very high uptake of this phospholipid by the immature stages but further metabolism was not detectable. In contrast, adult S. mansoni were completely unable to take up or absorb this exogenous phospholipid. The most striking aspect of this study was the relatively high metabolic activity in 11-day-old worms and the lower but sustained activity on day 15 and at the schistosomulum stage. By comparison, biosynthetic activity in adult S. mansoni, on which research studies have been focused until now, was very low. We also discuss the participation of lipid metabolism in the constant renewal of the membrane complex which is essential to parasitism by S. mansoni.     

山莨菪碱对家兔动脉粥样硬化的抑制作用

用65只日本兔喂高脂饲料,观察山莨菪碱对动脉粥样硬化形成的作用及其有关检测指标的影响。结果表明,山莨菪碱组主动脉内膜粥样硬化斑块面积、胆固醇含量、内膜通透性及血液TC、LDL-C、TG、LPO、TXA_2、5-HT、Pt聚集力,血液流变学等,均显著降低;PGI_2及SOD增高;组织光镜及电镜改变减轻。说明山茛菪碱对动脉粥样硬化的形成有显著抑制作用。