葫芦茶化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

从葫芦茶Ｔａｄｅｈａｇｉ ｔｒｉｑｕｅｔｒｕｍ（Ｌ．）Ｏｈａｓｈｉ中又分得９个单体化合物。通过化学方法和小谱分析鉴定其结构分别为：乌素酸（Ⅰ）、冬青素Ａ（Ⅱ）、３,５－二羟基苯基－６－Ｏ－反式－对羟基－肉桂酰基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖苷、山奈素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖苷、山柰－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ半乳吡喃糖苷（Ⅴ）、（＋）－儿茶素（Ⅵ）,３,５－二羟基苯基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖苷（Ⅶ）,槲皮素－３－Ｏ－β     

Drug Interactions

Abstract

Diquat dibromide is a commonly used herbicide. The product label cautions against allowing the material to contact the skin as severe skin irritation is possible as well as absorption of the material into the systemic circulation. Waterproof footwear and clothing should be worn to minimize skin contact. A case of full thickness burns of the feet requiring skin grafting occurred following prolonged exposure of the soles of the feet to diquat dibromide.     

野葛藤茎中的化学成分研究

 目的 研究野葛 [Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi] 藤茎的化学成分。方法 采用正相及反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、制备薄层、重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 共分离鉴定了 12 个化合物,分别为：9-hydroxy-2′,2′-dimethylpyrano[5′,6′：2,3]-coumestan (1)、butesuperin A(2)、corylin(3)、7-羟基-2′,5′-二甲氧基异黄酮(4)、7,2′,4′-三羟基二氢异黄酮(5)、liquiritigenin 7-methyl ether(6)、香草醛(7)、4-羟基-2-乙氧基苯甲醛(8)、葛根苷 D(9)、(-)-puerol(10)、hydroxytuberosone(11)、胡萝卜苷(12)。结论 化合物1,4为新的天然产物,化合物 1 ~ 8 为首次从葛属植物中分离得到。     

A new cytotoxic prenylated chalcone fromsophora flavescens

We have isolated a new prenylated chalcone from the roots of Sophora flavescens (Leguminosae). We determined that structure of this compound is 7,9,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-isopentenyl-5-methoxychalcone (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR data). Compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human acute promyelocytic (HL60), mouse lymphocytic (L1210) and human histiocytic (U937) leukemia cells.     

补骨脂环己烷溶性化学成分的研究

目的 研究补骨脂Psoraleae Fructus 70%乙醇水提取物的环己烷溶性部分的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶、高效液相色谱等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,通过化合物的谱学数据鉴定其结构。结果 从补骨脂70%乙醇水提取物的环己烷溶性部分分离出21个化合物,分别鉴定为补骨脂醚（1）、对羟基苯甲醛（2）、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（3）、补骨脂醚酚G(4)、补骨脂醚酚H(5)、双补骨脂酚V(6)、双补骨脂酚I(7)、双补骨脂酚H(8)、双补骨脂酚F(9)、双补骨脂酚D(10)、双补骨脂酚G(11)、豆甾醇（12）、补骨脂查耳酮（13）、补骨脂定（14）、补骨脂二氢黄酮甲醚（15）、异补骨脂素（16）、补骨脂素（17）、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-6′-O-棕榈酸酯（18）、4-羟基合生果素（19）、新补骨脂宁（20）和6-异戊烯基柚皮素（21）。结论 化合物1、4、5和6为4个新的化合物。     

A new bioactive flavone glycoside from the seeds of Melilotus indica All.

Melilotus indica All. [Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C. (1956) Glossary Indian Med. Plants, 164 C.S.I.R. Publication New-Delhi; Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. (1935) Indian Medicinal Plants, 2nd Ed., Vol. I, pp. 703–704 Lalit Mohan Basuan Co. Allahabad. The Wealth of India (1962) A Dictionary of Raw Materials and Industrial Products, Vol. VI, pp. 329–331 (C.S.I.R. Publication: New-Delhi)] belongs to family Leguminosae, which is commonly known as ‘Banmethi’ in Hindi. It is found in North India, extending into S. Persia, S. Europe and the Tropical zone of India. The seeds are used as an anthelmintic, an antipyretic, for curing heart diseases, bronchitis, leprosy, bowel complaints and infantile diarrhea. The plant has also been used as a discutient, emollient, and as a fomentation. It is also useful in a plaster for swelling. It is considered astringent and narcotic. Earlier workers have reported the presence of C-glycosides [Sayed, E.L., Ishak, M.S. and Mabry, T.J. (1997) Asian J. Chem., 9, 551], methylene-dioxypterocarpan (MIS₆) [Saxena, V.K. and Nigam, S. (1997) Fitoterapia, 68, 343–345], pterocarpane (MIS₂) [Saxena, V.K. and Nigam, S. (1996) J. Institution Chem. 68, 122–125] and prenylated pterocarpan [Saxena, V.K. and Nigam, S. (1997) Fitoterapia, 68, 403–407] from this plant. Here, we report the isolation of the new flavone glycoside 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,3′-dimethoxyflavone-7-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1→6)-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (1) from the seeds of this plant.     

Acetylated anthraquinone glycosides from Cassia obtusifolia

Three new acetylated anthraquinone glycosides (1–3) were isolated from the seed of Cassia obtusifolia, together with one parent anthraquinone glycoside (1a). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods and physicochemical properties as obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-2, 6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside (1), obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1a), obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-3, 6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside (2), and obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-4, 6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside (3).     

Two new furostanol saponins from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Two new furostanol saponins, together with two known steroidal saponins, were isolated from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. The structures of the new compounds were determined by detailed analysis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS spectra and chemical evidences as 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5-en-furost-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5-en-furost-3β,22α,26-triol 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2).     

A new phenanthraquinone from the stems of Bauhinia variegata L.

A new phenanthraquinone, named bauhinione (1), has been isolated from Bauhinia variegata L., and its structure has been elucidated as 2,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-1,4-dione on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.     

Acute and subacute toxicity of Cassia occidentalis L. stem and leaf in Wistar rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Cassia occidentalis L. (syn. Senna occidentalis; Leguminosae) has been used as natural medicine in rainforests and tropical regions as laxative, analgesic, febrifuge, diuretic, hepatoprotective, vermifuge and colagogo. Herein, we performed a pre-clinical safety evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis stem and leaf in male and female Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

In acute toxicity tests, four groups of rats (n = 5/group/sex) were orally treated with doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg and general behavior, adverse effects and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity assays, animals received Cassia occidentalis by gavage at the doses of 0.10, 0.50 or 2.5 g/kg/day (n = 10/group/sex) for 30 days and biochemical, hematological and morphological parameters were determined.

Results

Cassia occidentalis did not produce any hazardous symptoms or death in the acute toxicity test, showing a LD₅₀ higher than 5 g/kg. Subacute treatment with Cassia occidentalis failed to change body weight gain, food and water consumption and hematological and biochemical profiles. In addition, no changes in macroscopical and microscopical aspect of organs were observed in the animals.

Conclusions

Our results showed that acute or subacute administration of Cassia occidentalis is not toxic in male and female Wistar rats, suggesting a safety use by humans.