腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞在老年人下肢手术中的应用及对围手术期应激反应的影响

目的:探讨腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞和硬膜外麻醉在老年人下肢手术中的应用,比较两者临床麻醉起效和恢复时间、术后镇痛效果、血液动力学的变化及围术期应激反应的影响。方法:48例拟行单侧下肢手术的老年病人,随机分为腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞(NER)和硬膜外麻醉(EPI)。记录麻醉前,手术开始后15、30、45、60min,术后1h的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和心率(HR),以及感觉、运动神经阻滞起效及恢复时间、镇痛维持时间、效果及术前、术中、术毕的血浆皮质醇、血糖及胰岛素水平。结果:手术开始后15min,EPI组病人DBP降低明显,随后30、45、60min及术后1hEPI组病人的SBP、DBP均明显低于NER组;NER组感觉、运动神经阻滞起效时间均小于EPI组,恢复时间明显长于EPI组;两组血浆皮质醇、血糖、胰岛素均较术前明显升高,EPI组升高幅度小于NER组。结论:神经刺激器定位下行腰丛-坐骨神经联合阻滞,麻醉效果佳,且有效抑制应激反应。     

咪达唑仑与异丙酚对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者下肢手术循环和心率变异性的影响

目的 观察咪达唑仑、异丙酚在Ⅱ型糖尿病患者下肢手术镇静中循环和心率变异性(HRV)的变化。方法 40例在连续硬膜外麻醉下实施下肢手术，ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者，根据镇静药物的不同，随机分为两组：咪达唑仑组(M组，n=20)，异丙酚组(P组，n=20)，比较镇静前后循环和心率变异性的变化。结果 M组警觉，镇静评分(OAA／S)达3分后，低频(LF)、低频高频比(LF/HF)、总功率(TP)较基础值显著降低(P＜0．01)，且显著低于P组(P＜0．05～0．01)，HF无显著变化。P组LF、HF、TP均较基础值显著降低(P＜0．05～0．01)，LF／HF显著升高(P＜0．01)，HF显著低于M组(P＜0．01)，LF／HF较M组显著升高(P＜0．01)。结论 咪达唑仑主要抑制交感神经活性，有益于改善糖尿病患者迷走/交感神经的均衡性，为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者术中镇静的较安全用药。     

彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病患者下肢动脉血管病变的诊断意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对糖尿病患者下肢动脉血管病变的诊断作用与意义。方法应用彩色多普勒超声技术对169例2型糖尿病并动脉粥样硬化患者进行下肢动脉常规检查,并设非糖尿病动脉粥样硬化60例作为对照组。通过观察其下肢动脉管壁、管腔、内膜-中层膜及斑块大小、血流情况,对两组患者进行回顾性分析。结果研究组169例受检查者超声报告髂、股、腘下肢近端斑块者119例,占70.4%;胫前动脉、胫后动脉、腓动脉、足背动脉血管壁增厚、管腔狭窄、血流充盈异常者136例,占80.5%。对照组60例患者报告髂、股、腘动脉斑块者44例,占73.3%;胫前、后动脉、足背动脉远端血管异常者23例,占38.3%。结论糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化发病率高,起病早,进展快,病情严重且病变较早累及肢体远端血管,特别是膝盖以下血管。为预防和及时治疗肢端血管病变,减少糖尿病足的发生,尽早了解糖尿病患者下肢远端血管供血情况至关重要。彩色多普勒用于下肢血管检查简便,无创伤,且仪器敏感性在不断提高,可作为首选检查。     

Straight leg elevation to rule out pelvic injury

ObjectivePelvic x-ray is frequently used as a screening tool during initial assessment of injured patients. However routine use in the awake and alert blunt trauma patient may be questioned due to low yield. We propose a clinical tool that may avoid unnecessary imaging by examining whether the ability to straight leg raise, without pain, can rule out pelvic injury.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study with the exposure variables of ability to straight leg raise and presence of pain on doing so, and presence of pelvic fracture on x-ray as the primary outcome variable.ResultsOf the 328 participants, 35 had pelvic fractures, and of these 32 were either unable to straight leg raise, or had pain on doing so, with a sensitivity of 91.43% (95% CI: 76.94–98.2%) and a negative predictive value of 98.57% (95% CI: 95.88–99.70%). The 3 participants with a pelvic fracture who could straight leg raise with no pain, all had a GCS of less than 15, and therefore, among the sub-group of patients with GCS15, a 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value for straight leg raise with no pain to rule out pelvic fracture was demonstrated.ConclusionAmong awake, alert patients, painless straight leg raise can exclude pelvic fractures and be incorporated into initial examination during reception and resuscitation of injured patients.     

Association of Mild Leg Length Discrepancy and Degenerative Changes in the Hip Joint and Lumbar Spine

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between mild leg length discrepancy (LLD) and degenerative joint disease (DJD) or osteoarthritis.

应用逆行腓肠肌内外侧头肌皮瓣修复小腿中下1/3软组织缺损

目的 探讨逆行腓肠肌内、外侧头肌皮瓣修复小腿中下1/3软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2000年8月至2009年12月对下肢中、下1/3软组织缺损采用逆行侧腓肠肌内、外侧头肌皮瓣进行修复5例.结果 5例肌皮瓣成活,软组织缺损区形态与功能修复良好.结论 应用逆行腓肠肌内、外侧头肌皮瓣修复下肢中、下1/3软组织缺损操作简单、安全,疗效可靠.     

Gait and balance of transfemoral amputees using passive mechanical and microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees

BACKGROUND: Microprocessor-controlled knee joints appeared on the market a decade ago. These joints are more sophisticated and more expensive than mechanical ones. The literature is contradictory regarding changes in gait and balance when using these sophisticated devices. METHODS: This study employed a crossover design to assess the comparative performance of a passive mechanical knee prosthesis compared to a microprocessor-controlled knee joint in 15 subjects with an above-knee amputation. Objective measurements of gait and balance were obtained. RESULTS: Subjects demonstrated significantly improved gait characteristics after receiving the microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joint (p<0.01). Improvements in gait were a transition from a hyperextended knee to a flexed knee during loading response which resulted in a change from an internal knee flexor moment to a knee extensor moment. The participants' balance also improved (p<0.01). All conditions of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) demonstrated improvements in equilibrium score. The composite score also increased. CONCLUSIONS: Transfemoral amputees using a microprocessor-controlled knee have significant improvements in gait and balance.     

游离串联皮瓣修复小腿大面积软组织缺损的临床应用

伴受区血管受限小腿大面积软组织缺损的较好方法.     

Mathematical model for wound healing following autologous keratinocyte transplantation

In times of increasing economical pressure on the health care systems, it is important to optimise the outpatient treatment of chronic wounds. Another aim of wound healing research is to discover agents to accelerate healing. Wound healing trajectories or healing velocities can provide information to demonstrate the endpoints for wound healing. A great problem in clinical trials is to specify these parameters. Therefore, we developed a mathematical model for more transparency. In this initial project, we observed 19 wounds to construct the wound healing trajectories after transplantation of autologous keratinocytes, and the results are so encouraging that investigation in this area will continue. The developed mathematical model describes the clinical observed healing process. It was possible to find parameters to distinguish between old and young patients, retrospectively or prospectively calculate the healing rates and to determine exactly the endpoint of healing. Therefore, our model might be very useful in practices or for studies.