Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗太田痣1496例疗效分析

目的：回顾性分析Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗仪治疗太田痣的疗效和安全性。方法：分析2006年3月～2011年3月笔者科室运用Q开关激光仪治疗1496例太田痣患者的临床疗效,根据治疗前后照片进行对比分析。结果：1496例太田痣经4～10次治疗,痊愈1311例,显效132例,有效53例,总有效率为100%。12例出现一过性色素沉着,所有患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论：Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗太田痣安全、有效,治疗次数与疗效成正比相关,治疗次数越多,效果越好。     

经皮激光椎间盘减压术治疗颈椎椎间盘突出症

颈椎椎间盘突出症是以颈肩痛、四肢乏力、行走不稳，或头痛及眩晕为一组症状的疾病，经皮激光椎间盘减压术（percutaneous laser disc decompression，PLDD）是椎间盘突出症的微创治疗方法，1986年美国的Choy及德国的Ascher首先将该方法应用到临床，现将2000年11月至2008年1月收治的231例用PLDD方法治疗的经验总结如下。     

两步极体活检对小鼠卵母细胞体外受精和胚胎发育的影响

目的评价两步活检一、二极体对小鼠卵母细胞体外受精(IVF)和相应胚胎发育的影响。方法8～12周龄雌、雄昆明小鼠。雌鼠促排卵,取成熟卵母细胞行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI),序贯培养胚胎至囊胚孵出。分别于ICSI后激光透明带打孔活检第一极体,两步活检一、二极体,在受精后打孔同时活检一、二极体。比较各处理组与对照组受精、卵裂、优质胚胎、囊胚形成、扩张和孵出情况。结果两步活检一、二极体和同时活检一、二极体受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率和囊胚形成率与对照组均无明显差异。启动孵出率明显高于对照组;完全孵出率虽高于对照组,但无统计学意义。结论一、二极体活检不影响小鼠卵母细胞IVF和相应胚胎发育,而且可能有助于胚胎孵出,是安全可行的植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)活检取材方法,以两步活检法为最佳极体活检方案。     

激光加臭氧联合治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛初步研究

目的：评价联合应用经皮穿刺激光加臭氧对椎间盘源性下腰痛的治疗效果。方法：椎间盘源性下腰痛患者48例,男32例,女16例;年龄21～66岁,平均43.5岁;病程6个月以上。所有病例均在X线电视导向下联合应用经皮穿刺激光髓核消融加臭氧治疗。结果：术后随访无严重并发症发生。根据Macnab腰腿痛手术评价标准,术后1周时优8例,良28例,可8例,差4例,优良率75%;3个月时优17例,良23例,可6例,差2例,优良率83.3%;6个月时优20例,良22例,可4例,差2例,优良率87.5%;12个月时优21例,良22例,可4例,差1例,优良率89.6%。结论：联合应用经皮穿刺激光加臭氧治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的疗效确切。     

Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in patients with renal impairment

Objectives In this study, we try to evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium lasers for treatment of ureteric stones in patients with renal impairment or obstructive anuria. Patients and methods Twenty-six patients were included in this study, of which 20 patients presented with elevated blood urea and serum creatinine (2.1–7.6 mg%), and six patients presented with calcular anuria (mean serum creatinine 22 mg%). None of the patients had a ureteric stent or nephrostomy tube before the ureteroscopy. All patients were treated with holmium laser. A stone basket or grasper was used to remove significant stone fragments at the end of the procedure in seven patients. In these seven patients, ureteric stents were placed at the end of the procedure. Results All patients were free of any stone fragments at 1 week and at 3 months postoperatively. In all patients, including the six with obstructive anuria, the renal impairment resolved or improved as evidenced by normalization or fall in blood urea and creatinine. Thus, in this small group of uremic patients, the success rate for treatment of ureteral stone was 100%. Conclusions A holmium laser is a safe and effective modality of ureteroscopic lithotripsy in patients with significant renal impairment or even obstructive anuria. The use of holmium laser with ureteroscopy may be considered in this group of patients as long as the general condition of the patient permits the safe administration of anesthesia.     

激光间质热治疗对大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨激光间质内热疗（ILTT）是否诱导大鼠C6脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡。方法：SD大鼠70只,尾状核接种C6鼠脑胶质瘤细胞20d,随机分为：空白对照组,实验对照组和ILTT后2,6,12,24,48h实验组,每组10只。ILTT后不同时段按不同的检测要求保存标本。电镜观察,流式细胞仪分析和脱氧核苷酸转移酶（TdT)原位末端标记（TUNEL)法分析ILTT诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用。结果：电镜观察其呈现典型的凋亡形态学变化,可见凋亡小体形成;TdT原位末端标记显示凋亡发生在ILTT效应灶周边部,流式细胞仪检查ILTT后6h为凋亡发生的高峰时间（19．4％）;24h明显下降（2．2％）;48h与对照组差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：ILTT确能诱导C6细胞凋亡。     

Excimer laser revascularisation: current indications, applications and techniques

. The ultraviolet pulsed excimer laser (308 nm wavelength) is currently the only laser approved by the FDA for percutaneous intervention in patients with ischemic coronary artery disease. The clinical presentation of the treated patients varies from stable and unstable angina to acute myocardial infarction. Potential advantages of excimer laser revascularisation in acute coronary syndromes and in ischaemic obstructive peripheral vascular disease include concomitant plaque debulking and thrombus removal; absence of systemic lytic state; shortened thrombus clearing time and facilitation of adjunct balloon angioplasty and stenting. Improved understanding of laser–tissue interactions and positive clinical outcomes through the use of safe lasing techniques have led to expansion of indications/applications for laser angioplasty. These include stent restenosis, complex lesions and thrombotic stenoses, bifurcation lesions, balloon failure, total occlusions, focal saphenous vein graft lesions and peripheral arterial obstructions. The excimer laser can be effectively utilised in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and does not require implantation of a temporary pacemaker as no-reflow phenomenon and severe arrhythmias are rarely encountered. Careful case selection, proper utilisation of equipment and incorporation of efficient lasing techniques play a crucial role in effective and safe cardiovascular laser applications.     

Laser Punch-Out for Acne Scars

Patients with acne scars want smooth facial skin. However, achieving this is difficult with dermabrasion or chemical peeling. Nor can acne scars be covered with cosmetics, due to their ice-picked or cobblestone appearance. Laser resurfacing is more effective and safer than other conventional methods due to its precision with depth control and variable methods of surface cutting. Even depth resurfacing with a laser shows unsatisfactory results, therefore, for the deep-sited acne scar the cutting methods have to be changed according to the depth and pattern of the scar. For 2 years, starting in January 1996, we treated 71 patients with a high-powered CO₂ laser (Ultrapulse). Different resurfacing methods were applied according to the depth and pattern of the scars. For mild depressed scars, even depth resurfacing was done. For moderate-depth acne scars, the shoulder technique was also used. For the deepest and ice-picked scars, the laser punch-out was combined. Laser resurfacing was carried out at 300–500 mJ, with two to five passes. Laser punch-out was done at 500 mJ, with three to seven continuous passes on the ice-picked scar. From the pathologic findings of acne scars showing that there was thick intradermal scar, we knew that laser punch-out was necessary for improvement of acne scars. Depth-wide, the ice-picked scars improved by over 80% and the sharp demarcated margin of the acne scar faded out. Most of the patients with acne scars were satisfied with laser resurfacing. Only six patients had a second laser treatment, with an interval of 12 months. There were no hypertrophic scars after laser resurfacing, but erythema lasted for 3–12 months. Patients taking oral retinoic acid were not contraindicated for laser resurfacing but required special caution because they had atrophic skin and delayed wound healing. Laser resurfacing is the most versatile method for acne scars, with a high-powered CO₂ laser. The laser punch-out method is better than even depth resurfacing for improving deep acne scars and can be combined with the shoulder technique or even depth resurfacing according to the type of acne scar.     

Laser Doppler velocimetry and flow visualization studies in the regurgitant leakage flow region of three mechanical mitral valves

Streak line flow visualization and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) were conducted in the regurgitant leakage flow region of 3 mechanical heart valve types: CarboMedics, Medtronic Hall, and St. Jude Medical. Streak line flow visualization identified regions of high regurgitant flow, and LDV measurements were focused on those locations. Maximum regurgitant flow velocities after valve closure ranged from 0.7 to 2.6 m/s, and maximum Reynolds shear stress after valve closure ranged from 450 to 3,600 dyne/cm2. These data indicate that leakage flows can generate turbulent jets with elevated Reynolds stresses even in bileaflet valves.     

经皮激光腰椎间盘减压术后腰椎关节突关节和椎间高度的变化

目的：观察经皮激光椎间盘减压术（percutaneous laser disc decompression，PLDD）治疗腰椎间盘突出症术后腰椎关节突关节和椎间高度的变化。方法：应用半导体激光系统对32例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行PLDD治疗。29例患者为单节段突出，其中L3/4 3例，L4／5 18例，L5/S1 8例；3例患者同时合并IA／5和L5/S1节段突出。利用Macnab标准评价随访患者的疗效，并观察术前、术后椎间盘突出节段关节突关节角的形态，测量L3，4、L4/5和L5／S1椎间高度指数和椎间盘突出节段关节突关节角的角度。结果：所有患者无术中和术后并发症。随访14～22个月，平均17个月，按Macnab标准评价：优14例（43．75％），良13例（40．63％）；可3例（9．37％），差2例（6．25％），优良率84．38％。术后L5/S1椎间高度指数与术前相比显著性下降（P〈0．05），但L3/4和L4／5椎间高度指数无显著性改变；关节突关节无明显退变；L4／5和L5／S1椎间盘突出侧的关节突关节角角度显著性下降（P〈0．05），但L3/4椎间盘突出侧的关节突关节角度无显著性改变。结论：经皮激光腰椎间盘减压术后患者的L5／S1椎间高度和腰椎间盘突出侧关节突关节角角度下降．有可能增加腰椎滑脱的风险。