四君子汤对FCIR大鼠大脑皮质神经保护作用的实验研究

目的：探讨四君子汤对局灶性脑缺血再灌注（focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,FCIR）大鼠大脑皮质神经保护作用的机制。方法将48只SD雄性大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、尼莫地平组（10.80 mg/kg）、四君子汤组（6 g/kg）,每组12只。运用大脑中动脉栓塞法制备大鼠FCIR模型,对照组和模型组给予生理盐水,其它各组则用相应药物连续灌胃14 d。运用Zea-Longa 5级评分法评定FCIR大鼠神经功能,免疫组化检测层粘连蛋白（laminin,LN）、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1,TIMP1）和基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinases 9, MMP9）表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组神经功能评分显著增加（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,四君子汤组、尼莫地平组神经功能评分均明显减少（P<0.01）,且四君子汤组、尼莫地平组组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。模型组大脑皮质LN阳性表达明显低于对照组（P<0.01）,四君子汤和尼莫地平组LN阳性表达明显高于模型组（P<0.01）。模型组大脑皮质TIMP1、MMP9阳性表达明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。四君子汤和尼莫地平组TIMP1阳性表达明显高于模型组（P<0.01）,而MMP9阳性表达明显低于模型组（P<0.01）。结论四君子汤可能通过促进LN和 TIMP1表达,抑制MMP9表达,减轻大鼠的神经功能症状,进而对FCIR大鼠大脑皮质起到神经保护作用。     

Structural and functional characterisation of ferret interleukin-2

While the ferret is a valuable animal model for a number of human viral infections, such as influenza, Hendra and Nipah, evaluating the cellular immune response following infection has been hampered by the lack of a number of species-specific immunological reagents. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is one such key cytokine. Ferret recombinant IL-2 incorporating a C-terminal histidine tag was expressed and purified and the three-dimensional structure solved and refined at 1.89 Å by X-ray crystallography, which represents the highest resolution and first non-human IL-2 structure. While ferret IL-2 displays the classic cytokine fold of the four-helix bundle structure, conformational flexibility was observed at the second helix and its neighbouring region in the bundle, which may result in the disruption of the spatial arrangement of residues involved in receptor binding interactions, implicating subtle differences between ferret and human IL-2 when initiating biological functions. Ferret recombinant IL-2 stimulated the proliferation of ferret lymph node cells and induced the expression of mRNA for IFN-γ and Granzyme A.     

Repopulating activities of human cord blood cells separated by a stem cell collection filter in NOD/SCID mice: a comparative study of filter method and HES method

BACKGROUND: Volume reduction and removal of RBCs are essential for cost-efficient cord blood (CB) banking. It has previously been shown that a newly developed device, a stem cell-collection filter (SCCF), can reduce the CB volume and remove RBCs efficiently, giving high recovery rates for CD34+ cells, colony-forming cells, and long-term culture-initiating cells with short operation time. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of CB cells separated by SCCF and HES by analyzing repopulation in NOD/SCID mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(6) nucleated cells derived from SCCF- or HES-separated, cryopreserved, thawed, and washed CB were transplanted into NOD/SCID mice. Eight weeks after transplantation, bone marrow cells of the recipient mice were examined by flow cytometry and hematopoietic progenitor assay for the engraftment of human cells. RESULTS: Mice given human CB cells, separated by SCCF, showed degrees of engraftment similar to those in mice given HES-separated CB cells. There was no significant difference in the lymphohematopoietic reconstitution pattern in the two groups of mice. CONCLUSION: SCCF processing does not appear to reduce the number of repopulating cells in NOD/SCID mice or alter the number of HPCs. It is now shown that these cells can be captured by SCCF and removed, and that they will engraft.     

The burden of chronic kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide epidemiologic study

ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on major clinical outcome in SLE by using a nationwide database.Patients and methodsCharacteristics of all admitted SLE patients experiencing CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in France from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed through the French medico- administrative database. Factors associated with CKD and major clinical outcomes such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular event (CVE), septic shock and death were assessed. We used a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model and subdistribution hazard models to analyze survival without major clinical events according to the presence of CKD.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2015, 26,320 SLE patients were hospitalized in France. Among them, 6439 (86.5% women; mean age 45.7 [16.5] years old) had a baseline stay in 2009 during which CKD was reported in 428 (6.7%) cases. Multivariate analysis showed that lupus nephritis (OR 6.6 [5.2–8.4]), high blood pressure (OR 3.5 [2.8–4.5]), septic shock (OR 3.2 [1.7–6.0]) and past cardiovascular history (OR 1.4 [1.0–2.0]) were associated with CKD status. From 2009 to 2015, ESRD, CVE, septic shock, and death occurred in 4.0%, 14.4%, 6.3% and 9.6% of the 6439 SLE patients. CKD at baseline was independently and strongly associated with the occurrence of ESRD (sdHR 15.9 [11.6–21.9]), CVE (sdHR 1.7 [1.4–2.2]), septic shock (sdHR 2.1 [1.5–2.8]) and death (HR 1.7 [1.3–2.2]) during the follow up.ConclusionCKD is a major risk factor for overall morbidity and mortality in SLE patients, highlighting the need for early pre-CKD lupus nephritis diagnosis and treatment.     

超声评估乳癌患者腋下淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的:通过对乳癌原发灶的灰阶超声,彩色多普勒(Color Doppler Flow Imaging,CDFI),频谱多普勒检查,评估腋下淋巴结有无转移。方法:术前运用超声检测122例乳癌患者原发灶的声学特性,术后根据腋下淋巴结有无转移分为两组,比较两组间年龄,原发灶的部位(象限分布),大小,内部回声,有无卫星灶,CDFI,频谱多普勒有无显著差异。结果:患者的年龄,内部回声,有无卫星灶,两组间无显著性差异;原发灶的大小,部位两组间有显著差异;CDFI显示:腋下淋巴结阳性组原发灶内血流比阴性组丰富(P<0.05);频谱多普勒显示:阳性组峰值流速(Vmax)高于阴性组(P<0.01),其中Vmax>33cm/s的14例患者腋下淋巴结均呈阳性。阻力指数(RI):两组间无显著差异,但如把RI=1的8位患者单独列组,两组间有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:运用灰阶超声、多谱勒超声评价癌肿的声学特性,对判断腋下淋巴结状态,指导临床治疗,有一定帮助。