单侧入路椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折临床研究

目的：探讨单侧入路椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法：将15例老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者,行单侧入路穿刺椎体后凸成形术。记录手术时间和透视次数,观察术后患者背痛缓解程度及日常活动恢复情况,比较术前、术后伤椎高度和脊柱后凸畸形Cobb’S角。结果：15例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间25～43min,平均28．6min;透视次数15～23次,平均19．8次;术后伤椎前部、中部高度,脊柱后凸畸形Cobb’S角与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后24h患者背痛均明显缓解,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。患者均能在术后次日下床行走,未发现神经损伤等手术并发症。结论：单侧入路穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术能有效地治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折,且操作简便、安全,能明显地减少患者和术者的放射暴露。     

椎体后凸成形术与保守治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的对比研究

目的通过临床对比研究分析椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法 2006年3月-2007年8月,收治60例骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者。其中40例选择椎体后凸成形术治疗(试验组),20例选择保守治疗(对照组)。试验组:男6例,女34例;年龄56～78岁,平均68.7岁。病程10～18个月,平均12个月。骨折涉及73个椎体。对照组:男5例,女15例;年龄57～80岁,平均70.1岁。病程9～16个月,平均13个月。骨折涉及41个椎体。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、欧洲脊柱骨质疏松症研究(EVOS)问卷评分,以及伤椎前中柱椎体高度、后凸Cobb角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果试验组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无骨水泥渗漏。两组患者均获随访,随访时间36～38个月。试验组治疗后1～3 d及12、36个月VAS评分、EVOS评分、伤椎前中柱椎体高度及后凸Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P<0.05);对照组治疗后以上指标与术前比较无改善(P>0.05)。治疗后12、36个月,试验组以上指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后36个月,对照组患者新发脊柱骨折发生率高于试验组(χ2=16.347,P=0.015)。结论椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折后,疼痛症状可明显缓解,活动功能恢复,且新发脊柱骨折发生率较保守治疗低。     

球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法2004年12月～2006年12月采用球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗30例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,共44个伤椎,其中男13例19个伤椎,女17例25个伤椎;年龄66～83岁,平均72岁;骨折部位为T7～L5椎体,术前CT显示椎体后壁均完整.结果30例患者均手术顺利,3例3个椎体前缘有少许未引起临床症状的骨水泥渗漏,其余椎体X线片上均未见明显骨水泥渗漏.所有患者术后48h内疼痛明显减轻或消失并可下床活动,住院4～12 d.随访6～24个月,平均14个月,术前平均疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为8.6±0.2分,术后为2.0±0.3分,末次随访时为2.1±0.2分,术后评分显著低于术前(P＜0.01);Oswestry功能评分由术前43.1±1.1分降低到术后20.3±1.2分和末次随访21.1±1.2分(P＜0.01);伤椎前、中柱的平均高度由术前15.1±1.8mm增加到术后24.3±2.1 mm和末次随访24.4±1.8 mm,手术前后差异有显著性(P＜0.05).脊柱后凸Cobb角由术前平均21.2°±4.3°减小到术后10.1°±3.2°和末次随访10.2°±3.3°(P＜0.05).结论球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术可有效恢复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体的高度,缓解疼痛,改善患者的脊柱功能及减少骨水泥渗漏,临床疗效满意.     

Intervertebral bridging ossification after kyphoplasty in a Parkinson’s patient with Kummell’s disease: A case report

BACKGROUNDThe short-term therapeutic efficacy of kyphoplasty on Kummell’s disease is obvious. However, postoperative refracture and adjacent vertebral fracture occur occasionally and are difficult to treat. Parkinson''s disease (PD) is a pathological disorder associated with heterotopic ossification. In a patient with PD, an intervertebral bridge was formed in a short period of time after postoperative refracture and adjacent vertebral fracture, providing new stability.CASE SUMMARYA 78-year-old woman had been suffering from PD for more than 10 years. Three months before operation, she developed lower back pain and discomfort. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was 9 points. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicated collapse of the L2 vertebra. Kyphoplasty was performed and significantly decreased the severity of intractable pain. The patient’s VAS score for pain improved from 9 to 2. Fifty days postoperatively, the patient suddenly developed severe back pain, and the VAS score was 9 points. X-ray showed L2 vertebral body collapse, slight forward bone cement displacement, L1 vertebral compression fracture, and severe L1 collapse. The patient was given calcium acetate capsules 0.6 g po qd and alfacalcidol 0.5ug po qd, and bed rest and brace protection were ordered. After conservative treatment for 2 mo, the patient''s back pain was alleviated, and the VAS score improved from 9 to 2. Computed tomography at the 7-mo follow-up indicated extensive callus formation around the T12-L2 vertebrae and intervertebral bridging ossification, providing new stability.CONCLUSIONKyphoplasty is currently a conventional treatment for Kummell''s disease, with definite short-term effects. However, complications still occur in the long term, and these complications are difficult to address; thus, the treatment needs to be selected carefully. To avoid refracture, an interlaced structure of bone cement with trabeculae should be created to the greatest extent possible during the injection of bone cement. Surgical intervention may not be urgently needed when a patient with PD experiences refracture and adjacent vertebral fracture, as a strong bridge may help stabilize the vertebrae and relieve pain.     

骨水泥和骨泰应用于椎体后凸成形术的实验研究

目的探讨骨水泥（PMMA）和注射性骨泰（CPC）在椎体后凸成术中对不同骨密度椎体的生物力学恢复情况。方法选60个椎体，按骨密度分正常对照组、轻中度和重度骨质疏松组，即A、B、C组。测高后轴向加载，压缩椎体高度25％，得出初始压缩强度和刚度。行椎体后凸成形术后（记球囊扩张体积），随机注入PMMA或CPC，观察外渗情况及注入量。同术前测高压缩，确定术后压缩强度和刚度。结果A组CPC和PMMA材料未能恢复椎体的初始压缩强度和刚度（P〈0．05）；B组中均恢复，而C组中刚度均恢复（P〉0．05）。所有标本未发现骨水泥外渗，术后椎体高度恢复CPC组为95．3％；PMMA组为95．2％。结论CPC可作为PKP术中PMMA的替换材料，尤其是在年青患者中，但需临床和实验进一步论证。     

低压力应用单一球囊治疗多椎体骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折

目的探讨低压力应用单一球囊治疗多个椎体骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效。方法共治疗13例患者37个椎体,均为女性,年龄65～79岁,平均72.3岁。均为骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折,压缩骨折椎体后壁均完整。在C型臂X线机引导下行单一球囊多椎体后凸成形术。结果13例手术顺利完成。椎体前缘、中部及后缘平均高度分别由术前的(1.9±0.5)cm,(1.5±0.5)cm,(2.6±0.5)cm增至术后的(2.1±0.4)cm,(2.2±0.4)cm,(2.8±0.5)cm,椎体前缘、中部高度差异有显著统计学意义,P值均小于0.01。Cobb角由术前的(31.3±14.1)°矫正至术后的(24.8±11.3)°。术后平均随访17.3个月,患者疼痛均较术前改善或消失,无临床并发症发生。结论通过降低球囊扩张压力,避免了球囊破损,为患者减少了经济负担。同时,骨水泥填充量相应减小,减少了骨水泥渗漏,又可以避免因大幅度提高患椎弹性模量和刚度造成相邻椎体压缩骨折。     

微创复位椎体后凸成形治疗重度骨质疏松性脊柱骨折

目的探讨微创复位椎体后凸成形(MIRKP)治疗重度骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法11例12个椎体骨质疏松、楔形压缩或爆裂性骨折,经CT、MRI检查后判断椎体后缘骨块突入椎管内的程度及脊髓有无受压后,单侧微创复位恢复椎体高度,另一侧行经皮穿刺,并C型臂X线机定位后注入骨水泥。结果8例Frankel神经分类D级均恢复至E级;Cobb角平均恢复15°;椎管骨块侵占率平均减少21%;平均灌注骨水泥5.2ml。随访平均7.6个月,未发现手术并发症及椎体高度的丢失。结论MIRKP治疗骨质疏松性脊柱骨折安全、有效,对严重骨质疏松性脊柱骨折有很好的疗效。     

Comparison of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the treatment of fresh vertebral compression fractures

Introduction  As life expectancy in the population rises, osteoporotic fractures are seen most frequently in the proximal femur and the vertebral column. In balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, we have two minimally invasive treatment procedures available. Although they have both been controversially discussed in studies, they have seldom been directly compared. Materials and methods  Between 2002 and 2004, patients with fresh thoracic or lumbar single-segment vertebral compression fractures not involving neurological deficits were treated by balloon kyphoplasty (n = 30) or vertebroplasty(n = 30) using PMMA cement, and the results of the two interventions were compared in a prospective, nonrandomised cohort study. Surgery was indicated when patients had painful, dislocated fractures of type A1 and type A3 according to Magerl’s classification. The outcome of treatment was assessed with special reference to the angle of kyphosis, back pain (VAS), health-related quality of life (SF-36) and complications. Results  At the time of the follow-up examination, significant improvement in the angle of kyphosis was found to have been achieved both by kyphoplasty and by vertebroplasty (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Comparison showed that correction of the angle was significantly (P < 0.001) better in the kyphoplasty group. Both surgical procedures led to significant (P < 0.001) attenuation of the patients’ pain; no difference was observed between the groups in the degree of pain relief achieved. There was no demonstrable correlation in either group between the preoperative pain experienced by the patients and the degree of dislocation of their fractures. In both study groups, the quality of life was in keeping with that of a reference group matched for age and sex. Cement leakage was observed in 7% of patients after kyphoplasty and in 33% of patients after vertebroplasty (P = 0.021). Adjacent-level fractures were checked for, but occurred in only one patient in the vertebroplasty group. Conclusion  The two surgical procedures were both followed by significant pain relief, and the quality of life was similar regardless of the procedure used. Balloon kyphoplasty led to an ongoing reduction of freshly fractured vertebrae and was followed by a lower rate of cement leakage.     

单侧与双侧椎体后凸成形术治疗多椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折疗效分析

目的 分析单侧与双侧球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(KP)治疗多椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的疗效.方法 对2002年5月至2007年6月,采用KP治疗并且获得1年以上随访的41例多椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,按手术是单侧或双侧进行分组.单侧手术组17例40个椎体,其中男性3例,女性14例;年龄52～91岁,平均70.4岁.双侧手术组24例53个椎体,其中男性4例,女性20例;年龄61～87岁,平均72.4岁.所有患者均在"C"型臂X线机引导下,经皮穿刺完成手术.术后观察症状改善、骨折复位及后凸矫正、并发症发生等情况,并进行统计学对比分析.结果 所有患者手术均顺利完成.单侧手术组平均手术时间(86±32)min,平均每椎体注射骨水泥(3.9±1.6)ml,术后平均随访(32.5±17.2)个月;双侧手术组平均手术时间(120±26)min,平均每椎体注射骨水泥(5.4±2.1)ml,术后平均随访(30.7±14.3)个月.疼痛VAS评分:单侧手术组术前为7.4±2.1,术后为2.7±1.9,末次随访为3.1±2.2,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);双侧手术组术前为7.9 ±2.1,术后为2.3±2.5,末次随访为2.7±2.2,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组术后椎体前缘、中部高度均比术前有显著增加,且维持至末次随访,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).椎体后凸角单侧手术组平均矫正7.2°±4.9°,双侧手术组平均矫正7.3°±5.9°,各组手术前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而两组间上述各指标对应比较,差异无统计学意义.两组术后SF-36生命质量调查表8个领域中有6个显著提高.41例中发生骨水泥渗漏6例,肺栓塞1例.结论 单侧或双侧KP治疗多椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折均可获得满意的治疗效果.     

Surgical kyphoplasty for management of axis metastasis: technical note kyphoplastie de C2

C2 vertebral metastases are seldom encountered. They usually cause disabling pain at the upper cervical level and can also result in life-threatening spinal instability. The technique described herein may provide a valuable minimally invasive option for treating this condition. We report a case of C2 metastasis resulting from gastric adenocarcinoma in a 58-year-old male; since there was no spinal instability, open kyphoplasty was performed at C2, resulting in the healing of the body and the base of the odontoid of the C2 vertebra. The X-ray follow-up more than six months after surgery confirmed the absence of any spinal instability at the craniocervical junction. Open kyphoplasty at C2 provides a means to manage a metastasis located in the body of the C2 vertebra. This method maintains the rotatory function of the upper cervical spine, which seems to be a crucial factor, given the poor prognosis usually associated with this condition.