髁间窝螺钉联合钢板固定治疗Letenneur Ⅲ型Hoffa骨折

目的 :探讨髁间窝螺钉联合钢板固定治疗LetenneurⅢ型Hoffa骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2005年3月至2014年12月采用髁间窝螺钉联合钢板固定治疗Hoffa骨折7例,男5例,女2例;年龄27~68岁,平均42.6岁。外侧髁5例,内侧髁2例。均为闭合骨折。按照Letenneur骨折分型,均为Ⅲ型骨折。观察其骨折愈合及术后并发症情况,并采用Letenneur标准对其疗效进行评价。结果:7例患者获得随访,时间13~26个月,平均17.8个月。所有骨折获得骨性愈合,愈合时间9~15周,平均12.4周。术后无感染、骨折不愈合及骨坏死发生。膝关节功能参照Letenneur评估标准,优6例,可1例。结论:髁间窝螺钉联合钢板固定治疗LetenneurⅢ型Hoffa骨折是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,可以增加骨折固定稳定性,促进骨折愈合,有利于早期功能锻炼,改善膝关节功能。     

Experiences with pins and rubber band traction in the treatment of proximal interphalangeal joint contracture

BACKGROUND:

Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) contracture is a difficult problem to treat regardless of etiology. Although numerous interventions have been recommended, published results are mediocre at best.

OBJECTIVE:

The authors describe their experience and results of using a modification of pins and rubber band traction (PRBT) – applying a dynamic extension apparatus to a contracted PIPJ using the constant traction force in a stretched rubber (elastic) band.

METHOD:

A retrospective review of patients treated with this method was performed, and the results are presented. The technique itself is described, and clinical photographs illustrate the method.

RESULTS:

Mean PIPJ flexion contracture before PRBT was 82° (range 60° to 110°). The full correction of eight contracted PIPJs in seven patients was achieved, in a mean of 17.8 days (range 14 to 31 days). At one month postremoval of PRBT, the mean PIPJ flexion contracture was 22.8° (range 0° to 46°).

DISCUSSION:

The method is compared with previously described methods of PIPJ contracture correction, whether surgical or splinting; the latter may be static, dynamic or a combination of the two. The results of previously published studies are discussed and compared with the method described.

CONCLUSION:

The present method is a powerful and effective simplification of a previously described method of correcting PIPJ contractures. This technique is simple, ‘low-tech’ and can be applied under local anesthetic; the authors believe it offers a useful adjunct to surgical release.     

梯度洗脱联合波长切换HPLC法同时测定豨莶风湿丸中的豨莶苷、奇壬醇、豨莶精醇、防己诺林碱和粉防己碱

目的 建立梯度洗脱联合波长切换HPLC法同时测定稀莶风湿丸中稀莶苷、奇壬醇、稀莶精醇、防己诺林碱和粉防己碱.方法 采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm),以流动相A:乙腈-甲醇(2∶1)、流动相B:0.05％冰醋酸溶液进行梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/min;样量为20 μL;豨莶苷、奇壬醇和稀莶精醇检测波长为215 nm,防己诺林碱和粉防己碱检测波长为280 nm.结果 豨莶苷、奇壬醇、稀莶精醇、防己诺林碱和粉防己碱在给定浓度范围内的线性范围分别为6.45～129.00 μg/mL(r=0.999 5)、5.61～112.20 μg/mL(r=-0.999 9)、4.25～85.00 μg/mL(r=0.999 3)、9.19～183.80 μg/mL(r=0.999 8)和11.05～221.00 μg/mL(r=0.999 7),线性关系良好;平均加样回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)值分别为98.73％(1.43％)、97.63％(1.28％)、99.44％(1.29％)、98.33％(1.38％)、97.36％ (1.37％).结论 建立的梯度洗脱联合波长切换HPLC法能同时测定豨莶风湿丸中稀莶苷、奇壬醇、稀莶精醇、防己诺林碱和粉防己碱含量,方法简便、准确、重现性好,为稀莶风湿丸质量控制提供了可靠方法.     

单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的临床研究

目的评价单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的临床疗效,探讨其手术适应证、手术技术及假体选择。方法回顾性分析行单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的43例患者的临床资料,根据术中选用的单髁假体不同分为Oxford假体组（17例,18膝）和Zuk假体组（26例,27膝）,观察比较两组患者手术前后美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）、术后并发症发生情况及对手术疗效的主观满意度。结果患者术后随访18～46个月。手术前后两组患者KSS评分比较均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）;组内比较,两组患者术后KSS评分均高于术前（均P＜0.05）。两组患者在随访期间均无假体松动、下沉等并发症发生,且对手术疗效的主观满意度均较高。结论单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎近期临床疗效满意。Oxford和Zuk假体近期临床结果相当,手术创伤小,并发症少,患者易接受。     

火针高选择性去隐神经关节支及腓总神经关节支治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的：：观察火针选择性去隐神经关节支及腓总神经关节支治疗膝骨关节炎的有效性。方法：将60例临床诊断为膝骨关节炎的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用火针高选择性去隐神经关节支及腓总神经关节支,对照组采用隐神经关节支及腓总神经关节支神经阻滞治疗,评价治疗前、治疗3周后及治疗后3个月时VAS评分和西安大略和麦克马斯特大学关节炎指数( WOMAC )评分,并记录治疗过程中有无并发症。结果：治疗组在改善关节疼痛、僵硬和功能方面明显优于对照组( P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论：火针高选择性去隐神经关节支及腓总神经关节支治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效优于单纯神经阻滞治疗。     

The effect of tibiofemoral loading on proximal tibiofibular joint motion

The human proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) and its relationship to overall knee joint mechanics have been largely unexplored. This study describes force/displacement data from experiments done on four human cadaveric knee specimens and general conclusions obtained with the help of a statistical modeling technique. Specimens were rigidly affixed at the tibia to a force plate and the femur was attached to a custom made device allowing for manual load application. Motion of the fibular head was tracked relative to the tibial plateau by means of reflective markers and a high speed digital camera synchronized with the force plate data stream. Each specimen was subjected to a range of loading conditions and a quadratic regression model was created and then used to predict the specimen's response to standardized loading conditions and compare these across specimens. Statistical analysis was performed with a three-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures. Proximal tibiofibular joint motion was largest in the anterior-posterior direction with translations of 1-3 mm observed during a range of physiological loading conditions. The applied internal-external rotation moment had a significant effect on proximal tibiofibular joint translation (P < 0.05). Effects of varus-valgus loading and flexion angle were seen in some specimens. This study demonstrates that substantial proximal tibiofibular joint motion can occur in physiologic loading states. Preservation of proximal tibiofibular joint function, and anatomical variations which affect this function, may need to be considered when designing surgical procedures for the knee joint.     

Mathematical models of passive motion at the human ankle joint by equivalent spatial parallel mechanisms

The paper presents a theoretical model of the ankle joint, i.e. tibio-talar articulation, which shows how the articular surfaces and the ligaments, acting together as a mechanism, can control the passive kinematics of the joint. The authors had previously shown that, in virtually unloaded conditions, the ankle behaves as a single degree-of-freedom system, and that two ligament fibres remain nearly isometric throughout the flexion arc. Two different equivalent spatial parallel mechanisms together with corresponding kinematic models were formulated. These assumed isometricity of fibres within the calcaneal-fibular and tibio-calcaneal ligaments and rigidity of the articulating surfaces, taken as three sphere-plane contacts in one model, and as a single spherical pair in the other. Geometry parameters for the models were obtained from three specimens. Motion predictions compare quite well with the measured motion of the specimens. The differences are accounted for by the simplifications adopted to represent the complex anatomical structures, and might be reduced by future more realistic representations of the natural articular surfaces.     

Variability of quadriceps femoris motor neuron discharge and muscle force in human aging

The purpose was to determine the contribution of visual feedback and the effect of aging on the variability of knee extensor (KE) muscle force and motor unit (MU) discharge. Single MUs were recorded during two types of isometric trials, (1) visual feedback provided (VIS) and then removed (NOVIS) during the trial (34 MUs from young, 32 from elderly), and (2) only NOVIS (66 MUs from young, 77 from elderly) during the trial. Recruitment threshold (RT) ranged from 0–37% MVC. Standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of muscle force and MU interspike interval (ISI) was measured during steady contractions at target forces ranging from 0.3 to 54% MVC. Force drift (<0.5 Hz) was removed before analysis. VIS/NOVIS trials: the decrease in the CV of ISI from VIS to NOVIS was greater for MUs from elderly (12.5 ± 4.1 to 9.94 ± 2.6%) than young (10.6 ± 3.3 to 10.3 ± 2.8%, age group × vision interaction, P = 0.006). The change in CV of force from VIS to NOVIS was significantly greater for elderly (1.45 to 1.05%) than young (1.42 to 1.41%). NOVIS only trials: for all MUs, the average RT (6.6 ± 7.7 % MVC), target force above RT (1.20 ± 2.7% MVC), SD of ISI (0.012 ± 0.005 s), and CV of ISI (11.1 ± 3.3%) were similar for young and elderly MUs. The CV of force was similar between age groups for trials between 0 and 3% MVC (1.74 ± 0.74%) and was greater for young subjects from 3 to 10% MVC (1.47 ± 0.5 vs. 1.21 ± 0.4%) and >10% MVC (1.44 ± 0.6 vs. 1.01 ± 0.3%). The CV of ISI was similar between age groups for MUs in 0–3, 3–10, and >10% bins of RT. Thus, the contribution of visuomotor correction to the variability of motor unit discharge and force is greater for elderly adults. The presence of visual feedback appears to be necessary to find greater discharge variability in motor units from the knee extensors of elderly adults.     

A novel computer-assisted surgical technique for revision total knee arthroplasty

Revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) is a skill-demanding intervention presenting several technical challenges to the surgeon due to bone deficiencies and lack of anatomical references. Computer-assisted navigation systems can potentially solve these problems. An innovative computer-assisted surgical technique for RTKA is presented. The system is image free. Based on anatomical landmarks acquired on the patient, the system automatically plans the intervention, and provides the surgeon with tools to analyse and modify the proposed plan and to accurately reproduce it on the patient. Although we performed few cases with this navigated procedure, early results obtained demonstrated to be very promising.     

膝骨性关节炎患者平衡功能障碍及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨膝骨性关节炎（KOA）患者平衡功能及其相关影响因素。方法 选取2014年12月至2017年9月合肥市第二人民医院骨科收治的单膝受累30例KOA患者为观察对象,采用平衡测试仪对患者进行平衡功能检测,比较健、患侧测试完成耗时及平均轨迹误差,收集患者体质量指数、K-L分级、疼痛指数、美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）等指标,利用多元回归分析上述指标对患者平衡功能的影响。结果 患者健、患侧平衡指标比较,患侧平均轨迹误差值（46.63±25.30）%大于健侧值（40.77±23.85）%,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.299,P<0.05）;多元回归分析示：KSS临床评分对睁眼时前-后平均运动速度（t=-2.593,P<0.05）及重心摆动轨迹长度（t=-2.178,P<0.05）的影响具有统计学意义,对两者变异的解释比例分别为19%、15%,而疼痛指数对闭眼轨迹长度/睁眼轨迹长度比（Romberg值长度比）的影响具有统计学意义（t=-2.641,P<0.05）,解释比例为20%。结论 KOA患者存在平衡功能障碍;膝关节疼痛指数及KSS临床评分对于评估KOA患者平衡功能障碍具有重要意义。