尿毒症肾移植患者围手术期人巨细胞病毒基因检测及意义

目的探讨尿毒症患者肾移植围手术期人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)基因检测的意义。方法肾移植患者外周血标本56例,健康对照组外周血标本15例。采用荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)技术测定标本中HCMV基因拷贝数,结合临床表现进行综合分析。结果56例患者术前HCMV异常表达21例(37.5%),男17例,女4例,检测值(3.84±2.72)×104基因拷贝数/ml;移植术后异常表达增至25例(44.6%),检测值(5.32±4.72)×104基因拷贝数/ml。对照组15例,异常表达1例(6.7%)。结论尿毒症患者肾移植围手术期HCMV基因拷贝数检测可以作为HCMV活动性感染的预警,为临床早期诊断、预防和治疗提供依据。     

Early organogenesis of the kidney

The mammalian permanent kidney consists of three cell lineages of different origin: the epithelial cells of the ureter bud, the mesenchymal cells of the nephric blastema and the endothelial cells of the capillaries. Organogenesis is governed by a cascade of morphogenetic interactions between these cell populations, a reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interaction between the branching ureter and the metanephric mesenchyme, homotypic interactions between cells of the tubular anlagen, stimulation of angiogenesis by the differentiating blastema and a mesenchymal-endothelial interaction guiding the migration of the capillary endothelial cells. While the biology of these interactive events is well known, as described in this overview, the molecular mechanisms are less well mapped out.     

A retrospective and prospective study of the number of kidney transplants in 31 countries

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to try to predict the number of cadaveric kidney transplantations (CKT) that will be performed in the year 1993. The raw data regarding the number of renal transplants that have been performed annually since 1975 in 31 countries, which were divided into six groups, were collected from published reports and confirmed by a questionnaire sent to all centers. The annual number of grafts was estimated using an exponential model, highly correlated with retrospective data ( r ²>0. 99). Predictions for 1993 were extrapolated. The growth of transplantation activity is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. The maximum number of grafts was arbitrarily set at 40 per million population, which is the maximum rate currently observed. The total number of CKT carried out between 1975 and 1986 was 114000; this will probably exceed 280000 in 1993. The yearly activity in 1987 exceeded 16500 and is expected to reach approximatively 26000 grafts in 1993.     

Harnwegsinfekt nach Nierenallotransplantation: Abgrenzung von Bakterien-Kolonisation und bakteriellem Infekt

Summary Among 124 recipients of a renal allotransplant (22 men, 52 women), 60 patients (27 men, 33 women) showed more than 10⁶ colony-forming units/ml midstream urine on one or several occasions. 26 patients (10 men, 16 women) did not present with leucocyturia whereas 23 (10 men, 13 women) did so. Urine samples were examined 1/2 to 5 1/2 years after transplantation.The comparison of the 2 groups of patients with and without leucocyturia revealed the following: there was no age difference; during the first year after grafting, bacteriuria with leucocyturia was more common; recurrent and de novo infections, dysuria, pyelonephritis and demonstration of E. coli were more frequent. Therapy was more effective in cases of bacteriuria without leucocyturia; the serum creatinine was more seldom elevated above the normal range and complications with ureters, bladder emptying or stenoses of the urethra were more seldomly observed.

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Abkürzungen MSU Mittelstrahlurin - HPF Gesichtsfeld, 400-fache Vergrößerung - HWK Harnwegskolonisation - HWI Harnwegsinfekt - Cr-s Serumkreatininkonzentration     

肾集合管癌:螺旋CT动态增强表现

目的:探讨肾集合管癌的影像学表现及其血液动力学特征与病理的关系,以提高诊断准确性。方法:经手术病理证实的肾脏集合管癌5例,术前行CT平扫及双期(皮髄交界期和实质期)增强扫描。回顾性分析其CT表现并与手术病理结果进行对比。结果:5例肿瘤形态不规则,境界欠清,肾脏轮廓基本正常。肿瘤直径4.0~13.5cm,平均7.3cm。2例肿瘤累及皮质-髓质,3例累及肾皮质-髓质-肾盂。3例肿瘤呈实质性,内可见小区域坏死;2例肿瘤呈囊实性,内可见很不规则液性低密度区。肿瘤实质部分平扫CT值17.1~36.8HU,平均27.4HU;动态增强扫描皮髓交界期其CT值为27.4~53.5HU,平均38.7HU;实质期CT值36.0~74.2HU,平均47.6HU。1例可见斑点状和针尖状钙化。腹膜后淋巴结转移2例,肺转移1例。结论:肾集合管癌的CT表现有一定特征性,表现为肿瘤较小时位于肾髓质,较大时位于肾脏中央区,形态极不规则,境界不清,患肾轮廓基本正常;动态增强扫描示肿瘤呈中等程度渐进性延迟强化,淋巴结和远处转移常见。     

A comparison of low-dose and normal-dose gadobutrol in MR renography and renal angiography.

OBJECTIVE: It has been advocated that a reduced injection volume with highly concentrated (1 M) contrast material can produce a sharper bolus peak and an increased intravascular first-pass gadolinium concentration when compared with the use of a lower concentration (0.5 M). A higher concentration would also cause a reduction in dose. The purpose of our study was to test the use of a low dose (0.05 mmol/kg) of gadobutrol in magnetic resonance renography and angiography and compare the findings with a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred-thirty-four patients referred for magnetic resonance angiography for suspected renovascular disease participated in the study. Contrast enhanced MR renography and angiography were performed after administration of a bolus of 0.1 mmol/kg or 0.05 mmol/kg gadobutrol in randomized patients. The relative signal intensity-time curves of the aorta, peripheral cortex and parenchyma, were obtained. Two radiologists evaluated the angiographic images and evaluated the quality of angiography. RESULTS: The signal intensity with a low dose of gadobutrol was significantly lower in early phases, in the peripheral cortex (for 36, 54, 72 and 90 seconds), the parenchyma (for 36, 54, 72 seconds) and the aorta (for 18, 36, 54, 72 seconds). The decreases in the early phase obtained with a low dose of gadobutrol caused blunter time intensity curves. The difference in the quality scores of the readers for the angiographic images for the use of the two different doses was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A lower dose of gadobutrol can be used for MR renal angiography, but for MR renography the normal dose should be used.     

边缘供者供肾对肾移植受者早期预后的影响

目的 分析边缘供者供肾对亲属活体肾移植受者早期预后的影响.方法 66例亲属活体肾移植病例按供体年龄和供体情况分为边缘供者组(28例)和非边缘供者组(38例).对照比较2组的手术前后患者SCr、内生肌酐清除率、内外科并发症等情况.结果边缘供者组和非边缘供者组受者在术后第7天、1和3个月SCr分别为154、131、127μmol/L和132、117、118/μmol/L,2组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组父母子女间供肾受者的SCr在术后第7天、1、3个月分别为160、131、126 μmol/L和132、129、126μmol/L,2组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)}边缘供者供肾受者内外科并发症发生率、内生肌酐清除率与非边缘供者供肾受者比较差异无统计学意义.结论 边缘供者供肾的早期临床疗效理想.严格控制其纳入标准,边缘供者尤其父母子女间的边缘供者可作为亲属活体肾移植供体.     

肾缺血预处理增强心脏的电稳定性

目的：研究肾缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ）对心脏电稳定性的影响和机理。方法：２４只大耳白兔随机分为对照组、肾缺血再灌流（Ｉ／Ｒ）组和肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组。观察肾再灌流２４ｈ时及用垂体后叶素（Ｐｔ）和肾上腺素（Ａｄｒ）后的心电图动态变化以及血中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和心肌中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的浓度改变。结果：用Ｐｔ和Ａｄｒ后，肾Ｉ／Ｒ组缺血性ＳＴ段抬高和心律失常发生率同肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组差异显著；肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组ＮＯ代谢物升高和ＭＤＡ降低同Ｉ／Ｒ组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；除ＭＤＡ外，上述指标在肾ＩＰＣ＋Ｉ／Ｒ组与对照组间差异无显著。结论：肾ＩＰＣ通过减轻心肌缺血性改变使心脏电稳定性增强；ＮＯ可能通过增加氧自由基的清除和扩血管效应而参与此作用。     

内皮素抗体在大鼠肾缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用

目的和方法：为探讨内皮素在肾缺血／再灌注损伤中的发病学意义，本实验在大鼠肾缺血／再灌注损伤模型上，观察了内皮素抗体对肾缺血／再灌注损伤的作用。结果：肾缺血／再灌注损伤大鼠，血清尿素氮（ＳＵＮ）、肌酐（ＳＣｒ）含量及血浆内皮素（ＰＥＴ）水平显著升高；脂质过氧化物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）产生增多；肾小管上皮细胞明显损伤。应用内皮素单克隆抗体能显著降低ＰＥＴ水平和ＭＤＡ含量，减轻肾小管上皮细胞损伤，改善肾功能。结论：内皮素是参与肾缺血／再灌注损伤发病的重要因素之一，阻断ＥＴ的生物学作用是防治肾缺血／再灌注损伤的有效途径。