The role of PGE2 in the sensitization of mechanoreceptors in normal and inflamed ankle joints of the rat

Summary The role of PGE₂ in the sensitization of highthreshold tarsal joint mechanoreceptors (putative nociceptors) has been investigated in 11 arthritic and 16 normal rats. Injections of a low dose of Freund's complete adjuvant at multiple sites into the tissues surrounding the ankle joint induced a chronic unilateral monoarthritis in the injected limb. Measurements of both spontaneous activity and responses of tarsal joint mechanoreceptors to repeated graded mechanical stimuli were made. All of the mechanoreceptors examined had afferent fibres with conduction velocities in the C or A- range. Using this new model of joint inflammation we have shown that lysine acetylsalicylate reduces the mechanical sensitivity of these joint mechanoreceptors and reduces the spontaneous activity in afferent nerve fibres. Prostaglandin E₂ is unable to restore either the spontaneous activity in the afferent axon or the mechanical sensitivity of tarsal joint mechanoreceptors after lysine acetylsalicylate in the arthritic rat. Similarly, PGE₂ does not sensitize or excite tarsal joint mechanoreceptors in the normal rat. In the normal rat, however, PGE₂ potentiates the excitatory action of bradykinin and enhances the sensitizing effect of bradykinin on the responses of joint mechanoreceptors to mechanical stimulation when both substances are injected simultaneously. These results indicate that PGE₂ is not important in the sensitization of these joint mechanoreceptors in this model of chronic joint inflammation but that in other circumstances PGE₂ may be able to contribute to a sensitization of joint mechanoreceptors by enhancing the action of bradykinin.     

微细药物表面包覆技术在制剂中的应用

新型药物开发制备过程中，需要对药物颗粒进行粒子设计，通过多层微胶囊化而得到复合包覆药物颗粒。药物包覆、微胶囊制备方法很多，可分为化学法、物理化学法、物理法。本文着重介绍了制备复合多层包覆药物颗粒的几种物理机械方法：复合杂化系统，高速椭圆转子混合法、喷流床包覆法。简要分析了该技术用于中药现代化加工的可能性。     

固本壮骨胶囊治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床研究

目的：评价固本壮骨胶囊的疗效和女全性。方法：我们于2002年10月至2003年7月按照国家药品食品监督管理局中药新药审批办法，通过与骨松宝颗粒剂（无糖型）多中心、随机、双盲双模拟对照的临床观察。对223例原发性骨质疏松症（肝肾不足证）患者进行了系统的临床试验研究。结果：治疗后两组都有明确疗效，两组间没有统计学差异，但试验组在改善腰膝酸软和步履艰难这二个症状方面明显优于对照组。比较骨密度的变化，各部位3个月和6个月的骨密度改变，两组无明显差异，而试验组在提高腰椎骨密度方面优于对照组。另外，治疗组在治疗过程中无明显不良反应，治疗后的各项血液生化指标和心电图均无改变。结论：固本壮骨胶囊是一种安全有效的中药新药。     

晶状体囊染色技术在超声乳化术中的应用

目的探讨晶状体囊染色技术在晶状体超声乳化术中应用的有效性和安全性.方法在难以看清晶状体前囊的65例(83眼)老年性白内障的手术过程中,使用囊染色剂vision blue(0.6 g·L-1的苔盼蓝缓冲溶液)气泡下染色法进行前囊染色,观察术中和术后情况.结果囊染色剂vision blue对晶状体前囊有较好的染色效果,可使手术操作变得安全易行,术中术后无不良反应.结论囊染色剂vision blue在晶状体超声乳化术中对晶状体前囊染色的应用是有效的和安全的.     

An axotomy model for the induction of death of rat and mouse corticospinal neurons in vivo

To study trophic dependencies of rat and mouse corticospinal neurons (CSN), we established a lesion model for the induction of death of analogous populations of CSN in these rodent species. Before lesion, CSN were retrogradely labeled with Fast Blue (FB). A stereotaxic cut lesion through the entire internal capsule (ICL) was used to axotomize CSN. The extent of axotomy was determined by application of a control tracer. In both species, FB-labeled CSN were localized in three major areas: (1) the sensory motor cortex; (2) the supplementary motor and medial prefrontal cortex; and (3) the somatosensory cortex. ICL does not lead to complete axotomy of CSN of the rat and mouse somatosensory cortex. In rats, ICL results in complete axotomy of CSN of the sensory motor cortex and incomplete axotomy of the caudal portion of the supplementary motor and medial prefrontal cortex. In mice, the area of axotomized CSN extends significantly further frontally. In both species, axotomy-induced death of CSN is observed in the center of the sensory motor cortex. This lesion model is useful for investigations on the response of CSN of the sensory motor cortex to lesion and therapeutic drugs.     

术前HbA1c水平对糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后后囊膜混浊的影响及阈值效应分析

目的：分析术前糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平对糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后后囊膜混浊(PCO)的预测价值及阈值效应。

方法：回顾性研究。收集2018-09/2020-09于本院就诊的糖尿病合并白内障患者106例106眼,根据患者术后36 mo是否发生PCO分为PCO组52例52眼和非PCO组54例54眼。分析患者术后发生PCO的影响因素。对患者术前HbA1c水平与患者术后发生PCO的发生情况进行阈值效应分析。采用受试工作者特征(ROC)曲线评估术前HbA1c水平对患者术后发生PCO的预测价值。构建预测模型,采用Bootstrap重采样对预测模型进行验证,并对模型的区分度和准确度进行评价。

结果：两组患者糖尿病病程、有无糖尿病视网膜病变、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、术前HbA1c、眼轴长度、核硬度分级均有差异(P<0.05)。糖尿病病程≥12 a、有DR、空腹血糖≥8 mmol/L、餐后2 h血糖≥12 mmol/L、术前HbA1c≥7%、眼轴长度≥30 mm、核硬度分级Ⅲ级及以上均为影响患者术后发生PCO的因素(P<0.05)。曲线拟合发现随着HbA1c水平的升高,糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO的概率呈现上升趋势。阈值效应分析发现,当HbA1c≥7%时,术后PCO的发生率随着HbA1c水平的增加而升高。敏感性分析显示E值=2.129。术前HbA1c与糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO程度的关联效应分析结果显示,调整后术前HbA1c水平是糖尿病患者术后发生PCO不同程度混浊的影响因素,存在独立相关性(OR=1.65,95% CI：1.42-1.76,P=0.021)。当预测模型P=0.6时,模型预测准确度为88.51%,敏感度和特异度分别为86.33%和86.82%,表示糖尿病白内障患者出现PCO的结局。

结论：糖尿病病程、有DR、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、术前HbA1c、眼轴长度、核硬度分级是影响糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化术后发生PCO的因素,且术前HbA1c可作为评估患者术后发生PCO的敏感指标。     

自制瘦身调脂胶囊治疗单纯性肥胖症临床研究

目的:观察瘦身调脂胶囊治疗单纯性肥胖症(simple-obesity)的临床疗效。方法:将79例患者随机分为2组,治疗组给予瘦身调脂胶囊,对照组给予曲美胶囊,疗程2个月。结果:2组有明显差异(P<0.05),经Ridit法的u检验,治疗组和对照组比较没有明显区别(P>0.05)。结论:瘦身调脂胶囊和曲美都具有较好的减肥作用。     

心肌康对左心室肥厚逆转作用的临床研究

本研究应用中药心肌康对左心室肥厚患者进行逆转性治疗。９４例ＬＶＨ患者随机分为心肌康治疗组和美多心对照组，作服药前４事的临床疗效观察。结果表明：心肌康对ＬＶＨ有显著的退缩作用，对照组对ＬＶＨ的治疗虽有一定程度的改善，但无统计学意义，两组于治疗比较亦呈显著性差异。     

ICP-MS测定香芍软胶囊中砷 汞 铅 镉 铜的含量

目的：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定香芍软胶囊（XSSC）囊心物中砷、汞、铅、镉、铜的含量。方法：样品经微波消解，以Re为内标，以茶叶、圆白菜标准物质为质控，采用ICP-MS测定上述5种元素。结果：对于所测5种元素，标准曲线的相关系数r〉0．9996，回收率为95．8-101．6％，RSD〈5．8％。结论：本测定方法快捷、准确、灵敏度高，适用于XSSC囊心物中上述5种元素的同时测定。     

关痹通的实验研究

目的：研制一种理想的治疗骨关节痛的新药。方法：采用高分子材料、中药提取物及非甾体抗炎药，按照均匀设计得不同处方。在相同条件下测定其溶出度，并对实验数据进行统计处理。结果：各种处方在两小时释药达90％以上。结论：释药性能较好者命名为关痹通胶囊，制剂的释药性质受所加入辅料量的影响，高分子材料和中药提取物的含量不同则溶出不同。