三七总皂苷鼻腔用制剂的研究

目的研究能够提高三七总皂苷生物利用度的给药途径和制剂。方法采用鼻腔给药筛选提高药物生物利用度的适宜制剂。结果本试验中制备的制剂在不引起黏膜刺激性的条件下，大幅度提高了PNS的生物利用度。结论可从给药途径和剂型两方面考虑提高药物吸收，降低刺激性。     

Microencapsulation of anthocyanin-rich black soybean coat extract by spray drying using maltodextrin,gum Arabic and skimmed milk powder

Black soybean coat is insufficiently valorised food production waste rich in anthocyanins. The goal of the study was to examine physicochemical properties of spray dried extract of black soybean coat in regard to carrier materials: maltodextrin, gum Arabic, and skimmed milk powder. Maltodextrin and gum Arabic-based microparticles were spherical and non-porous while skimmed milk powder-based were irregularly shaped. Low water activity of microparticles (0.31–0.33), good powders characteristics, high solubility (80.3–94.3%) and encapsulation yields (63.7–77.0%) were determined. All microparticles exhibited significant antioxidant capacity (243–386 μmolTE/g), good colour stability after three months of storage and antimicrobial activity. High content of total anthocyanins, with cyanidin-3-glucoside as predominant, were achieved. In vitro release of anthocyanins from microparticles was sustained, particularly from gum Arabic-based. These findings suggest that proposed simple eco-friendly extraction and microencapsulation procedures could serve as valuable tools for valorisation and conversion of black soybean coat into highly functional and stable food colourant.     

Pharmacokinetics and safety of fentanyl sublingual spray and fentanyl citrate intravenous: a single ascending dose study in opioid-naïve healthy volunteers

Objective: Fentanyl sublingual spray offers rapid pain relief in opioid-tolerant cancer patients, and may be useful in acute or post-operative pain. Both opioid-naïve and non-tolerant patients are likely to receive opioids in these settings. Understanding the relationship between systemic exposure of fentanyl sublingual spray and effects on respiratory function in opioid-naïve or non-tolerant populations is important to ensure patient safety. This study evaluated single-dose fentanyl sublingual spray in opioid-naïve participants.

Research design: Participants were randomized to receive single-dose fentanyl sublingual spray (100, 200, 400, 600, 800?mcg) or fentanyl citrate IV in one of five cohorts. Dosing occurred following a 10-h fast, with fasting continuing for 4?h post-dose. Dose proportionality was assessed using analysis of variance and linear regression techniques. PK assessments and safety monitoring were performed through 24?h post-dose. Safety assessments, including adverse event (AE) monitoring, occurred from dosing through Day 7.

Results: Fifty participants (19?53 years) received fentanyl sublingual spray or fentanyl citrate IV. Mean maximum plasma concentrations were reached between 0.27–0.60?h post-dose for fentanyl sublingual spray. Peak (C_max) and total (AUC_0–t, AUC_0–∞) fentanyl exposures increased in a linear, but more than dose-proportional manner, with higher doses. The most common AEs were somnolence, nausea, and vomiting. All AEs were mild or moderate in severity. Doses at 400, 600, and 800?mcg were associated with nausea and vomiting, requiring pharmacologic intervention. Hypoxia episodes requiring nasal cannula oxygenation were observed with 600mcg and 800mcg doses.

Conclusions: Overall, single-dose fentanyl sublingual spray (100–800?mcg) was generally well tolerated, with greater incidences of AEs (e.g. nausea, vomiting, hypoxia) at higher doses. Doses up to 200?mcg may be safely administered to healthy opioid-naïve individuals with routine monitoring; doses between 400–800?mcg may be administered in settings with nasal cannula oxygenation.     

喷淋塔脱氨传质特性的实验研究

在自行设计的喷淋塔中,以空气/氨/稀硝酸为实验体系,考察了喷淋密度、空塔气速、吸收液pH、入口氨浓度及入口气体温度对喷淋塔体积传质系数（Kga）的影响。结果表明,Kga随喷淋密度的提高而增大,优选喷淋密度约0.039 m3/（m2·s）;Kga随空塔气速的增大呈现增大后减小的趋势,控制空塔气速在2-2.4 m/s具有较好的经济性;Kga随吸收液pH的增大而减小,入口氨浓度对Kga的影响不显著,提高气体温度于吸收不利;拟合得到Kga的经验关联式Kga=7.45Re0.32pH-0.12β/H,其计算值与实验值相对偏差在15%以内;操作参数对Kga的影响大小顺序为：喷淋密度,空塔气速,吸收液pH值。     

变异性鼻炎应用通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗的效果观察

目的探究变异性鼻炎应用通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗的效果。方法本次研究资料选取时间段为2019年8月至2020年8月,患者为我院诊治的96例变异性鼻炎患者。经随机数字表法予以分组,其中参照组(48例)行糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗,观察组(48例)行通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗。比较两组临床疗效及症状、体征情况与不良反应发生情况等。结果相较参照组,观察组治疗总有效率更高,不良反应发生率更低(P<0.05)。两组治疗后临床症状、体征评分均比治疗前低,且观察组比参照组低(P<0.05)。结论变异性鼻炎患者应用通窍鼻炎片联合糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗效果确切,利于患者疗效提高、症状改善及不良反应发生率降低,可行推广。     

盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂联合布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗持续性变应性鼻炎疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂联合布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗持续性变应性鼻炎的临床疗效.方法 随机将120例持续性变应性鼻炎患者分为A组、B组及C组各40例,A组给予盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂联合布地奈德鼻喷剂喷鼻,B组只给予盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂喷鼻,C组只给予布地奈德鼻喷雾剂喷鼻.疗程4周.比较3组患者治疗4周后临床疗效.结果 ①视觉模拟量表评分:4周后A组患者鼻部症状视觉模拟量表评分均较B组及C组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②鼻-结膜炎相关生活质量问卷评分:4周后3组患者鼻-结膜炎相关生活质量问卷评分均比治疗前有显著改善,而A组在睡眠、非鼻-结膜炎症状、鼻部症状及情感反应等4方面的评分与B组、C组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③疗效:A组患者显效率50.00%及总有效率92.50%,分别与B组(30.00%,75.00%)及C组(27.50,77.50%)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂联合布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗持续性变应性鼻炎可以迅速缓解鼻部症状,提高患者生活质量.     

长效抗菌敷料在肠造口所致周围皮肤瘙痒患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨长效抗菌敷料在肠造口所致造口周围皮肤瘙痒患者中的应用效果。 方法 选取2013年1月-2016年12月行肠造口手术并发造口周围皮肤瘙痒的直肠癌患者167例。采用随机数字表法将其分成实验组和对照组。实验组采用长效抗菌敷料(洁悠神)进行治疗,对照组使用皮炎平乳膏进行治疗。 结果 治疗第1、2周,2组患者肠造口周围皮肤瘙痒复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3、4周,实验组肠造口周围皮肤瘙痒复发率低于对照组(χ²=14.056,P<0.001; χ²=15.465,P<0.001)。实验组舒适度和生活质量均高于对照组。 结论 长效抗菌敷料可以治疗由肠造口所致造口周围皮肤瘙痒,降低患者瘙痒感和瘙痒复发率,提高造口患者舒适度,从而改善造口患者生活质量。     

清肺抑火口腔喷雾剂中栀子苷、黄芩苷含量测定

目的：建立清肺抑火口腔喷雾剂中栀子苷和黄芩苷含量的测定方法。方法：采用HPLC法,以依利特C18柱（4.6mm×200mm,5μm）分离,以乙腈-水（11∶89）和甲醇-水-磷酸（45∶55∶0.2）为流动相,238nm和280nm为检测波长,流速1.0mL.min-1,柱温30℃。结果：栀子苷和黄芩苷分别在1.19~3.95μg（r=0.9998）和1.61~5.63μg（r=0.9998）范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为100.62%（RSD=1.70%）和100.32%（RSD=1.58%）。结论：该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可作为清肺抑火口腔喷雾剂中栀子苷和黄芩苷含量的测定方法。     

Nasal and pulmonary drug delivery systems

The respiratory route of administration has long been the medically desired drug delivery portal for the administration of topical anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs are administered either to the lung, i.e., the lower respiratory system to treat asthma, or to the nasal cavity, i.e., the upper respiratory system to treat allergic rhinitis. This therapeutic focus dominates the drug delivery applications for the respiratory system. More recently, the respiratory system has provided a non-invasive method for the administration of biotherapeutics. And finally, formulation and device advancements have led to the consideration of the respiratory route for a number of other therapeutic applications where systemic delivery is desirable. All of these factors have resulted in the therapeutic patents that are discussed in this review.