Geriatric assessment in oncology: Moving the concept forward. The 20 years of experience of the Centre Léon Bérard geriatric oncology program

Objectives

The management of cancer in aging people remains a challenge for physicians. Specialists agree on the assistance provided by a multidimensional geriatric assessment (MGA) to guide the cancer treatment decision-making process. We aim to explore the use of MGA in treatment decision and to identify MGA parameters likely to influence the planned cancer treatment.

上海市社区癌症患者抑郁状况初步研究

目的探讨社区癌症患者发生抑郁的相关因素,以提高临床工作者对癌症患者抑郁的认识,为在社区中开展癌症患者抑郁的防治提供理论依据.方法选择上海市社区癌症患者共计2525例,调查方法包括自评和访谈,采用国内外通用的癌症患者生活质量自评量表FACT-G,抑郁自评量表Zung以及有关癌症患者疾病和社会信息的一般状况登记表.采用多元Logistic回归分析方法处理数据.结果本组患者抑郁发生率为23.3%,有5种因素与社区中的癌症患者抑郁发生密切相关,依次为:KPS评分、受教育程度、疼痛状况、收入和年龄,其相关系数和显著性检验分别为-0.044、0.000;0.189、0.000;0.720、0.000;0.217、0.000;0.012、0.003.结论KPS评分下降、受教育程度低、出现癌痛症状、收入状况差和年龄大的患者,其抑郁的发生率也相应高.     

柴胡龙牡汤加减改善气机阻滞型肺癌系统综述

[主要目的]分析运用柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤加减改善气机阻滞型肺癌症状的临床资料。[资料来源]在辽宁中医药大学附属第一医院病案室,选取2011年9月至2012年9月辽宁中医药大学附属第一医院肿瘤科气机阻滞型肺癌住院患者病历。[选择文献量及依据]①研究类型:临床观察。②研究对象:病理诊断为肺癌,或未经病理诊断,但经过临床,影像学或实验室检查确诊为肺癌;辨证分型为气机阻滞型;均采用柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤加减治疗;中药连续使用≥2周;同一患者反复入院症状发生变化时重复纳入,无明显变化时仅纳入第一次入院情况。③评价指标:KPS评分,症候评分。共35例住院气机阻滞型肺癌患者原始病历。[数据提炼规则及应用方法]临床症状(咳嗽、咳痰、咳血、胸痛、胸闷、气急、乏力、便秘、恶心呕吐);临证加减(柴胡、龙骨、牡蛎、黄芩、太子参、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草、炙甘草、半夏、桔梗、杏仁、陈皮、浙贝母、莪术、胆南星、瓜蒌、山慈菇、夏枯草、黄芪)。采用Microsoft Exce 2013软件建立数据库,以证候出现、临证加减频次排列。生活质量评分参照卡氏评分,症状评分参照肺癌症状分级量化表,以咳嗽、咳痰等症状、体征为观察评价指标,依其程度分为轻、中、重三级,依次定为1、2、3分,根据症候改善积分判定疗效。[数据综合得出结果与结论]气机阻滞型肺癌症状出现频率依次为咳嗽、胸痛、咳痰、胸闷、气急、乏力、咳血、便秘、恶心呕吐。临证加减依次为使用柴胡、龙骨、牡蛎、黄芩30次,太子参、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草27次,炙甘草、半夏、茯苓24次,炙甘草、半夏、茯苓24次,桔梗、杏仁、陈皮20次,浙贝母17次,莪术14次,胆南星、瓜蒌13次,山慈菇11次,夏枯草10次,黄芪9次。KPS改善率31.00%。证候积分变化总有效率82.80%。用药规律,在柴胡龙骨牡蛎汤基础上,随证添加具有清热解毒软坚散结的抗肿瘤药物、化痰止咳平喘入肺经的药物、以及扶正益气药物。[未来展望]遵循循证医学原则及方法,进行更客观、可靠的大规模、多中心随机平行对照研究,更加有效指导临床实践。     

Feasibility of Percutaneous Cementoplasty Combined with Interventional Internal Fixation for Impending Pathologic Fracture of the Proximal Femur

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous cementoplasty and interventional internal fixation for stabilization of impending pathologic fracture of the proximal femur.Materials and MethodsFrom May 2012 to August 2013, six consecutive patients (three men and three women; median age, 58.33 y ± 21.45; age range, 18–78 y) who underwent percutaneous cementoplasty plus interventional internal fixation for the treatment of metastases to the proximal femur were retrospectively analyzed. The Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain were assessed before and 1 week after the procedure; moreover, the procedure duration, length of hospital stay, risk of fracture at the procedural site, and complications were assessed.ResultsThe KPS increased from 66.67 ± 12.11 (range, 60–90) before the procedure to 76.67 ± 13.66 (range, 60–100) 1 week after the procedure. For symptomatic patients (n = 5), the VAS score decreased from 6.80 ± 2.39 (range, 3–9) before the procedure to 1.80 ± 0.84 (range, 1–3) at 1 week after the procedure. The mean procedure duration was 90.00 minutes ± 10.56 (range, 72–102 min). The average length of hospital stay was 7 days ± 2 (range, 4–10 d). The only complication noted consisted of thrombophlebitis in one patient, on the operative side, at 15 days after the procedure. No cases of procedural site fracture during follow-up were noted (median, 192 d; range, 30–365 d).ConclusionsPercutaneous cementoplasty plus interventional internal fixation is a feasible technique for stabilization of impending pathologic fracture of the femur.     

5A护理模式在行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者中的应用效果

目的:观察5A护理模式在行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者中的应用效果。方法:选取126例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与研究组各63例。对照组采用常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上采用5A护理模式,比较两组护理前后肺功能指标[每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)]水平、生命质量评分、疼痛评分和并发症发生率。结果:护理后,研究组MVV、FEV1、FVC水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组KPS评分高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率为3.17%,明显低于对照组的14.28%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用5A护理模式可提高行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者的肺功能指标水平和KPS评分,降低VAS评分和并发症发生率,其效果优于单纯常规护理。     

小金片联合NX方案治疗紫杉类及蒽环类耐药晚期乳腺癌的临床研究

目的 观察小金片联合NX化疗方案(长春瑞滨联合卡培他滨)治疗紫杉类及蒽环类耐药晚期乳腺癌的临床效果.方法 选取2019年1月—2020年1月南阳市第二人民医院收治的100例紫杉类及蒽环类耐药晚期乳腺癌患者,根据信封抽签法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例.对照组给予NX化疗方案治疗,第1、8天静脉滴注酒石酸长春瑞滨注射液...     

Analysis of Key Factors Associated with Response to Salvage High-Dose Methotrexate Rechallenge in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with First Relapse

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that occurs in the central nervous system. Although sensitive to chemotherapy, 35–60% of PCNSL patients still relapse within 2 years after the initial treatment. High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) rechallenge is generally used in recurrent PCNSL, especially for patients who have achieved a response after initial methotrexate (MTX) treatment. However, the overall remission rate (ORR) of HD-MTX rechallenge is about 70–80%. Additionally, the side effects of HD-MTX treatment endanger the health of patients and affect their quality of life. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with first relapse PCNSL at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2000 and November 2020. By comparing the clinical characteristics and radiological manifestations of first relapsed PCNSL patients with remission and non-remission after receiving HD-MTX rechallenge, we screened out the key factors associated with HD-MTX rechallenge treatment response, to provide some help for the selection of salvage treatment strategies for patients with recurrent PCNSL. Additionally, patients with remission after HD-MTX rechallenge were followed up to identify the factors related to progression-free survival of the second time (PFS2) (time from the first relapse to second relapse/last follow-up). The Kruskal–Wallis and Pearson chi-square tests were performed to examine the univariate association. Further, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the simultaneous effect of different variables. Results: A total of 207 patients were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion criteria, including 114 patients in the remission group (RG) and 81 patients in the non-remission group (nRG), and 12 patients were judged as having a stable disease. In Kruskal–Wallis and Pearson chi-square tests, progression-free survival rates for first time (PFS1) and whether the initial treatment was combined with consolidated whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) were related to the response to HD-MTX rechallenge treatment, which was further validated in regression analysis. Further, after univariate analysis and regression analysis, KPS was related to PFS2. Conclusions: For PCNSL patients in their first relapse, HD-MTX rechallenge may be an effective salvage treatment. PFS1 and whether initial treatment was combined with consolidation WBRT were associated with HD-MTX rechallenge treatment response. In addition, patients with higher KPS at the time of the first relapse had a longer PFS2 after HD-MTX rechallenge treatment.     

Nation-wide Brain Tumor Registry-based Study of Intracranial Meningioma in Japan: Analysis of Surgery-related Risks

Although surgical resection is the most preferred treatment for intracranial meningiomas, a detailed analysis of the surgery-related risks based on large population data has not been conducted to date. In this study, we analyzed the nation-wide brain tumor registry to assess the surgical risk factors for intracranial meningiomas to provide information for an optimal treatment strategy. Data of 4081 meningioma patients who underwent initial resection between 2001 and 2008 were extracted from the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (BTRJ) database and reviewed for postoperative mortality, aggravation of Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), and complications. The total in-hospital mortality rate was 0.59%. Male sex and tumor size ≥30 mm were independent risk factors for mortality. Among 4081 cases, 4.4% of patients had KPS that were lowered by 20 or more points at the time of discharge after surgery. Age ≥65 years, higher WHO grading, tumor location at the skull base, tumor size ≥30 mm, and non-gross total resections were associated with lowering of KPS scores by 20 or more points. The overall incidence of surgical complications was 19.3%. The rate of occurrence of new postoperative seizure in patients with supratentorial meningioma was 10.9%. All complications except for vascular complications occurred with significantly lower frequencies in asymptomatic patients than in symptomatic patients. Our results provide useful information regarding the surgical risks when surgical intervention is being considered for intracranial meningiomas. Surgery is an important option for asymptomatic meningiomas as the mortality rate and complication rate in the current study were sufficiently low.     

几种植物多糖对白细胞功能及细胞内环核苷酸含量的影响

云芝多糖(KPS)、人参多糖(PPS)对诱发的小鼠腹膜炎,可使参出液中细胞内cAMP含量显著升高(P<0.01),CAMP/cGMP值增大,同时白细胞游走至腹腔受到明显抑制,而吞噬功能并无明显影响。提示二药具有一定的抗炎效用。而黄芪多糖(APS)虽也明显抑制白细胞游走(P<0.01),但吞噬功能反略增高,细胞内cAMP水平升高不明显(P>0.05),故有别于前二药的作用,尚待进一步探讨。