盐酸小檗碱肠溶缓释片制剂工艺研究

目的 研究盐酸小檗碱肠溶缓释片的制剂工艺。方法 采用体外释放度评价的方法,以单因素设计及正交设计筛选片芯处方及工艺,并对片芯进行肠溶包衣,制备盐酸小檗碱肠溶缓释片。结果 体外释放度实验显示,片芯及肠溶片均符合Higuchi释药模型。结论 盐酸小檗碱肠溶缓释片工艺稳定,体外释放符合设计要求。     

Repurposing of berbamine hydrochloride to inhibit Ebola virus by targeting viral glycoprotein

Ebola virus (EBOV) infection leads to staggeringly high mortality rate. Effective and low-cost treatments are urgently needed to control frequent EBOV outbreaks in Africa. In this study, we report that a natural compound called berbamine hydrochloride strongly inhibits EBOV replication in vitro and in vivo. Our work further showed that berbamine hydrochloride acts by directly binding to the cleaved EBOV glycoprotein (GPcl), disrupting GPcl interaction with viral receptor Niemann-Pick C1, thus blocking the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Our data support the probability of developing anti-EBOV small molecule drugs by targeting viral GPcl. More importantly, since berbamine hydrochloride has been used in clinic to treat leukopenia, it holds great promise of being quickly repurposed as an anti-EBOV drug.     

盐酸益母草碱片的制备及质量评价

目的制备盐酸益母草碱片,并进行质量评价。方法采用湿法制粒技术,以盐酸益母草碱为原料药,采用单因素实验筛选填充剂、崩解剂、黏合剂、润滑剂种类;结合正交实验,以15 min累积溶出度(以水为溶出介质)为指标,筛选崩解剂占比、黏合剂溶液质量分数、润滑剂占比,并进行验证。按2020年版《中国药典》(四部)通则方法对所制盐酸益母草碱片的体外溶出行为(溶出介质分别为pH1.2的盐酸溶液、pH4.5的醋酸-醋酸钠溶液、pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液、水)、片剂外观、硬度、脆碎度、含量均匀度进行检测。结果盐酸益母草碱片的最优处方为盐酸益母草碱原料药500 mg、糊精9250 mg、交联聚维酮200 mg、硬脂酸镁50 mg、1%羟丙甲纤维素溶液4 mL。所制3批片剂的平均15 min累积溶出度为81.25%(RSD=1.12%,n=3)。在上述4种溶出介质中,所制片剂均能在30 min内达到溶出平衡,且累积溶出度均超过85%。所制片剂外观颜色均一,呈米黄色,表面光滑,边缘完整,无杂色、斑点、异物等,硬度为57.3 N(n=6),减重率为0.15%,含量均匀度符合2020年版《中国药典》(四部)相关规定。结论成功制备了盐酸益母草碱片,且质量符合相关规定。     

Central nervous system depressant activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Ipomoea stans roots

Ipomoea stans Cav., popularly known as "tumbavaqueros", is a plant widely used in Mexico for the treatment of epileptic seizures and nervous disorders. This work researched the action of the ethyl acetate extract from the root of I. stans (IS-EAE) on the central nervous system (CNS). The administration of IS-EAE (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an anxiolytic effect in mice. This extract (20.0 and 40.0 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced spontaneous motor activity. 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mg/kg of IS-EAE protected mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions and increased the hypnotic effect induced by pentobarbital. The administration of IS-EAE was able to increase the release of GABA in brain cortex of mice. These results suggest that IS-EAE possess anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects, and could have potential sedative effect, probably through a GABAergic system. The extract did not show antidepressant effects on mice exposed to forced swimming test.     

Stereotactic radiosurgery for atypical and anaplastic meningiomas

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a local infusion technique, which delivers chemotherapeutic agents directly to the central nervous system, circumventing the blood–brain barrier and reducing systemic side effects. CED distribution is significantly increased if the infusate is hydrophilic. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of CED of nimustine hydrochloride: 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), a hydrophilic nitrosourea, in rat 9 l brain tumor models. The local neurotoxicity of ACNU delivered via CED was examined in normal rat brains, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was estimated at 0.02 mg/rat. CED of ACNU at the MTD produced significantly longer survival time than systemic administration (P < 0.05, log-rank test). Long-term survival (80 days) and eradication of the tumor occurred only in the CED-treated rats. The tissue concentration of ACNU was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed that CED of ACNU at the dose of 100-fold less total drug than intravenous injection carried almost equivalent concentrations of ACNU into rat brain tissue. CED of hydrophilic ACNU is a promising strategy for treating brain tumors.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠体外循环转流期间微循环的影响

目的:探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)对大鼠体外循环期间微循环的影响。方法:选择健康成年SD大鼠20只,随机分为对照组(C组)、盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组)。P组在预充液中加入PHC0.05mg/kg,C组加入等容量生理盐水;两组大鼠在体外循环建立后开始转流,转流时间为2h。观察时间点为:T0:转流前;T1:体外循环转流开始后1h;T2:体外循环转流开始后2h。分别在3个时间点观察两组大鼠的血压、心率、动静脉血氧分压差(Pa-vO2)、乳酸含量、转流2h总尿量。结果:T2、T3时刻P组大鼠乳酸含量低于C组,动静脉血氧分压差、转流2h总尿量高于C组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸戊乙奎醚可有效改善大鼠体外循环期间微循环,增加组织灌注。     

Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Duloxetine Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A simple accurate, sensitive and reproducible spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. Duloxetine hydrochloride showed strong native fluorescence in 0.05 M acetic acid having excitation at 225 nm and emission at 340 nm. Effect of different solvents were thoroughly investigated. The calibration graph was linear in the range from 0.020 to 0.400 μg/ml. The proposed method was statistically validated and successfully applied for analysis of capsule dosage forms. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.003 μg/ml and 0.010 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be in the range of 98.71% to 99.17%.     

Colesevelam hydrochloride in the management of dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia is a highly heterogeneous group of disorders strongly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Dyslipidemia significantly increases risk for atherosclerotic disease and all of its various clinical manifestations. Identifying patients with dyslipidemia and initiating therapies aimed at normalizing the lipid profile has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk for myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular mortality in both the primary and secondary prevention settings. Guidelines in Europe, Canada and the USA emphasize the need to reduce the burden of atherogenic lipoproteins in serum and to raise levels of high-density lipoproteins in patients at risk for cardiovascular events. Statins have emerged as front-line therapy for managing dyslipidemia, especially in patients with elevated serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As guidelines emphasize the need to reduce serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to lower levels, goal attainment can be challenging. The use of combination therapy increases the likelihood of therapeutic success for many patients. Furthermore, a significant percentage of patients with dyslipidemia either cannot achieve goals on statin monotherapy, choose not to take a statin or do not tolerate these drugs due to adverse side effects, such as myalgias, weakness or hepatotoxicity. This article summarizes the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety of colesevelam hydrochloride, a bile acid-binding resin. Bile acid-binding resins are orally administered anion-exchange resins that are not absorbed systemically. These agents bind bile acids and reduce their reabsorption at the level of the terminal ileum and prevent their enterohepatic recirculation. Colesevelam has a favorable side effect and toxicity profile and significantly impacts serum levels of lipoproteins when used as monotherapy or when used in combination with either statins or ezetimibe.     

慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸方案治疗慢性支气管炎246例临床研究

目的：探讨慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸方案在治疗慢性支气管炎及其所致酸碱失衡等并发症的有效性及安全性。方法：将本院246例慢性支气管炎患者随机分为两组,A组（对照组）采用常规抗感染平喘等对症支持治疗;B组（治疗照组）在常规治疗基础上采用慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸治疗。结果：治疗后两组患者动脉血气酸碱指标及肺功能指标差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;A、B两组治疗总有效率及平均住院时间分别为84.55%、（16.6±7.4）d及93.50%、（11.3±6.8）d,两指标之间差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸中西医结合的方案治疗慢性支气管炎,可更稳定的维持患者酸碱平衡、明显改善肺功能、缩短住院时间,具有优越的疗效,可提高患者生活质量。     

黄连素治疗盐酸二甲双胍导致腹泻19例临床观察

目的:观察黄连素治疗盐酸二甲双胍导致腹泻的临床疗效。方法:将37例患者随机分为两组。对照组18例维持原降糖治疗方案不变,治疗组19例在原降糖治疗方案基础上加服黄连素(盐酸小檗碱)。结果:治疗组临床痊愈率、显效率与总有效率分别为26.3%、36.8%、84.2%,明显高于对照组的0%、16.7%、61.1%(均P0.01)。结论:黄连素治疗盐酸二甲双胍引起的腹泻疗效理想。