107例静注海洛因成瘾者TT病毒感染状况

目的：调查贵州地区静注海洛因成瘾者TT病毒感染状况。方法：以公布的TTV第1读码区序列设计两对寡核苷酸引物,用套式聚合酶链反应（nPCR)检测107例静注海洛因成瘾者血清中TTVDNA,以62列正常人为对照。同时用酶联免疫法测丙肝病毒抗体（抗HCV）,逆转录套式聚合酶链反应（RT－nPCR)测庚肝病毒核糖核酸（HGVRNA）。结果：正常人TTVDNA阳性率6．45％,海洛因成瘾者25．23％。两组相比,差异有显著意义（P＜0．005）。成瘾者TTVDNA阳性率在男、女组间无差异,与注毒时间长短无相关（P＞0．05）。27例TTVDNA阳性成瘾者中,11例为单纯TTV感染,16 重叠HCV或HGV感染,其中TTV、HCV、HGV三重感染8例,TTV重叠HCV5例,重叠GCV3例。结论：贵州地区静注海洛因成瘾者中有TTV感染存在,感染率高低与性别、注毒时间长短无关。TTV可以单独感染,但与HCV、HGV的重叠感染率较高。     

静脉注射用免疫球蛋白在儿童血液/肿瘤性疾病中应用的儿科专家共识

静脉注射用免疫球蛋白（IVIG）在恶性血液肿瘤化疗、靶向治疗及造血干细胞移植中的应用越来越普遍,但国内外尚无儿童血液/肿瘤性疾病中IVIG应用的临床指南或共识。该共识基于儿童血液/肿瘤性疾病中IVIG应用的国内外研究进展而制定,对IVIG在儿童血液/肿瘤性疾病中的临床应用策略及其不良反应的防治提出具体建议。     

The impact of alfentanil supplementation on the sedation of bronchoscopy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background:The efficacy of alfentanil supplementation for the sedation of bronchoscopy remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of alfentanil supplementation on the sedation during bronchoscopy.Methods:We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through December 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of alfentanil supplementation versus placebo for the sedation during bronchoscopy. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.Results:Five RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for bronchoscopy, alfentanyl supplementation is associated with significantly reduced coughing scores (Std. MD = –0.55; 95% CI = –0.96 to –0.14; P = 0.009) and dose of propofol (Std. MD = –0.34; 95% CI = –0.64 to –0.04; P = 0.03), but reveals the increase in hypoxemia (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.08; P = 0.002).Conclusions:Alfentanyl supplementation benefits to reduce coughing scores and dose of propofol for bronchoscopy, but increases the incidence of hypoxemia. The use of alfentanyl supplementation for bronchoscopy should be with caution.     

晚期癌症患者终末期镇静现状及应用启示

随着癌症患者病程的进展,晚期癌症患者将会出现难以控制的顽固性症状和痛苦。在我国特定的文化背景和现实条件下安乐死暂无法合法化,而终末期镇静能有效减轻晚期癌症患者痛苦程度且不会缩短其生命长度,因此其重要性尤为凸显。本文对国内外终末期镇静研究进行文献综述,并探讨在我国的应用展望,拟对终末期镇静在我国的运用实施提供借鉴和参考。     

Premedication for tracheal intubation in neonates: confusion or controversy?

Tracheal intubation is performed frequently in the NICU and delivery room. This procedure is extremely distressing, painful, and has the potential for airway injury. Premedication with sedatives, analgesics, and muscle relaxants is standard practice for pediatric and adult intubation, yet the use of these drugs is not common for intubation in neonates. The risks and benefits of using premedications for intubating unstable newborns are hotly debated, although recent evidence shows that premedication for non-urgent or semi-urgent intubations is safer and more effective than awake intubations. This article reviews clinical practices reported in surveys on premedication for neonatal intubation, the physiological effects of laryngoscopy and intubation on awake neonates, as well as the clinical and physiological effects of different drug combinations used for intubation. A wide variety of drugs, either alone or in combination, have been used as premedication for elective intubation in neonates. Schematically, these studies have been of three main types: (a) studies comparing awake intubation versus those with sedation or analgesia, (b) studies comparing different premedication regimens comprising sedatives, analgesics, and anesthetics, and (c) case series of neonates in which some authors have reported their experience with a specific premedication regimen. The clinical benefits described in these studies and the need for pain control in neonates make the case for using appropriate premedication routinely for elective or semi-urgent intubations. Tracheal intubation without the use of analgesia or sedation should be performed only for urgent resuscitations in the delivery room or other life-threatening situations when intravenous access is unavailable.     

咪达唑仑-芬太尼复合麻醉在无痛电子支气管镜检查中的镇静作用及安全性观察

目的:评价咪达唑仑-芬太尼复合麻醉在电子支气管镜检查中的镇静作用及安全性。方法:行电子支气管镜检查患者104例,随机分为咪达唑仑-芬太尼组(A组)和常规对照组(B组)各52例。所有患者检查前常规以2%利多卡因喷鼻腔、咽喉部4次,表面局部麻醉,1.5 ml/min静脉输注0.9%氯化钠注射液。A组检查前5 min缓慢静脉输注咪达唑仑3.0 mg+芬太尼50 μg;B组输注0.9%氯化钠注射液5 ml。2组患者均在用药后2 min进行电子支气管镜检查。记录2组患者用药前(T₀)、用药后2 min(T₁)、用药后5 min(T₂)、用药后10 min(T₃)、用药后15 min(T₄)及用药后30 min(T₅)的收缩压(SBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、呼吸(RR)、心率(HR)和血氧饱和度(SpO₂)及患者呛咳、恶心呕吐、憋气、中断检查及不良记忆等不适反应。结果:A组T₁~T₃ SBP、T₁~T₄ MAP和HR均较T₀降低(P<0.05~P<0.01),而T₅ SBP、T₁~T₄ MAP和HR及T₁~T₅ RR与T₀差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患者T₁~T₄ MAP和HR均较T₀和A组增高(P<0.05~P<0.01),2组SpO₂均较T₀下降(P<0.01),但B组T₁~T₄ SpO₂均低于A组(P<0.01)。B组患者呛咳、恶心呕吐、憋气和不良记忆等不良反应的发生率均较A组高(P<0.05~P<0.01),B组8例因刺激过大而中断检查。结论:咪达唑仑-芬太尼复合麻醉是电子支气管镜检查中患者良好镇静的理想临床用药。     

常用静脉麻醉药对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后呕吐的影响

目的观察常用静脉全麻药异丙酚、硫喷妥钠及依托咪酯对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的影响。方法将330例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随机分为三组,每组110例,分别以异丙酚2mg/kg、硫喷妥钠5mg/kg、依托咪酯0.4mg/kg诱导麻醉,其他药物及麻醉方式均相同。结果术后0～6h内,异丙酚组恶心呕吐的发生率及平均发生次数明显低于硫喷妥钠组及依托咪酯组(P0.05),硫喷妥钠组与依托咪酯组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6～48h的时间段内,三组患者恶心呕吐的发生率及发生次数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论异丙酚在腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期抗呕吐作用明显。     

靶控输注咪唑安定对靶控输注丙泊酚镇静催眠效应的影响

目的评价靶控输注咪唑安定对靶控输注丙泊酚镇静催眠效应的影响。方法ASAI～Ⅱ级择期手术患者40例，随机分为四组：A组为单纯丙泊酚组，B、C、D组为丙泊酚 咪唑安定组，咪唑安定靶浓度分别为10、20、30ng／mL。咪唑安定达到平衡后，血浆靶控输注丙泊酚。记录丙泊酚效应部位浓度为1、2、3、4、5μg／mL时BIS值和OAA／S评分，并记录OAA／S评分达到4、3、2、1时丙泊酚效应部位浓度和BIS值，记录BIS值为50时丙泊酚效应部位浓度。结果1．咪唑安定达到平衡后，C组和D组BIS值显著下降；D组中OAA／S评分也显著下降，并低于B组和C组；2．随丙泊酚浓度升高四组患者．BIS值和OAA／S评分逐渐下降；3．相同丙泊酚浓度时，BIS值和OAA／S评分随咪唑安定浓度增加呈降低趋势；4．B、C、D三组患者OAA／S评分达到3、2、1以及BIS值达到50时所需丙泊酚效应部位浓度均显著低于A组，达到相同OAA／S评分D组所需丙泊酚效应部位浓度显著低于B组和C组。结论效应部位浓度为10、20、30ng／mL的咪唑安定均能显著降低丙泊酚靶控浓度，以达到需要的镇静深度；随咪唑安定浓度加深，降低作用越明显。     

局部麻醉及静脉麻醉在人工流产术中的临床镇痛效果比较

目的：探讨利多卡因局部麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉用于人工流产术中的临床镇痛效果观察。方法：将自愿要求人工流产的孕妇300例随机分为三组,丙泊酚静脉麻醉组、利多卡因宫颈局部麻醉组、对照组（不采取任何措施行常规人工流产术）。结果：丙泊酚静脉麻醉组和利多卡因宫颈局部麻醉组镇痛有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,人工流产综合征等不良反应发生率低于对照组（P〈0．05）,且不影响手术时间及术中出血（P〉0.05）。利多卡因宫颈局部麻醉组镇痛总有效率低于丙泊酚静脉麻醉组（P〈0.05）。结论：利多卡因局部麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉在人工流产中可以满足不同层次育龄妇女的需求。     

不同镇痛方法用于乳腺癌手术病人术后镇痛的疗效观察

目的将病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）和自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）分别用于乳腺癌手术病人术后镇痛．观察镇痛效果．gear良反应情况。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行乳腺癌手术病人,随机分为A组和B组,每组30例。A组在全麻诱导气管插管后及手术结束时各静注氟比洛芬酯50mg,并联合芬太尼开始PCIA,B组术后采用吗啡行PCEA,记录两组病人术后4、8、12、24、48h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及不良反应情况。结果两组病人术后各时点VAS差异无统计学意义：A组病人术后恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留等不良反应的发生率明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论氟比洛芬酯术前超前镇痛并联合芬太尼行PCIA可以产生理想的镇痛效果,同时减少阿片类药物不良反应。