胸膜恶性间皮瘤伴弥漫性血管内凝血——附3例临床病理报告

自1950年～1989年在我院6862例尸检中仅发现3例恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)伴发弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC),检出率为0.04％。3例MPM患者均有皮下出血和休克,血小板和纤维蛋白原减少。凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间延长,肺间质小血管内见均质透明血栓形成,血栓纤维素染色阳性。并结合文献对其诊断和DIC形成的因素进行了讨论。     

Four years' experience with the treatment of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia

A retrospective analysis was done on 43 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at our hospital from June 1987 to August 1992. All-trans retinoic acid was used to induce these patients to differentiation. In the early period of induction there were risks of severe hemorrhage, which was the main cause of early death. Treatments combined with platelets and heparin or aminomethylbenzoic (PAMBA) were given to patients with abnormal coagulation. As a result only 4 out of 43 patients died of intracranial bleeding at 4–12 days when their white blood cell (WBC) counts peaked. The combination of retinoic acid (RA) and HA chemotherapy could reduce hyperleukocytosis during the RA induction course. None of 7 patients died at early stage with this treatment combination. Our studies showed that it could predict the onset of remission at early stage through observations on the successive changes of karyotypes and morphology of the bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Our studies also showed that the growth of CFU-F could be inhibited by RA. We think that it may play a role in the RA-induced differentiation. In 4 years of follow-up the overall leukemia-free survival (LFS) was 80% with a relapse rate of 45%. Thirty-five patients out of 43 cases were still alive in remission, and one was alive in relapse. All 11 out of 43 patients relapsed within 3 years, but the relapses occurred later, after 3 years duration of remission (P < .01). Retinoic acid failed to induce 5 patients who relapsed with the continuation treatment of RA and chemotherapy alternatively. In order to overcome the resistance to RA, the continuation treatment of simple chemotherapy had been administered following CR. Two cases achieved remission in this way. The difference of resistant events to RA reached significance between these 2 groups of different continuation treatment.     

Tissue thermal damage caused by bipolar forceps can be reduced with a combination of plastic and metal

Background: We created a new 5-mm bipolar forceps. Thermo-insulating plastic was used for the creation of the jaws, while the metal conductor is buried deep inside the plastic. Methods: A porcine model was used in experimental testing against a standard metallic 5-mm bipolar forceps at three different wattage settings (20, 40, 60 W). Histological sections were evaluated by a pathologist who was blind to the wattage and instrument tested. Results: The new instrument was shown to cause statistically significant reduced thermal damage. In addition, its lateral thermal diffusion is superior to standard bipolar forceps. Conclusions: Thermo-insulating plastics can reduce thermal damage to tissue during electrosurgery. Received: 11 March 1997/Accepted: 19 July 1997     

原发性肝癌患者凝血与血小板功能变化的临床意义

目的:了解原发性肝癌患者的凝血功能障碍情况,并探讨其临床意义。方法。对40例原发性肝癌患者进行凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部份凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)四项凝血指标和血小板计数(PLT),平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)四项血小板参数进行检测。结果:原发性肝癌组与对照组相比,PT、APTT、TT均显著延长(P相似文献   

颌骨中心性动静脉畸形的栓塞与手术治疗(附1例报告)

目的探讨颌骨中心性动静脉畸形进行栓塞与手术治疗的效果。方法对1例颌骨中心性动静脉畸形行栓塞结合刮治手术患者,随访30个月,观察其治疗效果。结果栓塞后术中出血量明显减少,单纯刮治维持了原有的面容,随访30个月无复发。结论栓塞加刮治为颌骨中心性动静脉畸形的首选治疗方法。     

OPTION 4 PLUS血液凝固分析仪的应用评价

目的 对0PTI0N 4 PLUS血液凝固分析仪在临床应用作初步评价。方法 用校正血浆、质控血浆、新鲜血浆对仪器的几项主要参数进行检测。结果 准确度测定结果PT、APTT、TT、FIB均在质控血浆靶值范围内；混合新鲜血浆测定PT、APTT、FIB的精密度CV％＜2％；FIB有良好的线性Y＝37．134—7．172X；抗干扰试验HGB 5g/L、BIL 15．18μmol/L、脂肪乳0．5％不会影响PT测定结果；肝素0．5μ/ml可使APTT延长。结论 仪器具有高灵敏度、高可靠性、高实用性，各项指标均符合设计要求，适合于各种类型医院使用。     

重症胆管炎患者凝血功能改变的特点

目的：探讨重症胆管炎患者凝血功能改变的特点。方法：对２８例急诊入院且ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分≥１２分的重症胆管炎患者立刻采血，分别测定抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴⅢ）、血小板颗粒膜蛋白１４０（ＧＭＰ１４０）、血管性假性血友病因子（ｖＷＦ）、纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔＰＡ）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（ＰＡＩ）、纤溶酶原（Ｐｌｇ）及α２纤溶酶抑制剂（α２ＰＩ）。结果：所有患者均存在ＡＴⅢ、ｔＰＡ、Ｐｌｇ三者活性的显著降低以及ＧＭＰ１４０、ｖＷＦ、ＰＡＩ的显著升高，Ｆｇ和α２ＰＩ均无显著变化。结论：重症胆管炎患者在疾病的早期已存在明显的凝血功能紊乱，表现为在凝血与纤溶被激活的同时伴有纤溶受抑，凝血与纤溶间的平衡被破坏而产生高凝状态，以及严重的血小板和内皮细胞受损害，结果引起组织器官内广泛的微血栓形成而导致其微循环障碍，因此易出现组织器官的功能障碍甚至衰竭     

脉络膜骨瘤的激光治疗

目的：探讨脉络膜骨瘤激光治疗的作用和效果。 方法：氢离子激光光凝治疗脉络膜骨瘤6例7只眼，平均随访23个月。观察视力、眼底及眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)的改变。 结果：全部病例视力稳定，有3例3只眼脉络膜骨瘤较治疗前变得扁平，其中1例FFA显示激光治疗区脉络膜血管大部分萎缩。 结论：重复的激光治疗可促使骨钙的吸收井限制骨瘤向周围生长。激光破坏了瘤体及周围脉络膜的血循环可能是上述改变发生的原因之一。 （中华眼底病杂志，1997，13：204-206）     

Preserving the Integrity of Oesophageal Stents with Laser Therapy and Argon Plasma Coagulation: An In Vitro Study

. Thermal lasers and argon plasma coagulation are widely used in the treatment of stent overgrowth in patients with advanced oesophageal malignancy. The aim of treatment is to achieve patency while avoiding damage to the prosthesis. This experimental study was designed to determine the power and duration of application that can be safely tolerated by four different types of oesophageal prostheses. Five stents were studied: wall stent; open metal mesh stent (uncovered Ultraflex); covered metal mesh stent (covered Ultraflex); Gianturco (Z-stent); Esophagocoil. Nd-YAG Laser, GaAlAs diode laser and argon plasma coagulation were applied in non-contact mode at gradually increasing power levels and duration and the effects were observed. The use of argon plasma coagulation on Esophagocoil stent seems safe in power settings of 100 W up to 10 s. The diode laser is intermediate in that Gianturco and Esophagocoil stents can withstand pulses of up to 50 W for about 2 s. The Nd-YAG laser is detrimental to most stents at power levels of 20 W. Only the Esophagocoil withstands Nd-YAG pulses of 60 W but only up to 1 s. Wallstent, open and membrane-covered mesh stents perform poorly in that they can only tolerate up to 1.5 s of power at 25 W with the Diode and 1.0 s of power at 20 W with Nd-YAG laser. The use of different thermal modalities on the five stents has indicated safe power limits and duration. Membrane-covered stents are always damaged by thermal laser application unless the membrane is truly transparent. Paper received 23 February 2000; accepted after revision 24 March 2000.     

重症胆道感染围手术期合并弥散性血管内凝血的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨围手术期重症胆道感染合并DIC的早期诊断和综合治疗的效果.方法 对21例重症胆道感染合并DIC的病人进行综合性治疗,监测治疗前后病人的凝血功能.结果 21例病人中,治愈19例,死亡2例,治愈率90.5%.治疗前与治疗后相比,出血倾向得到控制,腹腔出血停止,病人的凝血酶原时间(PT)明显缩短,纤维蛋白原(Fbg)含量增加,D-二聚体及FDPs水平明显下降.结论 围手术期重症胆道感染病人易合并DIC,且病死率高,早期明确诊断并进行有效的综合性治疗是关键,尤其是冷沉淀联合低分子肝素的应用.