Down-regulation of microRNA-27b promotes retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation and migration by targeting Nox2

Aberrant proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contributes to the pathology of various ocular diseases. miR-27b has been reported to be crucial in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. However, the role of miR-27b on RPE proliferation and migration remains largely unknown. Here the effect of miR-27b on ARPE-19 cells under platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB stimulation was explored. In this study, we found that the expression level of miR-27b was significantly reduced in ARPE-19 cells under PDGF-BB stimulation. Ectopic expression of miR-27b remarkably inhibited PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) was a direct target for miR-27b, and that knockdown of Nox2 expression mimicked the inhibitory effect of miR-27b on PDGF-BB ?induced proliferation and migration in ARPE-19 cells, whereas, restoration of Nox2 expression showed an opposite effect. In addition, the ROS production and the activation of P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling induced by PDGF-BB were also suppressed by miR-27b overexpression or Nox2 silencing. Thus, these findings indicated that miR-27b exerted its protective role in RPE cells under PDGF-BB stimulation was partially through regulation of Nox2 and its downstream P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which might be a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of diseases caused by RPE proliferation, and migration.     

Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Diabetes: Mechanisms and Management

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of heart failure in the Western world, either secondary to coronary artery disease or from a distinct entity known as “diabetic cardiomyopathy.” Furthermore, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is emerging as a significant clinical problem for patients with DM. Current clinical data suggest that between 30% and 40% of patients with HFpEF suffer from DM. The typical structural phenotype of the HFpEF heart consists of endothelial dysfunction, increased interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, cardiomyocyte stiffness, and hypertrophy along with advanced glycation end products deposition. There is a myriad of mechanisms that result in the phenotypical HFpEF heart including impaired cardiac metabolism and substrate utilization, altered insulin signalling leading to protein kinase C activation, advanced glycated end products deposition, prosclerotic cytokine activation (eg, transforming growth factor-β activation), along with impaired nitric oxide production from the endothelium. Moreover, recent investigations have focused on the role of endothelial-myocyte interactions. Despite intense research, current therapeutic strategies have had little effect on improving morbidity and mortality in patients with DM and HFpEF. Possible explanations for this include a limited understanding of the role that direct cell-cell communication or indirect cell-cell paracrine signalling plays in the pathogenesis of DM and HFpEF. Additionally, integrins remain another important mediator of signals from the extracellular matrix to cells within the failing heart and might play a significant role in cell-cell cross-talk. In this review we discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of DM and HFpEF to stimulate potential future research for patients with this common, and morbid condition.     

Successful Percutaneous Closure of a Ruptured Saphenous Vein Graft Aneurysm

A 68-year-old man with previous coronary artery bypass surgery presented with acute onset chest pain. After ruling out an acute coronary syndrome, a computed tomography scan demonstrated a giant aneurysm (10 cm × 8 cm) of the right coronary artery saphenous vein graft (SVG) with signs of rupture into the mediastinum. An Amplatzer Vascular Plug II was successfully deployed at the proximal anastomosis of the SVG, achieving complete exclusion. At 6-month follow-up the patient remained asymptomatic and a computed tomography scan confirmed adequate position of the device. Amplatzer Vascular Plug II is a reasonable alternative for SVG aneurysm closure, providing the vein graft supplies nonviable myocardium.     

Inhibition of Erythroid Differentiation of Human Leukemia K562 Cells by N-acetylcysteine and Ascorbic Acid through Downregulation of ROS

正This study investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)and ascorbic acid(AA)on hemin-induced K562 cell erythroid differentiation and the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in this process.Hemin increased ROS levels in a concentration-dependent manner,whereas NAC and AA had opposite effects.Both NAC and AA eliminated transient increased ROS levels after hemin treatment,inhibited hemin-induced     

Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation and Coronary Disease Demystified

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive chronic disease characterized by exacerbations and periods of remission. It is estimated that up to 20% to 30% of those with AF also have coronary artery disease (CAD), and 5% to 15% will require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In patients with concomitant AF and CAD, management remains challenging and requires a careful and balanced assessment of the risk of bleeding against the anticipated impact on ischemic outcomes (AF-related stroke and systemic embolism, as well as ischemic coronary events). Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is indicated for the prevention of AF-related stroke and systemic embolism, whereas antiplatelet therapy is indicated for the prevention of coronary events. Each offers a relative efficacy benefit (dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT] is more effective than OAC alone in reducing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and ischemic coronary events in a population with acute coronary syndromes [ACS]), but with a relative compromise (DAPT is significantly inferior to OAC for the prevention of stroke/systemic embolism in an AF population at increased risk of stroke). The purpose of this review is to explore the current evidence and rationale for antithrombotic treatment strategies in patients with both AF and CAD. Specifically, there is a focus on how to best tailor the therapeutic choices (OAC and antiplatelet therapy) to individual patients based on their underlying coronary presentation.     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎25-(OH)维生素D、AMA-M2、ALP、IgM相关性研究

目的分析原发性胆汁性胆管炎与25-(OH)维生素D、抗线粒体抗体M2(AMA-M2)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)间的相关性。方法收集2018年1月至2019年12月28例本院原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者(A组)、20例肝硬化患者(B组)、20例健康体检(C组)进行研究,均检测抗线粒体抗体、25-(OH)维生素D、IgM、ALP等指标,对比研究分析检验结果。结果 (1)A组AMA、AMA-M2阳性率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)三组受检者间25-(OH)维生素D、IgM、ALP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组与B组间AST水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论原发性胆汁性胆管炎与25-(OH)维生素D、AMA-M2、ALP、IgM间有着密切关系,联合检测比单一的指标检测,能更好地为临床争取早期诊断、治疗,提供新的思路和科学依据,建议临床推广应用。     

ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对改善肿瘤病人临床结局的研究进展

近年来,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对恶性肿瘤的发生和转归的影响逐渐引起人们的重视.改善病人的恶病质、纠正恶性营养不良效果确切,对某些肿瘤存在潜在的抑制作用,并在逆转多药耐药的研究领域中也显示了良好的发展前景.