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51.
Rectal sensorimotor characteristics in female patients with idiopathic constipation with or without paradoxical sphincter contraction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Patients with chronic constipation fulfilling the Thompson criteria can show paradoxical sphincter contraction. Aim of this study was to evaluate rectal sensorimotor characteristics in patients with constipation with or without paradoxical sphincter contraction. Thirty female patients with chronic constipation and 22 female controls were investigated with anal manometry and rectal barostat. Paradoxical sphincter contraction was shown with manometry as a paradoxical increase of anal pressure during straining. Visceral sensitivity and compliance were tested by intermittent and continuous pressure-controlled distension. Patients were classified according to their sensations and compliance into normal, hypersensitive, reduced compliant, insensitive or excessive compliant rectum. Postprandial rectal response (PRR) and phasic volume events (PVEs) were registered for 1 h after a 600-kCal meal. Paradoxical sphincter contraction was found in 13 (43%) patients. In these patients, rectal sensitivity scores were higher (P = 0.045) than in patients without paradoxical contractions, but rectal compliance was not different. In 90% of patients an abnormal rectal sensitivity or compliance was found: excessively compliant in 35%, reduced compliant in 10%, hypersensitive in 27% and hyposensitive in 17%. Both patients with constipation (11%; P = 0.042) and controls (25%; P = 0.002) exhibited the presence of a postprandial rectal response. This response was not significantly different between idiopathic constipation, paradoxical sphincter contraction and controls. Patients with rectal hypersensitivity had lower response than other patients (P = 0.04). Patients with constipation had fewer basal PVEs compared controls (P = 0.03). Postprandial PVEs increased in both patients (P = 0.014) and controls (P < 0.001). Postprandial rectal response and PVE were not different in patients with or without paradoxical sphincter contraction. A total of 90% of female patients with idiopathic constipation show an abnormality in rectal sensation or compliance. The postprandial rectal response was comparable between patients with constipation and controls, however, PVEs were diminished. Patients with paradoxical sphincter contraction had higher rectal sensitivity but an unaltered compliance and postprandial rectal response. Future trials should investigate whether the classification of rectal abnormalities in patients with constipation has clinical importance. 相似文献
52.
胰岛素抵抗性高血压大鼠α1肾上腺素受体亚型的改变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的和方法:用高糖喂养复制胰岛素抵抗性高血压(insulin-resistanthypertension,IRH)大鼠模型,用放射配体结合实验和离体左心房及主动脉收缩功能实验,观察IRH大鼠α1肾上腺素受体(α1-adrenoceptor,α1-AR)及其3种亚型在心脏和主动脉的改变。结果和结论:IRH大鼠与同龄SD大鼠相比:(1)心脏α1-AR密度下降48%(P<005),而介导的正性变力效应不变。(2)心脏α1-AR3种亚型占α1-AR总数的比例和在介导心脏正性变力效应中的作用表现为α1B-AR增加,α1D-AR减少,而α1A-AR不变。(3)介导主动脉收缩的α1-AR及各亚型对激动剂的敏感性及最大收缩效应均无明显改变。 相似文献
53.
L. VITANOVA P. KUPENOVA E. POPOVA L. MITOVA 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1997,159(3):227-235
The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of GABA and glycine, the two main inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, in the spectral sensitivity coding under conditions of light adaptation. To study this question, spectral sensitivity curves, based on the turtle ERG responses to stimuli of different wavelengths, were constructed. The spectral sensitivity curves, obtained before and during treatment with picrotoxin (PT), a GABAA antagonist, or with strychnine (ST), a glycine antagonist, were compared. Both PT and ST increased the b- and d-wave absolute sensitivity in a wavelength-dependent manner. PT significantly changed the shape of the b- and d-wave spectral sensitivity curves and the latter lost their peaks. It is concluded that, under conditions of light adaptation, GABA and glycine took part in the formation of the b- and d-wave spectral sensitivity curves, that both of them exerted an effect on the gain and that, furthermore, GABA had a well pronounced effect on the tuning of the spectral sensitivity curves. 相似文献
54.
40例肺癌切除术病人,随机分为对照(S)组和地塞米松(S-D)组,采用氯胺酮-安氟醚静吸复合麻醉,对血清中过氧化脂质、胰岛素和皮质醇进行了初步观察。结果表明,血清过氧化脂质S-D组于手术毕显著低于S组(P〈0.05);血清胰岛素两组间没有统计学差异;血清皮质醇S-D组于气管插管后显著高于S组(P〈0.05)。作者认为肺癌切除术病人术前给地塞米松可有效地降低血清中过氧化脂质含量,利于维护脏器功能。 相似文献
55.
Beat Morell Manuel Meyer Othmar Porr Ulrich Bay Ernst R. Froesch 《Acta diabetologica》1984,21(4):303-313
Summary The objective of this study was to follow the development of microalbuminuria and nerve conduction velocity under continuous
i.v. insulin therapy over a limited period of 4 months. For this purpose, 8 labile type I diabetics were selected (age 33±8
years, duration of diabetes 16±9 years) and treated conventionally with two insulin injections daily over 4 months. Afterwards,
the same patients were treated with continuous i.v. insulin infusion and finally again with two injections daily over 4 months
each. This procedure allowed each diabetic to serve as his own control. HbA1, microalbuminuria, nerve conduction velocity and relative refractory period of the ulnar nerve were checked at montly intervals.
During the continuous i.v. infusion over 4 months, blood sugar values were significantly lower, glucosuria had disappeared
almost completely and the glycosylated hemoglobin had fallen to near normal values. The mean rate of albumin excretion was
16±5 μg/min at rest and 76±26 μg/min during exercise (normal: 3.9±0.4 and 4.8±1.2 μg/min, respectively) and did not change
significantly. Nerve conduction velocity in the ulnar nerve rose significantly under i.v. insulin therapy from 47.9±0.6 m/sec
to 52±0.6 m/sec. Similarly, the relative refractory period of the same nerve fell significantly from 3.7±0.2 to 1.9±0.1 msec
(i.e. to within normal range). It is concluded that functional disturbances of peripheral nerve can regress by improved blood
sugar control with continuous i.v. insulin infusion over 4 months. On the other hand, incipient microangiopathy measured as
microalbuminuria remains unchanged over the same period of time. If an improvement is at all possible, considerably longer
periods of euglycemia are likely to be necessary.
Supported by Grant No. 3.964-0.80 from the Swiss National Science Foundation. 相似文献
56.
目的:观察代谢综合征(MS)患者血管内皮损伤标志物血管性假性血友病因子抗原(vWF:Ag)、凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)及超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)的水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:测定67例MS患者(其中合并冠心病31例)及35例健康对照组TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP、空腹胰岛素(Fins)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)。结果:单纯MS组(B组)TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组(A组),P<0.05;MS合并冠心病组(C组)TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP水平均高于A组和B组,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素直线相关分析表明TM、vWF:Ag、Hs-CRP与IR显著正相关(r分别为0.32、0.36、0.38)。结论:MS患者血管内皮损伤标志物、CRP水平升高,且与IR抵抗有关。 相似文献
57.
58.
目的 研究虹膜夹型有晶状体眼人工晶状体(iris-claw phakic intraocular lens,ICPIOL)植人术后对比敏感度(contrastsensitivity,CS)的变化。方法 2005年5月至12月于温州医学院附属眼视光医院和中山大学中山眼科中心接受ICPIOL(Verisyse,美国AMO公司)植入术的高度近视眼患者12例(23只眼),分别在术前、术后1、3、6个月采用CS测试灯箱(CSV-1000型,美国Vector Vision公司)检查暗视状态下无/有眩光时的对比敏感度函数(contrast sensitivity function,CSF)。结果 术后1、3、6个月等效球镜度数分别为(-0.60±0.77)D,(-0.48±0.77)D,(-0.34±0.53)D,与术前(-15.53D±3.65D)差异均有显著统计学意义(P均〈0.001),最佳矫正视力(IogMAR)分别为0.064-0.12,0.02±0.09,-0.003±0.08,与术前(0.21±0.12)差异均有显著统计学意义(P均〈0.001)。术后各空间频率的CS与术前比较有增高趋势。术后3个月6、12、18周/度的CS在无眩光时和有眩光时均明显提高(P均〈0.01),开始接近正常范围。术后3、6个月在各空间频率上CS差异均无统计学意义(P均〉0.05)。结论 ICPIOL植入术矫治高度近视眼可以使CSF恢复到接近正常范围,显著改善视功能,是一种适用于高度乃至超高度近视眼的可供选择的屈光手术。 相似文献
59.
Robert H. K. Mak 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》1998,12(8):637-642
Insulin and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism was studied in 14 adolescents with uremia on hemodialysis. Glucose
tolerance was measured by intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemia clamp technique.
Insulin secretion during constant hyperglycemia was measured by the hyperglycemic clamp technique. Fasting plasma BCAA concentrations
were compared with data from 8 adolescent controls, whereas insulin indices were compared with 8 young adults controls and
with published normal data in adolescents. The patients could be further sub-divided into two groups with respect to their
growth velocity standard deviation score (GVSDS). Group 1 consisted of 7 patients with GVSDS less than −2. This group demonstrated
insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and low insulin secretion. This group also had low plasma valine, leucine, and isoleucine
concentrations compared with control values. Group 2 consisted of 7 patients with GVSDS more than −2. This group demonstrated
insulin resistance, but normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin secretion. Plasma valine, leucine, and isoleucine concentrations
in group 2 were not different from control values. Total plasma BCAA correlated with glucose tolerance index and with insulin
secretion, but not with insulin sensitivity. Growth failure in uremia is associated with glucose intolerance, hypoinsulinemia,
and low plasma BCAA concentrations. Impaired utilization of conventional energy sources leading to preferential oxidation
of BCAA may contribute to reduced anabolism and growth failure in uremia.
Received October 8, 1997; received in revised form February 3, 1998; accepted February 6, 1998 相似文献
60.