胸部肿瘤手术麻醉期间心律失常原因及处理

目的通过观察分析2485例胸科手术患者麻醉期间心律失常的发生情况,探讨胸科手术麻醉期间心律失常的发生原因及处理原则。方法麻醉期间采用胸前Ⅰ导联或标准Ⅱ导联连续监测ECG。记录心律失常的发生时间、类型、治疗措施及效果。结果麻醉中共发生各类心律失常2386例（96．02％）,严重心律失常827例（33．28％）,经及时处理,绝大多数均很快纠正。结果显示胸科手术麻醉期间易发生心律失常,主要原因包括全麻气管插管和拔管反应、手术过程中操作刺激、单肺通气时间过长、术前合并心肺疾病、术前心电图异常、高龄等,麻醉期间应予重视。结论胸科肿瘤手术麻醉期间心律失常发生率高,术前要进行充分准备,术中要严密监测,以降低围术期并发症和死亡率。     

心脏手术术后气管插管带管时间对声音嘶哑的影响

目的 分析在气管插管全身麻醉下接受心脏手术的患者术后发生声音嘶哑的情况及其影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2014年12月间在北京协和医院接受心脏手术患者的围术期资料,按照是否出现术后声音嘶哑分为声嘶组与对照组,分别统计两组患者的一般情况、手术麻醉信息、术后带管时间并作统计学分析;根据患者的带管时间分组,分别统计其声音嘶哑发病率并进行相关性分析.结果 在218例纳入研究的患者中,共有12例出现声音嘶哑,其平均术后带管时间显著长于对照组(P＜0.01);且声音嘶哑的发生率随术后带管时间延长而增加(P＜0.05).结论 在行心脏手术的患者中,发生声音嘶哑患者的术后带管时间较长,且声音嘶哑发生率随带管时间延长而升高.     

Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System

Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.     

硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇体位的探讨

目的 探讨硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇合适体位,常规去枕平卧位有无必要性。方法 行硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后的产妇109例,根据住院号单双数随机分为两组,观察组59例术后返回病房即给予垫枕,术后1～2h协助产妇翻身更换体位,按产妇需要取左侧卧位、右侧卧位或平卧位,对照组50例按常规去枕平卧位6h。观察两组产妇头痛,枕后项部及腹背部酸痛不适感、恶露排出、新生儿早吸吮情况。结果 两组比较头痛无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组枕后项部及腰背部酸痛不适感比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,观察组较对照组卧位舒适;两组新生儿早吸吮比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,观察组利于新生儿早吸吮。结论 硬膜外麻醉刮宫产术后6h内无需去枕平卧位预防头痛,应取垫枕自由体位。     

局部浸润和神经阻滞麻醉在会阴切开中的应用分析

目的 探讨会阴切开时不同麻醉方式对产妇的影响.方法 将100例产妇随机分为左侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉组(阻滞组)和局部组织浸润麻醉组(浸润组),每组50例,比较两组产妇镇痛效果、缝合时间、第四产程出血量及产后72h活动的情况.结果 浸润组在镇痛效果、缝合时间、出血量及产后的活动方面均优于阻滞组.结论 在会阴切开缝合术中应用小剂量利多卡因作阴部浸润麻醉有效减轻了产妇的切口疼痛,缩短缝合时间,减少第四产程出血量.     

麻醉穿刺时地塞米松对神经根损伤的疗效

目的探讨麻醉穿刺时地塞米松对神经根损伤的临床效果。方法腰硬联合麻醉穿刺过程中神经根损伤的剖腹产手术56患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组在手术结束前硬膜外注射地塞米松5mg加0.9%氯化钠注射液19mL。对照组注射0.9%氯化钠注射液10mL。比较2组患者的手术、麻醉时间和治疗效果。结果 2组患者手术时间和麻醉时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组有效率100%,无并发症发生,对照组有效率71.4%,并发症发生率为28.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论地塞米松对腰硬联合麻醉穿刺时造成的神经根损伤作用效果明显,并发症发生率较低,疗效确切。     

耳后小切口入路手术治疗三叉神经痛1100例临床分析

本文报告自１９８４年１月至１９９３年４月，对诊断为原发性三叉神经痛久治不愈者１１００例，采用局麻、耳后小切口入路行桥小脑角探查术。据术中发现不同病因采用神经血管减压术、肿瘤切除术等治疗。本组死亡２例，近期总有效率为９９．５％。对本病的治疗方法、术式的选择、并发症和副反应的防治等问题，进行了讨论。     

熵指数在临床麻醉中的应用

以脑电为基础的分析监测技术已用于临床麻醉深度的监测。随着频谱熵指数的出现并应用于临床,熵指数正受到越来越多的关注。该方法将脑电图信号定量后产生两个相应的参数:状态熵(SE)和反应熵(RE)。熵指数和脑电双频指数(BIS)均可用于监测麻醉药对中枢神经系统的影响。与BIS一样,RE仍难以反映疼痛刺激程度。     

Comparison of the effects of inhalational and total intravenous anesthesia on quality of recovery in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has shown promising results. However, fast and high-quality recovery after this procedure remains a challenge for neuroanesthesiologists. This study aimed to compare the quality of recovery after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery between patients who received inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and patients who received propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).Methods: Eighty-two patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery were randomized to receive either sevoflurane inhalation with manual infusion of remifentanil (sevoflurane group) or effect-site target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil (TIVA group). The primary outcome was the 40-item Quality of Recovery (QoR-40) score on postoperative day 1. The QoR-40 questionnaire was completed by patients the day before surgery and on postoperative days 1 and 2. Emergence agitation and recovery characteristics were also assessed.Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in the global QoR-40 scores on both postoperative days 1 and 2 (difference -8.7, 95% CI -18.0 to 0.7, and P = 0.204; -3.6, 95% CI -13.0 to 5.8, and P > 0.999, respectively). The time to verbal response and time to extubation were significantly shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the TIVA group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, the incidence of emergence agitation was lower in the TIVA group than in the sevoflurane group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Both inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane and propofol-based TIVA were appropriate anesthetic techniques for patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in terms of the quality of recovery up to 2 days postoperatively. Rapid emergence was observed in the sevoflurane group, while smooth emergence was observed in the TIVA group.