硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇体位的探讨

目的 探讨硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后6h内产妇合适体位,常规去枕平卧位有无必要性。方法 行硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术后的产妇109例,根据住院号单双数随机分为两组,观察组59例术后返回病房即给予垫枕,术后1～2h协助产妇翻身更换体位,按产妇需要取左侧卧位、右侧卧位或平卧位,对照组50例按常规去枕平卧位6h。观察两组产妇头痛,枕后项部及腹背部酸痛不适感、恶露排出、新生儿早吸吮情况。结果 两组比较头痛无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组枕后项部及腰背部酸痛不适感比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,观察组较对照组卧位舒适;两组新生儿早吸吮比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,观察组利于新生儿早吸吮。结论 硬膜外麻醉刮宫产术后6h内无需去枕平卧位预防头痛,应取垫枕自由体位。     

Identifying c-fos Expression as a Strategy to Investigate the Actions of General Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System

Although general anesthetics have been used in the clinic for more than 170 years, the ways in which they induce amnesia, unconsciousness, analgesia, and immobility remain elusive. Modulations of various neural nuclei and circuits are involved in the actions of general anesthetics. The expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos and its nuclear product, c-fos protein, can be induced by neuronal depolarization; therefore, c-fos staining is commonly used to identify the activated neurons during sleep and/or wakefulness, as well as in various physiological conditions in the central nervous system. Identifying c-fos expression is also a direct and convenient method to explore the effects of general anesthetics on the activity of neural nuclei and circuits. Using c-fos staining, general anesthetics have been found to interact with sleep- and wakefulness-promoting systems throughout the brain, which may explain their ability to induce unconsciousness and emergence from general anesthesia. This review summarizes the actions of general anesthetics on neural nuclei and circuits based on a c-fos expression.     

熵指数在临床麻醉中的应用

以脑电为基础的分析监测技术已用于临床麻醉深度的监测。随着频谱熵指数的出现并应用于临床,熵指数正受到越来越多的关注。该方法将脑电图信号定量后产生两个相应的参数:状态熵(SE)和反应熵(RE)。熵指数和脑电双频指数(BIS)均可用于监测麻醉药对中枢神经系统的影响。与BIS一样,RE仍难以反映疼痛刺激程度。     

Can lubrication of the eyelid speculum reduce overall pain perception associated with cataract surgery by phacoemulsification performed under topical anesthesia?

Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using the lubricated eyelid speculum on the overall pain perception by the subject patients who underwent cataract surgery by phacoemulsification technique under topical anesthesia.Methods:A prospective interventional randomized comparative study was conducted at the tertiary eye care center, wherein adult patients scheduled for bilateral cataract surgery with phacoemulsification techniques under topical anesthesia were randomized to undergo surgery with two different modes of eyelid speculum insertion, either with or without lubrication of the eyelid speculum. Fifty percent of the patients underwent surgery with eyelid speculum without lubrication, and 50% with lubrication of the eyelid speculum. The primary outcome was to compare the level of overall pain perception among the subject patients of the two groups by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the immediate postoperative period.Results:The study included 130 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery (n = 260 eyes) under topical anesthesia, wherein n = 130 eyes underwent surgery using lubricated eyelid speculum and n = 130 eyes underwent surgery with dry eyelid speculum. Pain perception score assessed on the VAS (0–10 cm) ranged from 0.5 to 6, with a mean ± standard deviation of 2.06 ± 1.12. A significant correlation was found with two different methods of eyelid speculum insertion with reduced overall pain perception in patients with the use of lubricated eyelid speculum compared to the dry eyelid speculum (P = 0.0001).Conclusion:The overall pain perception associated with cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique under topical anesthesia can be further minimized by lubricating the eyelid speculum prior to insertion for exposing the globe.     

心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠上胸段硬膜外阻滞治疗后心功能和β_3肾上腺素能受体表达变化

目的:探讨上胸段硬膜外阻滞治疗对心肌梗死(MI)后心力衰竭大鼠心功能和β3肾上腺素能受体基因表达的影响.方法:48只大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组,n=12)和左冠状动脉结扎组(LAD组,n=36),LAD组大鼠再随机分为心衰组(CHF组,n=14)和硬膜外阻滞治疗组(HTEA组,n=14).4 wk后各组均经寰枕关节置入PE-10导管至胸段硬膜外腔,置管术后24 h S组和CHF组于硬膜外腔注入9 g/L生理盐水(100 μL/kg,2次/d,4 wk).HTEA组于硬膜外腔注入125 g/L布比卡因(100 μL/kg,2次/d,4 wk).4 wk后行超声多普勒测定心功能的参数;测量和计算心脏与体质量(HW/BW)、左心室与体质量(LVW/BW)的比值;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)半定量测定心肌组织β3AR和eNOS mRNA.结果:与CHF组相比较,HTEA组的LVEDd和LVEDs减小,EF和FS有所增加;HW/BW和LVW/BW有所降低;β3AR和eNOS mRNA表达明显减少.结论:上胸段硬膜外阻滞治疗可以改善MI后心衰大鼠的心功能,减缓心室重构,降低或延缓β3AB和eNOS mBNA的表达.     

全麻快诱导期非加压通气的可行性

目的观察丙泊酚-爱可松-瑞芬太尼快诱导期非正压通气的可行性及对急性胃扩张的预防效果。方法20例择期全麻病人入手术室即作动脉血气分析,高流量(8~10L/m in)吸氧5m in后静注丙泊酚(2mg/kg)-爱可松(0.8mg/kg)-瑞芬太尼(1μg/kg)序贯快诱导(60 s内注射完毕),60 s后气管插管。插管成功即刻再进行动脉血气分析。诱导插管期间任由患者进入无呼吸状态而不给予正压辅助通气。结果各病人诱导后插管条件满意,平均插管耗时27.45 s。诱导插管后患者的PaO2、PaCO2均上升,与基础值相比分别为(242±111)Vs(93±10)mm Hg(P<0.01)和(45±8)Vs(39±4)mm Hg(P<0.01),无急性胃扩张发生。结论经5m in的高流量纯氧预吸后,丙泊酚-爱可松-瑞芬太尼快诱导插管期无通气并无低氧、高碳酸血症的发生,且可有效防止诱导期急性胃扩张发生。     

羟乙基淀粉对硬膜外阻滞血管扩张致血压下降的预防作用

目的 :探讨羟乙基淀粉对硬膜外阻滞血管扩张致血压下降的预防作用。方法 :选择硬膜外麻醉下行子宫切除术患者 12 0例 ,随机分为两组 ,羟乙基淀粉组 :硬膜外开始注药前 10分钟即输 6 %羟乙基淀粉 ,麻醉完全显效时 (首剂量后 10分钟 )输完 5 0 0ml,继之用平衡液维持。平衡液组 :硬膜外开始注药前 10分钟只输平衡液 ,麻醉完全显效时 (首剂量后 10分钟 )输完 5 0 0ml,继之用平衡液维持。观察硬膜外麻醉注药前以及注药后 5、10分钟收缩压、舒张压的变化。结果 :羟乙基淀粉组注药后 5、10分钟收缩压、舒张压较注药前无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。平衡液组注药后 5、10分钟收缩压、舒张压较注药前明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :羟乙基淀粉可预防硬膜外麻醉致血管扩张引起的血压下降。     

麻醉诱导前使用右美托咪啶的婴幼儿体外循环手术的护理配合

目的 探讨麻醉诱导前使用右美托咪啶的婴幼儿体外循环手术的护理配合.方法 选取60例先心病患儿行体外循环下心内直视手术治疗患儿为研究对象,数字法随机将其分为两组各30例,对照组给予常规手术治疗及护理,观察组在麻醉诱导前给予右美托嘧啶泵注及相应针对性护理配合,观察两组患者临床疗效和患儿家属对护理的满意度.结果 经过一定的护理配合治疗后,结果显示两组患儿术后心脏指数(CD、心搏指数(SI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室作功指数(LCWI)等心功能指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组患儿家属的满意度(96.7％)显著高于对照组(80.0％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 麻醉诱导前使用右美托咪啶的婴幼儿体外循环手术,加强术前充分护理准备,提高术中娴熟配合技巧,严密观察病情,能确保手术治疗效果,提高患儿家属的护理满意度.     

小儿扁桃体腺样体手术麻醉苏醒期并发症分析

目的 分析小儿扁桃体腺样体手术麻醉苏醒期并发症发生情况,探讨预防和减少其发生的措施.方法 对110例小儿扁桃体腺样体手术资料进行分析,观察与手术、麻醉、治疗药物等有关的并发症发生情况.结果 麻醉苏醒期总的并发症发生率为29%(32/110).其中与手术有关的并发症发生率为4.5%(5/110),与麻醉有关的并发症发生率为22.7%(25/110),无苏醒延迟和呕吐,与治疗药物有关的并发症发生率为1.8%(2/110).结论 术前控制感染、术中精细操作、气管导管拔出时机的恰当选择,可预防或减少小儿扁桃体腺样体手术麻醉苏醒期并发症的发生.