布比卡因等比重腰麻用于妇科腹腔镜手术

目的 探讨布比卡因等比重腰麻用于妇科腹腔镜手术的可行性。方法 妇科腹腔镜手术59例，ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级，分为布比卡因等比重腰麻（isobaric spinal anesthesia，ISA）组35例，全麻（general anesthesia，GA）组24例，观察ISA组气腹前后阻滞平面的变化及术中口述疼痛评分，监测两组的BP、HR，SpO2、PEICO2、Pa—CO2等生命体征，比较两组术后恶心呕吐的发生率及手术时间。结果 ISA组C02气腹使阻滞平面上升2～4个节段，气腹引起轻～中度疼痛，随阻滞平面上升，疼痛消失或减轻；ISA组腰麻后BP、HR下降，但大部分不需升压药、阿托品，GA组Bp、HR稳定；ISA组有2例患者术中SpO2〈90％，GA组术中SpO2≥98％；两组气腹后PETCO2、PaCO2保持稳定；GA组术后恶心呕吐的发生率高于ISA组，两组手术时间相同。结论 布比卡因等比重腰麻操作简单、起效快、不良反应少，可用于妇科腹腔镜手术。     

硝普钠控制性降压用于脊柱手术的临床研究

目的:探讨硝普钠控制性降压在脊柱手术中的临床应用。方法:72例拟在全麻下行脊柱手术患者随机分成两组:观察组(硝普钠组,n=36)与对照组(n=36)。所有患者均静脉注射咪唑安定0.1mg.kg-1、丙泊酚2mg.kg-1、芬太尼2μg.kg-1和采用预注给药的阿曲库铵进行气管内插管,以异氟醚或氨氟醚、阿曲库铵和芬太尼维持麻醉。观察组在手术进入椎体前3～5min由输液泵输入0.01%硝普钠,控制速度使收缩压维持于60～80mmHg的范围。记录两组出血量、输血量、输液量、手术时间,术后1h血红蛋白与术前血红蛋白等。结果:两组患者基本情况、手术类型、晶体液、胶体液输入量无统计学差异;观察组术中失血量和输血量均明显少于对照组,且手术时间明显缩短;两组术后1h血红蛋白与术前比较均有所下降,但差异无显著性。结论:脊柱手术中采用硝普钠控制性降压效果安全、可靠,可明显减少术中出血量及输血量,缩短手术时间。     

相对浅的全麻比扩容能更好地预防局部浸润肾上腺素所致的低血压

目的 比较相对浅的全麻与扩容对预防局部浸润肾上腺素所致低血压的效果.方法 90例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期行鼻内窥镜手术的患者,随机分为3组,每组30例.全麻诱导后,Ⅰ组靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚2μg/ml 雷米芬太尼2 ng/ml维持麻醉,Ⅱ组(对照组)和Ⅲ组靶控输注异丙酚4 μg/ml 雷米芬太尼4 ng/ml维持麻醉;Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组20 min内输注羟乙基淀粉5 ml/kg扩容,Ⅲ组输注羟乙基淀粉10 ml/kg扩容.所有患者均接受鼻黏膜局部浸润注射含肾上腺素(5 μg/ml)的利多卡因(1%,4 m1).注射开始后5 min内每隔30秒记录一次平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR);同时记录该时段MAP的最低值和最高值,计算MAP最大降低百分比和最大升高百分比.结果 各组均出现了明显的血液动力学变化,特别是在1.5 min时,MAP明显降低并伴随HR明显增快(P<0.05).MAP最大降低百分比:Ⅰ组(14%)<Ⅲ组(24%)<Ⅱ组(26%),Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).MAP最大升高百分比:Ⅰ组(9%)>>Ⅱ组(6%)>Ⅲ组(2%),Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 相对浅的全麻比扩容能更好地预防鼻内窥镜手术中局部浸润注射含肾上腺素的利多卡因所致的低血压.     

Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase correlates with postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A retrospective cohort study based on STROBE statement

Little is known about the association between serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after general anesthesia. Thus, we investigated the association of serum ALP levels with POCD in patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia in a retrospective cohort study. We retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia between May 2016 and June 2020. Serum ALP activity was detected using a p-nitrophenyl phosphate assay. Pre-and postoperative cognitive function were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the effect of ALP on cognitive function. The incidence of POCD was 13.5%. Compared with the control group, the POCD group had higher ALP levels. The neuropsychological test results suggested that the scores of most items were lower in the POCD group than in the non-POCD group. Univariate logistic regression indicated that increased ALP levels were significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction (odds ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.18, P = .000). Multivariate regression showed that elevated ALP was still associated with POCD after adjusting for confounding factors (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–1.18, P = .000). The spline regression model indicated the dose–response associations between ALP level and POCD risk (P for nonlinear trend < .001). Our study indicated that elevated serum ALP was an independent predictive factor of POCD at the 3-month follow-up. The occurrence of POCD could be associated with inflammatory status.     

Impact of regional anesthesia on outcomes of geriatric patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization: A propensity score-matched cohort study

Lower extremity revascularization (LER) for peripheral artery disease in elderly patients is associated with a high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to a conduct retrospective review and propensity score matching analysis to determine whether the use of regional anesthesia (RA) instead of general anesthesia (GA) in geriatric patients undergoing LER for peripheral artery disease results in improved short-term mortality and health outcomes. We reviewed medical records of 1271 patients aged >65 years who underwent LER at our center between May 1998 and February 2016. According to the anesthesia method, patients were grouped in the GA and RA groups. The primary outcome was short-term mortality (7-day and 30-day). The secondary outcomes were 5-year survival rate, intraoperative events, postoperative morbidity, and postoperative length of stay. A propensity score-matched cohort design was used to control for potentially confounding factors including patient demographics, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, and preoperative medications. After propensity score matching, 722 patients that received LER under GA (n = 269) or RA (n = 453) were identified. Patients from the GA group showed significantly higher 7-day mortality than those from the RA group (5.6% vs 2.7% P = .048); however, there was no significant difference in 30-day mortality between the groups (GA vs RA: 6.3% vs 3.6%, P = .083). The 5-year survival rate and incidence of arterial and central venous catheter placement or intraoperative dopamine and epinephrine use were significantly higher in the GA group than in the RA group (P < .05). In addition, the frequency of immediate postoperative oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation support was higher in the GA group (P < .05). However, there was no difference in the postoperative cardiopulmonary and cerebral complications between the 2 groups. These results suggest that RA can reduce intraoperative hemodynamic support and provide immediate postoperative respiratory intensive care. In addition, the use of RA may be associated with better short-term and 5-year survival rates in geriatric patients undergoing LER.     

腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉麻醉对髋关节置换术患者血流动力学、应激反应、术后苏醒的影响

目的 探讨腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉麻醉对髋关节置换术患者血流动力学、应激反应、术后苏醒的影响.方法 选取行髋关节置换术患者115例,根据手术麻醉方法分为观察组60例和对照组55例.观察组给予腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉全身麻醉,对照组给予单纯全凭静脉全身麻醉.于麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后10 min(T1)、麻醉后30 m...     

针刺复合麻醉对机体保护的临床及机理研究概况

针刺复合麻醉在临床运用上有独特优势,通过检索国内外有关文献,证实了针刺复合麻醉对循环、呼吸、免疫、神经等多个系统的保护作用,为临床运用提供了可靠证据。