失效模式与效应分析在麻醉复苏期风险管理中的应用

目的识别麻醉复苏期患者医疗处置过程中的潜在风险,改进复苏流程。方法运用失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)工具,对患者麻醉复苏期医疗处置流程进行分析,查找每个医疗环节中可能存在的风险;针对管理制度不完善、具体流程不明确、人员职责不清楚及技能培训不到位等关键环节,实施改进措施1年。结果麻醉复苏期患者医疗风险危机值(RPN)由改进前的1 721降至357,不良事件发生率由改进前的2.40%降至0.97%(P0.01)。结论运用FMEA对麻醉复苏期患者实施医疗风险管理,有助于规范患者麻醉复苏工作流程,保障了患者复苏期全过程的安全,有利于麻醉复苏工作质量的持续改进。     

异丙酚静脉麻醉辅助胃肠镜检查的临床应用

目的：2003年6月～2004年6月对860例胃镜检查，490例肠镜检查病人辅以使用异丙酚静脉麻醉检查．分析探讨异丙酚应用于内镜检查中的适应人群、最佳剂量、安全性、顺应性和临床意义。方法：本组病例均无胃肠镜检查及异丙酚麻醉禁忌证，术前与患者签定知情同意书．开通静脉通道。备好各种抢救物品及药品。作好BP、HR、SpO2监护，并作记录。结果：注射异丙酚后，起效时间为15～20s，用药量在100～200mg，检查后对操作过程完全遗忘100％，满意100％。围内镜检查期，BP、HR、SPO2基本维持在正常范围，胃肠镜操作比患者清醒时检查更为顺利。结论：应用异丙酚静脉麻醉辅助内镜检查显著改善病人耐受性，也具有较好的安全性和顺应性，值得推广应用。     

美托咪啶用于全身麻醉的随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的评价美托咪啶用于全身麻醉患者的临床效果和安全性。方法电子检索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、Ovid、外文生物医学期刊全文数据库和CBMdisc、CNKI，文献检索起止时间均从建库至2008年4月，同时检索纳入文献的参考文献，纳人探讨美托咪啶用于全身麻醉患者的临床效果与安全性的随机对照试验，并逐个进行质量评价和资料提取。统计学分析采用RevMan4．2．10软件。结果共纳入25个随机对照试验（共1241例）。Meta分析结果显示：与生理盐水相比，美托咪啶能降低围手术期患者的心率和血压，减少术后恶心呕吐[RR=0．57，95％CI（0．38，0．84）]、躁动[RR=0．29，95％CI（0．17，0．51）]、寒战[RR=0．45，95％CI（0．29，0．68）]，但增加患者心动过缓[RR：2．16,95％CI（1．58，2．95）]和低血压[RR=2．97，95％CI（1．42，6．18）]的发生率。加用美托咪啶能减少硫喷妥钠、异氟醚、芬太尼的用量，而在减少肌松药的用量方面与生理盐水相比，两者差异无统计学意义。美托咪啶在早期苏醒指标上与生理盐水组无差异，由于术后并发症较少，美托咪啶组患者能更快地出苏醒室[WMD=15．17，95％CI（3．87，26．46）]。结论现有有限资料表明，在维持围手术期血流动力学平衡上，美托咪啶优于生理盐水。此外，美托咪啶还能减少术后恶心呕吐、躁动、寒战的发生；减少静脉和吸入麻醉药的用量，但不减少肌松药的用量；在苏醒时间上，美托咪啶与生理盐水组无差异，在出苏醒室时间上，美托咪啶更有优势。     

Integrating computerized anesthesia charting into a hospital information system

Background: Systems for computerization of anesthesia records have typically been stand-alone computers many times connected to monitoring devices in the operating theater. A system was developed and tested at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA that was an integral part of the Health Evaluation through Logical Processing (HELP) hospiial information system.Methods: The system was evaluated using time and motion studies to assess impact of the system on the anesthesiologists use of time, an assessment for completeness of the anesthesia record was conducted, and a questionnaire was used to assess anesthesiologists attitudes. Timing studies were performed on 44 surgical cases before computerization and 41 surgical cases after computerization. For both before and after computerization, about 80% of procedures were D&C, vaginal hysterectomy, laparoscopy, tubal ligation, or A&P repair.Results: The study showed a major reduction in time required for charting from 20.4% to 13.4% which was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Other significant factors were a reduction in the time spent scanning the entire area which dropped from 10.5% to 5.6% (p=0.001), patient preparation time increased from 10.1% to 13.1% (p=0.02), the time spent arranging equipment increased from 6.4% to 8.1%, and the average time spent on non-anesthesia activities increased from 6.3% to 11.3%. The computerized anesthesia record was more legible, and complete than the manual record. The overall assessment of computer charting by anesthesiologists questionnaire was positive. The computerized anesthesia charting was preferred by the anesthesiologists, who, after one or two training sessions, used the system on their own.Conclusions: It appears that having a computerized anesthesia charting system that is an integral part of a hospital information system not only saves anesthesiologists charting time, but also improves the quality of the record and was well accepted by busy private practive anesthesiologists.     

Observations on use of wrong agent in an anesthesia agent vaporizer

The creation of agent mixtures from the addition of the wrong agent to a vaporizer might pose a risk to the patient. Patient injury would be more likely if the anesthesia gas monitor displayed erroneous concentration values. Conventional inhalation agent monitors do not necessarily distinguish anesthetic agents. Some modern monitors have that ability but its clinical significance has not been determined. We wanted to simulate such an erroneous mixture in a laboratory setup. Six comparisons were made. Isoflurane, Enflurane, and Halothane vaporizers were first filled with the correct agent. They were run at 5 liters/minute fresh oxygen flow at a vaporizer dial setting of 5% until it reached the refill line. Then, one of two incorrect agents was added to the full line. Thereafter, the vaporizer continued at the same flow and the same dial setting until it was exhausted. Vaporizer output was recorded or calculated by using three methods of measurement: mass spectrometry, conventional infrared analysis (at 3.3 micrometer wave length), and piezoelectric crystal analysis. Additional calculations were used to estimate measurements that could not be made because of lack of available equipment. In a Halothane vaporizer: Enflurane added – not a significant problem; Isoflurane added – not a significant problem. In an Isoflurane vaporizer: Halothane added – not a significant problem; Enflurane added – not a significant problem. In an Enflurane vaporizer: Isoflurane added – not a significant problem; Halothane added – The sum of the delivered Halothane MAC and the delivered Enflurane MAC was twice the expected Enflurane MAC output from vaporizer, with conventional agent monitor reading which showed decreasing agent concentration. Patient injury could be more likely in this last case. In this last case and in all cases, piezoelectric crystal monitoring correctly displayed the sum of the two agent concentrations in volumes percent. Automatic agent identification can identify erroneous agents.     

Avaliação do programa de aprimoramento em anestesia cardiovascular por seus ex‐estagiários

Background

After advancement of cardiovascular surgery, there is also exponential development of anesthetic techniques in this field. Patients with increasing clinical complexity challenge cardiac anesthesiologists to keep constantly updated. An evaluation of Brazilian's cardiovascular anesthesia fellowship at Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology has been made and information has been collected to evaluate the fellowship program in cardiovascular anesthesia.

Anestesia e doença de Alzheimer – Percepções atuais

Background and objectives

It has been speculated that the use of anesthetic agents may be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease. The objective of this review is to describe and discuss pre‐clinical and clinical data related to anesthesia and this disease.

Anestesia em criança operada para lábio leporino associado à síndrome de Patau

Patients with Patau's syndrome (Trisomy 13) have multiple craniofacial, cardiac, neurological and renal anomalies with very less life expectancy. Among craniofacial anomalies cleft lip and palate are common. These craniofacial and cardiac anomalies present difficulties with anesthesia. We therefore describe the anesthetic management in the case of a Trisomy 13 child for operated for cleft lip at 10 months of age.     

Pé caído: uma complicação iatrogênica da anestesia espinhal

Background and objectives

Foot drop in postoperative period is very rare after spinal anesthesia. Early clinical assessment and diagnostic interventions is of prime importance to establish the etiology and to start appropriate management. Close follow‐up is warranted in early postoperative period in cases when patient complain paresthesia or pain during needle insertion or drug injection.

Nueva evidencia en ventilación unipulmonar

Mechanical ventilation in thoracic surgery has undergone significant changes in recent years due to the implementation of the protective ventilation. This review will analyze recent ventilatory strategies in one-lung ventilation.A MEDLINE research was performed using Mesh term “One-Lung Ventilation” including randomized clinical trials, metanalysis, reviews and systematic reviews published in the last 6 years. Search was performed on 21st March 2017. A total of 75 articles were initially found. After title and abstract review 14 articles were included.Protective ventilation is not simply synonymous of low tidal volume ventilation, but it also includes routine use of PEEP and alveolar recruitment maneuver. New techniques are still in discussion namely PEEP adjustment, ratio inspiration:expiration, ideal type of anesthesia during one-lung ventilation and hypercapnic ventilation.