HPLC法测定青辛速释贴中靛蓝的含量

目的 建立青辛速释贴中靛蓝的含量测定方法。方法 采用索氏提取,HPLC法测定青辛速释贴中靛蓝的含量,色谱柱:Shim—pack VP-ODS柱(4.6×250mm),流动相:甲醇-乙腈-0.1 mol/L乙酸铵(60:4:36),流速:1.0 mL/min,柱温:30℃,进样量:20 μL,检测波长:280 nm。结果靛蓝在0.44～6.60 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9991);平均回收率为103.6％,RSD=1.11％。结论 该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好,可用于青辛速释贴的质量控制。     

Anaphylactic reactions to ingested carmine (E120)

We report five cases of anaphylactic reaction to carmine (cochineal. E120) after patients drank an alcoholic beverage. By means of positive skin prick tests (SPT) and positive RAST to carmine, IgE-mediated sensitization could be established. One nonalopic patient showed also a great amount of serum IgE antibodies to the carmine acid-albumin conjugate. Due to its widespread use in the food and cosmetic industry, carmine should be tested in the allergy work-up in case of allergic reactions after a drink or a meal.     

不同染色放大内镜方法在早期胃癌及癌前病变筛查中临床价值的前瞻性评估

目的前瞻性评价不同染色放大内镜方法在早期胃癌及癌前病变筛查中的临床价值。方法2010年3月至2011年10月期间．在复旦大学附属中山医院接受胃镜检查且年龄超过40岁的病例中,有699例发现胃黏膜可疑病灶。根据随机号将其分人肾上腺素染色放大组（240例）、靛胭脂染色放大组（246例）和靛胭脂冰醋酸混合液染色放大组（213例）。详细记录不同染色方法下病灶胃小区腺体开口形态和毛细血管网络情况等,作出镜下诊断。以病理诊断为金标准,采用Kappa一致性检验评价不同染色放大方法镜下诊断与病理诊断的一致性。采用MeNemar配对卡方检验,比较3种染色方法镜下诊断与普通白光、单独放大、窄带成像（NBI）放大镜下诊断的一致性。结果病理活检结果显示,699例病例中炎性病变415例,肠化生190例,低级别上皮内瘤变17例,高级别上皮内瘤变或早期胃癌77例。肾上腺素染色放大、靛胭脂染色放大和靛胭脂冰醋酸混合液染色放大镜下诊断与病理诊断一致的病例分别占77．1％（185／240）、80．5％（198／246）和81．2％（173／213）,Kappa值分别为0．579、0．502和0．667（均P〈0．01）。对于高级别上皮内瘤变或早期胃癌的筛查,3种染色方法镜下诊断的敏感度分别为84．0％、83.3％和92．9％,特异度分别为98．6％、97.3％和98．4％。3种染色方法均可显著提高普通白光对癌前病变镜下诊断的准确率（均P〈0．01）：靛胭脂染色和靛胭脂冰醋酸混合液染色还可显著提高单独放大对病变诊断的准确率（均P〈0．05）;但与NBI放大相比,3种染色方法镜下诊断的准确率均无明显优势（均P〉0．05）。结论NBI放大和3种染色放大方法均可显著提高早期胃癌及癌前病变镜下诊断的准确性。     

合成食用色素日落黄、亮蓝的示波极谱测定

本文提出了用示波极谱法测定合成食用色素日落黄、亮蓝的方法。用该法测定日落黄的最佳体系为0.1mol/L NH_3—NH_4Cl缓冲液(pH8～9),测定亮蓝的最佳体系为0.25mol/L NaAc—1.4mol/L HAC的缓冲液(pH3.6)。在一定浓度范围内,峰高与两色素的浓度成正比。该方法选择性好,灵敏度高,已成功地应用于某些食品中日落黄和亮蓝的测定。     

色素内镜对胃肠粘膜病变的诊断价值

目的探讨美蓝/靛胭脂染色对胃肠粘膜病变的辅助诊断价值。方法以0.5％美蓝与0.2％靛胭脂溶液,经内镜直视下在病灶处喷洒染色。结果 152例中胃部病变116例,其中萎缩性胃炎43例,浅表性胃炎19例,胃溃疡25例,炎性增生性病变19例,溃疡型癌症10例,早期胃癌6例;30例结肠病变中炎性增生性息肉10例,管状腺瘤6例,溃疡4例,肠炎8例,癌疑2例。结论该方法简便易行,染色后可使病变更加清楚,有助于正确活检,提高活检阳性率。对识别早期癌尤其微小癌灶具有重要价值。     

Methylene blue but not indigo carmine is toxic to human luteal cells in vitro

Methylene blue (MB) is reported to be teratogenic when injected intra-amniotically. Indigo carmine (IC) appears to be a safe alternative. To determine if MB has potential detrimental effects on ovarian tissue, we compared the effect of MB and IC on human granulosa luteal cell (GC) function in vitro. Human oocyte-cumulus complexes were obtained during in vitro fertilization cycles and one to three were placed in an organ culture dish. After insemination with sperm, oocytes were removed the day after retrieval and the attached GC were washed daily for 3 more days by changing 2 mL of culture medium. All the dishes were treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for the next 24 h and progesterone (P) production during this interval was taken as baseline. Test chemicals were added with hCG for the next 48 h with daily media changes. The P production during the last 24 h of chemical treatment was expressed as a percentage of the baseline. MB significantly reduced P production whereas IC did not appear to have any effect. Moreover, under inverted microscopy more than 90% of the GC cells contained several small bluish intracellular granules when exposed to 0.01% MB but not 0.01% IC. These results indicate that MB may be taken up and processed by GC cells and inhibits P production. This finding adds to previous reports on the use of in vitro GC assay to identify potential reproductive toxicants. The clinical significance of this preliminary study needs further investigation.     

Indigo carmine for the selective endoscopic intervertebral nuclectomy

This study was undertaken to prove that the selectively infiltrated parts of nucleus pulposus with indigo carmine was degenerated parts of nucleus pulposus. This study was done, between August and October 2002, in 5 patients, who received endoscopic discectomy, due to intervertebral disc herniation. Discogram was done with mixture of indigo carmine and radioactive dye. Blue discolored part was removed through endoscope, and small undiscolored part was removed together for the control. The two parts were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and compared under the microscope. Undiscolored part was normal nucleus pulposus, composed of chondrocytes with a matrix of type II collagen and proteoglycan, mainly aggrecan. However, in discolored part, slits with destruction of collagen fiber array and ingrowth of vessel and nerve were observed. Using indigo carmine in endoscopic discectomy gives us selective removal of degenerated disc.     

New CYP1 genes in the frog Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis: induction patterns and effects of AHR agonists during development

The Xenopus tropicalis genome shows a single gene in each of the four cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) subfamilies that occur in vertebrates, designated as CYP1A, CYP1B1, CYP1C1, and CYP1D1. We cloned the cDNAs of these genes and examined their expression in untreated tadpoles and in tadpoles exposed to waterborne aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), β-naphthoflavone (βNF), or indigo. We also examined the effects of PCB126 on expression of genes involved in stress response, cell proliferation, thyroid homeostasis, and prostaglandin synthesis. PCB126 induced CYP1A, CYP1B1, and CYP1C1 but had little effect on CYP1D1 (77-, 1.7-, 4.6- and 1.4-fold induction versus the control, respectively). βNF induced CYP1A and CYP1C1 (26- and 2.5-fold), while, under conditions used, indigo tended to induce only CYP1A (1.9-fold). The extent of CYP1 induction by PCB126 and βNF was positively correlated to the number of putative dioxin response elements 0-20 kb upstream of the start codons. No morphological effect was observed in tadpoles exposed to 1 nM-10 μM PCB126 at two days post-fertilization (dpf) and screened 20 days later. However, in 14-dpf tadpoles a slight up-regulation of the genes for PCNA, transthyretin, HSC70, Cu-Zn SOD, and Cox-2 was observed two days after exposure to 1 μM PCB126. This study of the full suite of CYP1 genes in an amphibian species reveals gene- and AHR agonist-specific differences in response, as well as a much lower sensitivity to CYP1 induction and short-term toxicity by PCB126 compared with in fish larvae. The single genes in each CYP1 subfamily may make X. tropicalis a useful model for mechanistic studies of CYP1 functions.     

Protective effect of indigo naturalis extract against oxidative stress in cultured human keratinocytes

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Indigo naturalis is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various skin disorders.

Aim of the study

The aims were to explore the effect of indigo naturalis on suppressing oxidative stress and protein modifications by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, in cultured primary human keratinocytes.

Materials and methods

Indigo naturalis extract at a dose that did not cause cytotoxicity was added to cultured keratinocytes in the absence or the presence of H₂O₂ or HNE. The degree of cytotoxicity, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and amount of protein carbonyl groups were evaluated.

Results

Indigo naturalis extract at the concentration of 10 μg/ml had no protective effect against H₂O₂ or HNE-induced cytotoxicity, but decreased intracellular levels of ROS after H₂O₂ treatment and suppressed the increase of protein carbonyl groups induced by HNE.

Conclusion

Indigo naturalis possesses an inhibitory effect on formation of intracellular ROS induced by exogenous ROS and protein modification induced by HNE in human keratinocytes, which is relevant to the alleviation of inflammatory skin diseases.     

基于粒子设计原理的青黛-白矾复合粒子的制备及表征

目的 基于粒子设计原理,制备并表征具有核壳结构的青黛-白矾复合粒子。方法 以粒径为评价指标,研究壳粒子的制备时间;以接触角为评价指标,研究复合粒子的复合时间。分别制备青黛细粉、白矾细粉、青黛-白矾细粉混合物及青黛-白矾复合粒子,从粒径分布、粉末颜色、微观结构、表面元素分布及晶型结构方面对比研究4种粉末的差异,以表征复合粒子的核壳结构。结果 壳粒子在振动磨中粉碎17 min后加入核粒子,两者一起复合5 min,复合粒子的表面润湿性与壳粒子无显著差异。4种粉末在粒径分布、颜色、微观结构、表面元素分布及晶型结构上存在显著差异;复合粒子的众位粒径d_0.9为32.818 μm,远小于混合物,其颜色、表面元素分布与壳粒子高度类似,扫描电镜（SEM）观察到存在众多小颗粒包覆在大颗粒表面的微观结构,X射线衍射谱中核粒子大部分的特征峰消失或强度减弱。结论 成功制备出了具有核壳结构的青黛-白矾复合粒子,其表面性质与壳粒子类似,与核粒子明显不同。