Endolymphatische Metastasentherapie mit Radioisotopen bei malignem Melanom

Zusammenfassung Wegen der frühzeitigen und häufigen lympgogenen Metastasierung des malignen Melanoms erfordert eine erfolgversprechende Therapie nicht nur eine lokale Tumorbehandlung sondern auch eine Blockierung der Metastasenwege mit Vernichtung bereits vorhandener Lymphknotenmetastasen. Die endolymphatische Therapie mit³²P ermöglicht eine interne Bestrahlung der Lymphknoten und peripheren Lymphgefäße mit mittleren Strahlendosen von 100 000 rad. Die Strahlenbelastung der Lunge liegt im Toleranzbereich.

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Inadequacies of repeated radiological examinations in a university hospital

Purpose: To establish why 16% of 1,045 patients undergoing abdominal and/or vascular surgery referred to the University Department of Radiology for a B-image sonogram reported that a US of the same regions of the body had been conducted during the previous 6 weeks without any changes in the clinical status.Statement of the problem: Evaluation of the reasons for these superfluous examinations and analysis of the consequences that the US follow-up examinations implied for the patient.Material and Methods: One senior resident radiologist and one senior resident surgeon reviewed the medical records of the patients reporting previous examinations and examinations scheduled at the time of the questioning of the patients.Results: One hundred and eight (63%) of the 171 medical records were available. Data on previous examinations mentioned in the report forms were incorrect in 14 cases (13%). Therefore, further evaluations were based on 94 patients. Ten (8%) out of 121 sonograms, 4 (10%) out of 40 CT and 2 (20%) out of 10 MR investigations documented in the medical records had not been mentioned by the patients. As many as 41 (75%) of the 55 preliminary sonograms performed by general practitioners and specialists in private practice were not documented in the medical records. Even though records existed of clinically plausible findings, 36 (84%) of the 43 preliminary US investigations performed by doctors in the University Hospital were repeated to verify the diagnosis without any further diagnostic benefit.Conclusion: A cross-speciality consensus over the diagnostic value of B-image sonography and management of the findings obtained is of paramount importance.     

1449例肝脏移植患者病种统计分析

目的对近五年某院肝移植患者进行疾病归类,了解不同性别和年龄段行肝脏移植患者的情况,为医院临床管理提供数据参考,对预防治疗有一定的指导作用。方法利用医院统计报表数据进行分析,采用疾病分类ICD-10和手术编码ICD-9-CM-3进行分类。所有数据均利用办公软件Excel分析处理。结果 2006年1月-2010年12月因终末期肝病行肝脏移植1449例患者中男性多于女性患者,男女性别比为5.11∶1;酒精性肝硬化患者100%为男性;肝炎后肝硬化患者644人,占肝脏移植人数的44.44%,肝移植患者平均年龄51.2.岁；50岁-59岁肝移植患者占肝脏移植的52．17％。10岁以下患者100％为先天性胆道闭锁患者。肝移植1年、3年、5年生存率分别为83．1％、72．9％、69．3％。结论肝移植是终末期肝病治疗的最佳手段。预防治疗策略是预防进展至终末期肝病的有效方法。戒酒是首要措施。中年人要成为医疗预防工作的重点对象。     

下腰椎爆裂骨折后路固定后前路支撑融合术的适应证选择与疗效分析

目的 探讨下腰椎爆裂骨折后路固定后前路支撑融合术的适应证选择,分析前路支撑融合术对下腰椎骨折临床疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析1997年7月-2006年7月26例下腰椎骨折患者,其中男22例,女4例;年龄26～54岁,平均34岁.手术方法为Ⅰ期后路内固定、后外侧融合,2周后行前路自体髂骨支撑融合.影像学测量伤椎楔变指数(IVW)、伤椎Cobb角(α)、伤椎下终板与伤椎相邻上方椎体的上终板之间的夹角(β)及后凸Cobb角(γ).疗效评价采用腰痛评分法(low back outcome score, LBOS).结果 本组患者全部获得平均16个月(6～42个月)的随访.X线片示固定节段骨性融合,无假关节形成,自体髂骨植骨块无松动、脱出或椎间隙塌陷.IVW术前为0.6,术后为0.7,末次随访时为0.7;α术前为12°,术后为6°,末次随访时为6°;β术前为6°,术后为-5°,末次随访时为-4°;γ术前为-13°,术后为-22°,末次随访时为-21°.LBOS评分的优良率为93%.结论 前路支撑融合术的主要适应证为:(1)椎体粉碎较严重,前方椎体高度丢失50%以上,节段成角＞12°;(2) 椎板骨折移位或"嵌入"骨折椎板伴马尾神经卡压,后路短节段内固定减压术后,椎体高度恢复欠佳或残留后凸畸形;(3) 前路支撑融合可重建脊柱稳定性,恢复腰椎矢状面形态,明显降低后路内固定的并发症发生率,并能有效预防迟发性神经损害、创伤性后凸畸形及慢性腰痛.     

Lymph node sampling in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: national practice patterns and predictors of positive lymph nodes

Background and objectivesRoutine lymphadenectomy (LND) for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. We evaluated national LND trends to identify pre-operative factors associated with node-positive disease to determine which patients might benefit from LND.MethodsWe identified HCC patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) treated with surgical resection between 2004 and 2015. Demographic, operative, pathologic, and survival data were compared. Multivariable regression was performed to determine preoperative predictors of pathologic nodal disease.ResultsOf 8095 total resected patients, 1442 (17.8%) underwent hepatectomy with LND. Patients who received LND had higher preoperative clinical T (T3-T4: 20.0% vs 12.1%, p < 0.001) and N (N1: 3.3% vs 0.6%, p < 0.001) stages. The strongest independent predictor of pathologic nodal disease was clinical N stage (OR 106.54, CI 44.10–257.42). Survival was highest in patients whose surgeons omitted LND or were found with LND to be node-negative on final pathology (p < 0.001). Clinical node positivity had high negative predictive value (97.9%) but moderate positive predictive value (56.3%) in estimating pathologic nodal status. Conclusions: Defining preoperative clinical nodal status is imperative in HCC patients. Clinical node positivity was the strongest predictor of pathologic nodal disease and its associated worse prognosis. LND can be considered selectively in clinically node-positive patients.     

胚胎异位辅助肝移植1例报告

本文报告世界首例应用胚胎异位辅助肝移植治疗晚期肝硬变。供者系同血型水囊引产9月死胎。用改良Starzl法切取胚肝;将供肝植于受者肝下右脊柱旁间隙,作胎肝上腔静脉-受者肝下肾静脉以上下腔静脉端侧吻合,脐静脉-受者肠系膜上静脉端侧吻合,腹腔动脉-受者胃网膜右动脉端端吻合;胆总管结扎,胆囊-空肠Roux-y吻合。手术经过顺利,通血后移植肝血循良好。术后第3日死于食道胃底静脉曲张破裂,失血性休克,伴多脏器功能衰竭。作者对胎肝移植的可行性,手术指征和时机进行了讨论     

手辅助腹腔镜手术在胃肠外科中的应用及适应证选择

尽管传统腹腔镜技术在胃肠道良恶性疾病中的应用逐步获得广泛的认可,但仍有学习曲线延长、手术时间延长、技术难度增加以及肥胖患者手术复杂性等不足。手辅助腹腔镜技术（HALS）作为介于开腹手术与腹腔镜手术的一种杂交技术．由于恢复了手的触觉以及手眼协调．弥补了传统腹腔镜手术的不足．同时部分保留了传统腹腔镜手术的微创优势,且手术时间及学习曲线明显缩短．在肥胖患者及复杂的胃肠手术中具有一定优势。但HALS手术也存在手对术野的阻挡和手疲劳等不足．HALS治疗恶性肿瘤的近远期疗效尚待更多的循证学研究加以证实。     

第18届国际肝移植学会年会纪要

第18届国际肝移植学会（International Liver Transplantation Society,ILTS）年会于2012年5月16—19日在美国旧金山市举行,来自80多个国家逾1500位学者参与本次学术盛会。本次会议人选口头交流191篇,壁报交流502篇。大会由西班牙巴塞罗那医院Garcia-Valdecasas教授担任主席,美国达特茅斯医学院Freeman教授担任执行主席,美国加州大学旧金山分校Niemann、Ascher、Stock教授担任大会共同主席。来自五大洲肝移植学界的众多专家相聚旧金山,就肝癌肝移植、免疫抑制剂、活体肝移植技术、供肝来源拓展和分配等肝移植领域共同关心的话题在为期4d的会议中广泛交流学术成果与学术观点。本文介绍的研究进展主要来源于大会全体会议报告的内容。     

肩关节镜手术治疗肩袖损伤的适应证选择、手术技巧和疗效分析

目的：研究分析肩关节镜手术治疗肩袖损伤的适应证选择、手术技巧和疗效。方法选取该院2009年8月—2013年8月收治的肩袖损伤患者90例,所有患者均采取关节镜辅助smith＆ nephew 带线铆钉进行肩袖重建手术。比较患者术前术后肩关节ASES评分,比较患者术前术后VAS评分及Constant-Murley评分。比较患者术前后疼痛评分、前屈角度、前屈肌力及满意度。结果患者术前术后1周肩关节ASES评分及术前术后VAS评分比较,术后显著优于术前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。患者术前后疼痛评分、前屈角度、前屈肌力及满意度比较,术后显著优于术前差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论肩关节镜手术治疗肩袖损伤并发症少、创口小,能良好的保护三角肌及肩关节功能恢复快,如能正确的掌握适应证,手术的熟练度则是治疗肩袖损伤最具疗效的手术方案,值得临床广泛推广及应用。