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91.
老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围手术期处理   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
目的 探讨在治疗老年人胆囊良性疾病中,腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用价值。方法 总结分析125例老年人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的围手术期处理结果。结果 47例术中发现粘连严重,其中2例无腹部手术史,但脐孔周围严重粘连。中转开腹16例,逆行胆囊切除2例。术后并发症4例,均为腹腔积液,经抗炎后好转。住院天数5-14天,平均7.5天。结论 经充分术前准备,严格掌握手术适应证,术者熟练的操作, 行腹腔镜胆囊切除术仍是安全可行的手术方法。  相似文献   
92.
超声预测腹腔镜胆囊切除手术难度的临床研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
目的 :探讨超声预测腹腔镜胆囊切除 (L C)手术难度分级标准。方法 :根据病人胆囊大小、形态、胆囊壁厚薄 ,胆周有无粘连及胆总管情况 ,将 L C手术难度分为三级。结果 : 级为适应证组 , 级为相对适应证组 , 级为禁忌证组 ,与手术对照 ,B超分组符合率 96 .5 %。结论 :B超可为手术难度及病例选择提供较为全面的依据 ,对降低 L C手术中转率及并发症发生率具有重要的临床价值  相似文献   
93.
肺癌患者心理个性特征的调查分析   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
目的研究肺癌病人心理个性特征 ,以指导临床心理护理。方法采用国家科委“九五”攻关项目中制定的“疾病危险因素监测调查表” ,对 190例肺癌初诊患者的心理特征进行监测 ,同时选取与患者性别、年龄、文化背景一致的健康志愿者进行 1∶1配比对照研究。结果肺癌病人的个性特征、人际关系、婚姻关系以及长期处于精神压抑状态等因素均与对照组有差异 (P <0 0 5 ,P >0 0 1) ,而近年来有无遭遇较大的精神创伤的比较两组无差异 (P >0 9)。结论在肺癌的防治和护理上应充分考虑到心理因素的影响。  相似文献   
94.
廖燕  何义芬  田永明 《华西医学》2000,15(4):474-475
了解护士对待ICU护理工作的态度和工作行为。方法:采用问卷、调查的方式对本院150名护士进行了调查分析,结果:在调查的150名正式护士中,愿意长期从事ICU护理工作为19%,不愿意长期从事ICU护理工作有81%,其中非常不愿意者有78%,另外3%为无所谓态度,作者认为提高思想素质,形成护理工作梯队,增加后备力量是调动ICU护理人员工作热情的必要措施。  相似文献   
95.
安宇  王阶  何庆勇  李赵陵 《中医杂志》2015,56(5):381-383
患者报告临床结局(PRO)量表能体现中医\"以人为本\"的特色,其作为临床疗效评价方法受到越来越多的关注。在参照PRO概念、国际量表、气血辨证理论、七情内伤学说、形神一体观和天人相应学说的基础上制定包括生理、心理、社会(包括社会关系和社会环境)、独立性4个领域的气滞血瘀证中医PRO量表的结构模型,在此基础上还扩展出胀痛或刺痛、肢体麻木、痛处固定、疼痛拒按等气滞血瘀症状、积极感受和消极感受、生活能力和学习工作能力等7个方面的内容,该量表结构模型的制定符合中医特色理论,为气滞血瘀证中医PRO量表的制定奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   
96.
    
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the association between hospital, clinic and provider patient volumes on HIV/AIDS patient outcomes including mortality, antiretroviral (ARV) use and proportion of patients on indicated opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis. We searched MEDLINE and nine other electronic databases from 1 January 1980 through 29 May 2009. Experimental and controlled observational studies of persons with HIV/AIDS were included. Studies examined the volume or concentration of patients with HIV/AIDS in hospitals, clinics or individual providers. Outcomes included mortality, ARV use and proportion of patients on indicated OI prophylaxis. We reviewed 22,692 titles and/or abstracts. Patient characteristics, study design, volume measures, medical outcomes and study confounders were abstracted. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Twenty-two studies were included in the final review. High volume hospital care was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.90 p = 0.004) and lower mortality 30 days from admission (pooled OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.81 p = 0.0004). Higher volume provider care was associated with significantly higher ARV use (pooled OR 4.41, 95% CI 2.70-7.18 p<0.00001). Differences in volume definitions and controlling for confounding variables did not appreciably alter the results. Higher volume hospitals, clinics and providers were associated with significantly decreased mortality for people living with HIV/AIDS and higher volume providers and clinics had higher ARV use. Heterogeneity of volume thresholds and absence of studies from resource-limited settings are major limitations.  相似文献   
97.
    
ABSTRACT

Objectives: Health care is undergoing changes and this requires the participation and leadership of all health-care professions. While numerous studies have explored leadership competence among physicians and nurses, the physiotherapy profession has received but limited attention. The aim of this study was to explore how leadership manifests in the patient–therapist interaction among physiotherapists in primary health care and how the physiotherapists themselves relate their perception of leadership to their clinical practice. Methods: A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted with a purposive sample of 10 physiotherapists working in primary health care. The interviews were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results: Five themes were identified related to how leadership manifests in the patient–therapist interaction: (1) establishing resonant relationships; (2) engaging patients to build ownership; (3) drawing on authority; (4) building on professionalism; and (5) relating physiotherapists clinical practice to leadership. Conclusion: This study describes how leadership manifests in the patient–physiotherapist interaction. The findings can be used to empower physiotherapists in their clinical leadership and to give them confidence in taking on formal leadership roles, thus becoming active participants in improving health care. Future studies are needed to explore other aspects of leadership used in physiotherapy clinical practice.  相似文献   
98.
    
Abstract

Construct: We aimed to develop an assessment tool to measure the quality of electronic health record inpatient documentation of cross-cover events. Background: Cross-cover events occur in hospitalized patients when the primary team is absent. Documentation is critical for safe transitions of care. The quality of documentation for cross-cover events remains unknown, and no standardized tool exists for assessment. Approach: We created an assessment tool for cross-cover note quality with content validation based on input from 15 experts. We measured interrater reliability of the tool and scored cross-cover note quality for hospitalized patients with overnight rapid response team activation on internal medicine services at 2 academic hospitals for 1 year. Patients with a code blue or a clinically insignificant event were excluded. The presence of a note, writer identity (resident or faculty), time from rapid response to documentation, note content (subjective and objective information, diagnosis, and plan), and patient outcomes were compared. Results: The instrument included 8 items to determine quality of cross-cover documentation: reason for physician notification, note written within 6 hours, subjective and objective patient information, diagnosis, treatment, level of care, and whether the attending physician was notified. The mean Cohen's kappa coefficient demonstrated good interrater agreement at 0.76. The instrument was scored in 222 patients with cross-cover notes. Notes documented by faculty scored higher in quality than residents (89% vs. 74% of 8 items present, p < .001). Cross-cover notes often lacked subjective information, diagnosis, and notification of attending, which was present in 60%, 62%, and 7% of notes, respectively. Conclusions: This study presents reliability evidence for an 8-item assessment tool to measure quality of documentation of cross-cover events and indicates improvement is needed for cross-cover education and safe transitions of care in acutely decompensating medical patients.  相似文献   
99.
摘要目的:探讨床旁吞咽治疗对在ICU的脑卒中伴意识障碍患者吞咽功能及意识状态的疗效。方法:2021年6月—2023年9月,ICU的脑卒中伴意识障碍患者60例随机分成对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30),对照组采用ICU临床治疗,观察组在ICU临床治疗基础上增加床旁吞咽治疗,共治疗4周。治疗前后对患者吞咽功能及意识状态进行评定。结果:治疗后,观察组2min自发吞咽频率(1.17±0.99)次,高于对照组(0.67±0.84)次,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组简易吞咽激发测试第一步和第二步阳性率分别为66.7%和43.3%,均低于对照组80%和56.7%,且观察组简易吞咽激发测试第二步阳性率治疗后显著低于治疗前,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组标准吞咽功能评价量表评分显著低于对照组评分,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组格拉斯哥昏迷量表评分显著高于对照组评分,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:床旁吞咽治疗对在ICU的脑卒中伴意识障碍患者吞咽功能及意识状态均具有改善作用。  相似文献   
100.
目的探讨在ICU中基于医学治疗的需要限制减停镇静而增加患者的不适感在伦理学上的正当性以及对这一伦理冲突的解决方案。方法采用质性研究的方法,对15名资深医护人员进行深入访谈,并对获得的资料进行分析,提炼研究所需内容,形成研究报告。结果伦理学上,在保障患者舒适的体验和医学上要求限制减停镇静之间达到满意的平衡是一个挑战。结论临床医生在制定镇静治疗方案时应更加重视患者自身的舒适体验,即在追求最满意的治疗结局的过程中要努力实现患者不适感的最小化。  相似文献   
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