ICU内气管插管发生心搏骤停27例

目的分析ICU内气管插管时心搏骤停的危险因素并加以防范。方法回顾性分析ICU内紧急气管插管的916例患者资料,比较心搏骤停与未停组病人的基本情况、插管方式、有无应用肌松剂、操作时间、尝试次数等因素,采用Logitic回归分析心搏骤停的危险因素。结果发生心搏骤停27例。心搏骤停组与未停组在动脉血氧分压、动脉血氧饱和度、指脉氧饱和度等方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单因素Logitic回归分析显示气管插管时发生心搏骤停可能与操作时间、尝试次数、肌松剂应用有关(P<0.05);多因素Logitic回归分析显示心搏骤停主要与肌松剂的应用及尝试次数有关(P<0.001)。结论把握插管时机,插管前适当应用镇静剂而非肌松剂,加强操作者的自身建设,可能减少气管插管时心搏骤停的发生。     

0.15％左旋布比卡因用于子宫全切术后硬膜外自控镇痛的临床观察

目的:比较0.15%左旋布比卡因和布比卡因用于经腹子宫全切术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)的临床效应.方法:择期经腹子宫全切术患者60例随机分成左旋布比卡因组(L组,n=30)和布比卡因组(B组,n=30)进行PCEA,观察患者24h镇痛效果、运动阻滞情况及不良反应.结果:两组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、舒适评级(BCS)相似,而24h硬膜外用药量、24h按压次数/实际有效进药次数(D/D)比值及PCA按压次数B组＞L组(P＜0 05);术后运动阻滞完全恢复时间,术后4h、8h、12h运动恢复分级两组差异无显著性;低血压发生率L组明显低于B组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:0.15%左旋布比卡因用于PCEA能达到满意镇痛效应,并减少局麻药及芬太尼用量,术后不良反应较少,安全性高;运动神经阻滞与布比卡因相同,作用时间较长.     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床应用。方法1998年至2005年采用人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折25例,年龄75~92岁,平均79.6岁。假体均为骨水泥型,随访时间1~8年,平均3.6年。结果围术期无死亡病例,按Harris评分方法,优11例,良8例,可4例,差2例。2例假体下沉。结论人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折是可取的。     

Framing Concerns about Body Image during Pre- and Post-Surgical Consultations for Head and Neck Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Patient–Physician Interactions

Patients with head and neck cancer report high unmet psychosocial needs as they undergo lifesaving treatments that can significantly alter their appearance and cause functional impairments. This qualitative analysis of recordings of 88 pre- and post-surgical consultations involving 20 patients respond to the need for empirical studies of patient–provider conversations about body image concerns. It indicates that the emphasis on concerns about survival, cure, and physical recovery during clinical consultations may leave concerns about the impacts of surgery on appearance and function unexplored and even silenced. The interviews with patients and medical team members that complement the analysis of the recordings suggest that an emphasis on survival, cure, and physical recovery can respond to the need for reassurance in the context of serious illness. However, it can also be problematic as it contributes to the silencing of patients’ concerns and to a potential lack of preparedness for the consequences of surgery. The results of this study can contribute to raising surgeons’ awareness of the interactional dynamics during clinical consultations. Moreover, the results highlight the unique role that surgeons can play in validating patients’ psychosocial concerns to support patients’ rehabilitation in both physical and psychosocial domains.     

锁定加压钢板治疗老年人桡骨远端骨折32例临床分析

目的:观察锁定加压钢板治疗老年人桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析本院2001年1月至2006年12月收治的老年人桡骨远端骨折32例的临床资料。结果:术后腕关节功能恢复良好31例,X摄片见骨痂生长的平均时间为(50±10)天,骨性愈合的平均时间为术后(10±2)月。结论:锁定加压钢板治疗老年人桡骨远端骨折疗效好,值得推广应用。     

Assessment of pharmacy students' communication competence using the Roter Interaction Analysis System during objective structured clinical examinations

Objective

To determine the value of using the Roter Interaction Analysis System during objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) to assess pharmacy students'' communication competence.

Methods

As pharmacy students completed a clinical OSCE involving an interview with a simulated patient, 3 experts used a global rating scale to assess students'' overall performance in the interview, and both the student''s and patient''s languages were coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). The coders recorded the number of utterances (ie, units of spoken language) in each RIAS category. Correlations between the raters'' scores and the number and types of utterances were examined.

Results

There was a significant correlation between students'' global rating scores on the OSCE and the number of utterances in the RIAS socio-emotional category but not the RIAS business category.

Conclusions

The RIAS proved to be a useful tool for assessing the socio-emotional aspect of students'' interview skills.     

重症监护病房真菌耐药监测及与中医证型的关系

目的明确重症监护病房(ICU)侵袭性真菌感染的细菌病原学、耐药性及与中医证型的关系,指导临床经验性使用抗菌药物。方法对中国中医科学院广安门医院2006-03—2007-02ICU患者侵袭性感染真菌及其对抗细菌药物的耐药性进行回顾性调查。结果ICU真菌感染主要以念珠菌为主,念珠菌中以白色念珠菌为最多。真菌感染中医辨证以虚实夹杂证最常见,而又以气阴两虚、痰热互结为最多,实证以痰热内结为主。结论依据真菌病原学、抗菌药物敏感性结果及中医证型分布,有效选择中西医疗法,减少新的耐药株的出现,发挥中医优势。