ICP—OES测定人发中微量元素的方法研究

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP—OES)测定头发中的硒、铅、镉含量,并采用两种不同的前处理方法进行比较。结果表明,湿消化法测定的回收率高,仪器测定硒、铅、镉的最低检测线分别为(μg/L)0.51、.74、0.20,方法精密度高,相对标准偏差为5.49%~12.1%,符合微量分析的要求,适用于头发中硒、铅、镉含量的测定。     

ICP-OES测定不同产地灵芝中重金属和有害元素的含量

目的：建立电感耦合等离子发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定灵芝中重金属及有害元素的方法并比较不同产地灵芝中的Cu、Pb、As、Cd、Hg等5种元素的含量。方法：采用恒压消解罐消解法处理灵芝供试品，用ICP—OES测定不同产地灵芝中Cu、Pb、As、Cd等4种有害元素的含量，氯化亚锡还原处理后在测汞仪上测定Hg。结果：5种元素线性关系良好，r在0．9928-1．0000；同收率在80％120％；RSD均小于20％，符合痕量分析中小于30％的要求。结论：本法灵敏度高，准确度和重复性好，可作为灵芝中重金属及有害元素的定量测定方法。     

微波消解ICP-OES法测定石仙桃中的矿物质元素

目的研究石仙桃中的矿物质元素。方法用微波消解法制备样品,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定石仙桃中矿物质元素的种类与含量。结果石仙桃中22种矿物质元素的含量如下：K 1919.14mg·kg-1,Na 291.57mg·kg-1,P 254.16mg·kg-1,Mg3362.20mg·kg-1,Ca 2515.00mg·kg-1,Fe 118.28mg·kg-1,Al 244.11mg·kg-1,Mn 117.40mg·kg-1,B 0.22mg·kg-1,Zn 0.24mg·kg-1,Cu0.07mg·kg-1,Mo 0.09mg·kg-1,Ti 0.38mg·kg-1,As 536.95μg·kg-1,Tl 3352.93μg·kg-1,Cd 131.25μg·kg-1,Pb 1240.94μg·kg-1,Se226.71μg·kg-1,Co 167.04μg·kg-1,Ni 608.54μg·kg-1,Cr 2135.85μg·kg-1,V 541.90μg·kg-1。结论石仙桃中含有丰富的人体所需的宏量和微量元素。     

健康大学生指甲中微量元素Fe Zn Cu Mn含量分析

收集健康大学生的指甲,采用微波消解、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定指甲中微量元素的含量。结果显示指甲中Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn的含量分别为39.12±57.89μg/g,118.83±30.40μg/g,7.11±4.24μg/g和0.66±0.78μg/g。指甲中Fe含量女性显著低于男性(P<0.05)。方法简便、灵敏、准确,结果较好地反映了在校大学生的健康状况,同时也为指甲作为生物样本的可行性提供基础数据。     

电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法测定蒙药角茴香中的微量元素

目的建立电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定蒙药角茴香中Al,As,B,Ba,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Hg,In,Mn,Pb,Sr,Zn等14种微量元素含量的测定方法。方法采用微波消解法前处理样品,电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定蒙药角茴香中14种微量元素含量。结果该方法检出限为0.0002～0.006μg.ml-1,各元素加标回收率在95.6%～109.26%之间,RSD小于4.46%。结论该方法可快速、灵敏、准确测定蒙药角茴香中多种微量元素含量。     

Comparison of the chemical composition of British and Continental European bottled waters by multivariate analysis

The elemental composition of 37 bottled waters from the UK and continental Europe has been determined. Ca, K, Mg, Na, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, U, V and Zn were determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS, in addition to inorganic and total organic carbon. The composition of all the waters analysed fell within the guideline values recommended by the World Health Organization. Na, Ca, Sr and Ba showed the widest variation in concentrations, ranging over two orders of magnitude. Levels of Fe were below the limit of detection (30 μg L⁻¹) in all samples analysed. Waters produced in the UK generally showed lower levels of most major elements and trace metals, with the exception of Ba (up to 455 μg L⁻¹). Italian waters showed the highest concentrations of Sr (3000–8000 μg L⁻¹) and U (8–13 μg L⁻¹), whereas waters produced in Slovakia and the Czech Republic showed the highest levels of Pb (0.7–4 μg L⁻¹). The use of multivariate analysis reveals an association between high alkaline metal content and high concentrations of As and Cr. There also appears to be a correlation between high Ca and Sr content and high levels of U. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that the composition of bottled water can be distinguished primarily by the country of origin, over other factors including the geological environment of the source. This would suggest that composition reflects, and is biased towards, consumer preferences.     

Comparison of dry, wet and microwave digestion methods for the multi element determination in some dried fruit samples by ICP-OES

The aim of this study was used to investigate the level of trace metals (Ba, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Sr and Fe) in some dried fruits (Prunus domestica L., Ficus carica L., Morus alba L., Vitis vinifera L., Prunus armeniaca L., and Malus domestica) samples from Turkey. Trace elements were determined by ICP-OES after dry, wet and microwave digestion methods in dried fruit samples. Validation of the proposed method was carried out by using a NIST-SRM 1515-Apple Leaves certified reference material. Element concentrations in dried fruit samples were 0.33–1.77 (Ba), 0.12–0.54 (Cd), 0.25–1.03 (Co), 0.45–2.30 (Cr), 0.43–2.74 (Cu), 0.56–4.87 (Mn), 0.61–2.54 (Ni), 0.40–2.14 (Pb), 2.16–6.54 (Zn), 0.83–12.02 (Al), 11.82–40.80 (Fe) and 0.16–6.34 (Sr) μg/g. The analytical parameters show that the microwave oven digestion procedure provided best results as compared to the wet and dry digestion procedures. The results were compared with the literature values.     

Airway drug pharmacokinetics via analysis of exhaled breath condensate

Although the airway surface is the anatomic target for many lung disease therapies, measuring drug concentrations and activities on these surfaces poses considerable challenges. We tested whether mass spectrometric analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) could be utilized to non-invasively measure airway drug pharmacokinetics and predicted pharmacological activities.Mass spectrometric methods were developed to detect a novel epithelial sodium channel blocker (GS-9411/P-680), two metabolites, a chemically related internal standard, plus naturally occurring solutes including urea as a dilution marker. These methods were then applied to EBC and serum collected from four (Floridian) sheep before, during and after inhalation of nebulized GS-9411/P-680. Electrolyte content of EBC and serum was also assessed as a potential pharmacodynamic marker of drug activity. Airway surface concentrations of drug, metabolites, and electrolytes were calculated from EBC measures using EBC:serum urea based dilution factors.GS-9411/P-680 and its metabolites were quantifiable in the sheep EBC, with peak airway concentrations between 1.9 and 3.4 μM measured 1 h after inhalation. In serum, only Metabolite #1 was quantifiable, with peak concentrations ∼60-fold lower than those in the airway (45 nM at 1 h). EBC electrolyte concentrations suggested a pharmacological effect; but this effect was not statistical significant.Analysis of EBC collected during an inhalation drug study provided a method for quantification of airway drug and metabolites via mass spectrometry. Application of this methodology could provide an important tool in development and testing of drugs for airways diseases.