药材无名异中重金属的测定及可溶性砷形态分析

利用滴定法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪法（ICP-OES）和离子色谱联用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（IC-ICP-MS）对无名异药材中MnO2及Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu进行测定,并对其可溶性砷的形态进行研究。测得7批无名异药材中的MnO2含量为12.18%~21.31%;7批无名异药材中Pb为277.5~1580 mg·kg-1、Cd为1.075~221.0 mg·kg-1、As为44.85~368.5 mg·kg-1、Hg为0.242~0.585 mg·kg-1、Cu为63.75~174.0 mg·kg-1;通过形态分析测得无名异中可溶性砷均为As（Ⅴ）,含量为7.676~65.75 mg·kg-1。本文建立的分析方法可简便快速地测定无名异药材中的主成分MnO2及Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu,并对其可溶性As的形态进行分析,可为无名异药材的质量控制提供有效的依据。     

Analysis of micromineral contents of school meals

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Korean ordinary diets are referred to be good for human health in worldwide. However it is uncertain whether they provide microminerals enough for growth and health of teenagers. A main purpose of this study was to identify micromineral contents in school meals.

MATERIALS/METHODS

The fifty cuisines were collected from elementary schools and middle schools in Gyeongnam area. The contents of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn among microminerals were analyzed by using ICP-OES method. Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation and range value and linear regression analysis performed.

RESULTS

Fe level of Pangibuseotpaprika-salad was the highest among side-dishes (average 346.6 µg) and Zn level of Sullung-tang was highest among soups (average 229.1 µg). Cu level of Buchu-kimchi was the highest among kimchies (average 217.5 µg) and Mn level of Gumeunkongyangnyum-gui was highest among side-dishes (average 198.4 µg). Generally cooked-rices as main dish had relative smaller amounts of microminerals than the other cuisines. The results showed that the ratio of Cu : Fe : Zn was approximately 12 : 4 : 1 and the relationship between Fe versus Zn or Fe versus Cu was significantly positive.

CONCLUSION

Comparing to Korean Dietary Recommended Intakes (KDRI) level, school meals provided not sufficient amount (<25% DRI) of Fe, Zn or Mn, while they did excessive amount (>125% DRI) of Cu.     

Effects of particle size and coating on toxicologic parameters,fecal elimination kinetics and tissue distribution of acutely ingested silver nanoparticles in a mouse model

Consumer exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNP) via ingestion can occur due to incorporation of AgNP into products such as food containers and dietary supplements. AgNP variations in size and coating may affect toxicity, elimination kinetics or tissue distribution. Here, we directly compared acute administration of AgNP of two differing coatings and sizes to mice, using doses of 0.1, 1 and 10?mg/kg body weight/day administered by oral gavage for 3 days. The maximal dose is equivalent to 2000× the EPA oral reference dose. Silver acetate at the same doses was used as ionic silver control. We found no toxicity and no significant tissue accumulation. Additionally, no toxicity was seen when AgNP were dosed concurrently with a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Between 70.5% and 98.6% of the administered silver dose was recovered in feces and particle size and coating differences did not significantly influence fecal silver. Peak fecal silver was detected between 6- and 9-h post-administration and <0.5% of the administered dose was cumulatively detected in liver, spleen, intestines or urine at 48?h. Although particle size and coating did not affect tissue accumulation, silver was detected in liver, spleen and kidney of mice administered ionic silver at marginally higher levels than those administered AgNP, suggesting that silver ion may be more bioavailable. Our results suggest that, irrespective of particle size and coating, acute oral exposure to AgNP at doses relevant to potential human exposure is associated with predominantly fecal elimination and is not associated with accumulation in tissue or toxicity.     

Ethylene bisdithiocarbamate pesticides Maneb and Mancozeb cause metal overload in human colon cells

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides Maneb and Mancozeb are equipotent gastrointestinal toxicants that produce cell loss and metal accumulation within HT-29 and Caco2 colon cells. Nabam, MnCl₂, CuCl₂ and ZnCl₂ exposure produced no loss of viability up to 200 μM and increases in metal levels were noted but not to the same extent as Maneb and Mancozeb. EBDC exposure caused increases in copper levels (20–200 μM). Maneb and Mancozeb treatment also caused increases in manganese and zinc concentrations (20–200 μM). Nabam plus MnCl₂ and Nabam and MnCl₂ plus ZnCl₂ caused decreases in viability and increases in metal levels comparable to Maneb and Mancozeb. Decreases in the ratio of reduced glutathione to glutathione disulfide were observed with Maneb and Mancozeb (20–200 μM). Maneb and Mancozeb treatment results in intracellular metal accumulation leading to the oxidative stress. The metal moiety and the organic portion of EBDCs contribute to toxicity.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定右旋糖酐铁中重金属元素时的基体效应和内标校正方法研究

目的 建立用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定右旋糖酐铁中铅、镉、砷、汞、钴、钒、硒、钼8种重金属元素含量的分析方法。方法 通过检测波长考察,仪器参数优化,验证基体效应干扰,考察内标物校正干扰,测定8种重金属元素的含量。结果 内标法校正基体效应干扰,待测元素回收率由83%~90%提高为94%~100%,方法准确度良好,加标回收率在94.3%~101.5%,方法精密度良好（RSD<3.5%,n=6）。各待测元素线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.22~8.54 ng/mL,定量限为0.68~25.73 ng/mL。结论 方法准确度高、灵敏度高、迅速可靠,可用于右旋糖酐铁中8种重金属元素含量的测定。     

食品中铝的硝酸-氢氟酸消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱测定法

目的比较不同前处理消解方法,建立食品中铝的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定方法。方法食品样品经硝酸-氢氟酸消解体系高压消解处理后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对其中铝含量进行测定。结果该方法在一定浓度范围内(0.1~10 mg/L)线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,方法检出限为0.5 mg/kg,RSD为0.5%~3.8%,生物成分标准参考物质的测定结果在标准参考值范围内。结论采用硝酸-氢氟酸消解体系进行高压消解,可以有效将食品中铝溶出,方法的灵敏度和准确度均较高,适用于食品中铝的测定。     

Contribution of Major Groups of Food Products to the Daily Intake of Selected Elements—Results from Analytical Determinations Supported by Chemometric Analysis

Food is a major source of minerals for humans. The main objective of this study was to determine the intake level of 10 essential macro- (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Se) with major food groups among young adults. Dietary intake of elements was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall technique in combination with F-AAS and ICP-OES methods. A very high intake of sodium and a very low intake of calcium, combined with inappropriate sodium/potassium ratio, may be harmful to the health of the population. Dietary intake of trace elements was within the range of reference values in the subjects, with cereals being the major source of a majority of those elements, while meat (38% for Na), vegetables (25% for K), and milk products (75% for Ca) were the main contributors to the daily dietary intake of macroelements. PCA revealed several visible trends in the datasetAmong men, the intake of Zn, Cr Na and K was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables, whereas Mg, Se, Fe and Cu with cereals and water and beverages. Among women, the intake of Mg was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables.     

水平观测ICP-OES法直接测定尿中十种微量元素

〔目的〕建立直接测定尿中 10种微量元素的方法。〔方法〕采用水平观测ICP -OES法进行测定。〔结果〕尿样经稀释一倍后 ,通过选用最佳仪器条件 ,rf功率 1.3 5KW、气溶胶载气压力为 2 .0 7× 10 5Pa时 ,可有效克服尿中Na基体引起的干扰。方法精密度和准确度均符合痕量分析的要求。〔结论〕该法简便快速、灵敏准确 ,适合尿中微量元素的分析     

ICP-OES法同时测定健康人全血中11种元素的含量

目的测定健康人全血中Li、Zn、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni V、Ca、Cd和Mg共11种元素的含量。方法采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES),健康人血样经硝酸-高氯酸(体积比为4∶1)浸泡过夜,次日置电热板上140℃消解处理后测定。结果线性范围分别为:0.50×10-2~0.50 mg.L-1(Ni)、1.0×10-3~4.0 mg.L-1(Li、Mn、V)、0.10×10-2~0.10×102mg.L-1(Cr、Cd)、0.10×10-1~0.20×102mg.L-1(Cu)、0.10~0.50×102mg.L-1(Zn)、1.0~1.0×102mg.L-1(Fe、Ca、Mg),相关系数均大于0.999 5。回收率在83.0%~107.0%之间,精密度RSD均小于9.8%。结论本方法适合健康人全血中Li、Zn、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、V、Ca、Cd和Mg的含量测定,同时为进一步研究微量元素与各种疾病的关系奠定了基础。     

Localized Hyperthermia with Iron Oxide–Doped Yttrium Microparticles: Steps toward Image-Guided Thermoradiotherapy in Liver Cancer

PurposeTo test whether iron oxide (IO)–containing yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) microparticles (MPs) can generate localized therapeutic hyperthermia (≥ 43°C) when injected intratumorally in an animal model of liver cancer and whether MP distributions could be visualized with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.Materials and MethodsTwenty-one Sprague–Dawley rats implanted with N1-S1 liver tumors were assigned to alternating magnetic field (AMF) exposure following intratumoral injection with IO-YAS MPs (n = 7), sham surgery (n = 7), or baseline iron quantification (n = 7). Three fiberoptic probes allowed spatial and temporal monitoring of temperatures during 24 minutes of AMF exposure. T2-weighted turbo spin-echo MR imaging was performed within 1 hour after the procedure to detect signal voids caused by IO-YAS deposition. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained pathologic slides were also obtained, and the presence of IO-YAS was evaluated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.ResultsFollowing AMF exposure, intratumoral temperatures after IO-YAS MP injection achieved therapeutic hyperthermia whereas those after sham surgery did not (46.6°C ± 1.3 vs 36.8°C ± 0.4; P < .0001). Within the treated group, the normal hepatic parenchyma (NHP) and rectal temperatures were 37.4°C ± 0.9 and 36.5°C ± 1.0 (P = .0809) at the conclusion of AMF exposure, respectively. A T2-weighted signal void at the tumor site was observed in all seven treated animals, and intratumoral IO-YAS was visualized on subsequent histopathologic examination in each case. The mean ratio of tumor:NHP Fe concentrations attributable to IO-YAS MPs was 108:1.ConclusionsAMF exposure of intratumoral IO-YAS MPs generates localized therapeutic hyperthermia in an animal model of liver cancer. MR detectability and potential for combination brachytherapy warrants further investigation for thermoradiotherapy in liver cancer.