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71.
《Annals of epidemiology》2017,27(4):231-237
PurposeWe used a combination of hot spot analysis (HSA) and spatial regression to examine county-level hot spot correlates for the most commonly reported nonviral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the 48 contiguous states in the United States (US).MethodsWe obtained reported county-level total case rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis in all counties in the 48 contiguous states from national surveillance data and computed temporally smoothed rates using 2008–2012 data. Covariates were obtained from county-level multiyear (2008–2012) American Community Surveys from the US census. We conducted HSA to identify hot spot counties for all three STIs. We then applied spatial logistic regression with the spatial error model to determine the association between the identified hot spots and the covariates.ResultsHSA indicated that ≥84% of hot spots for each STI were in the South. Spatial regression results indicated that, a 10-unit increase in the percentage of Black non-Hispanics was associated with ≈42% (P < 0.01) [≈22% (P < 0.01), for Hispanics] increase in the odds of being a hot spot county for chlamydia and gonorrhea, and ≈27% (P < 0.01) [≈11% (P < 0.01) for Hispanics] for P&S syphilis. Compared with the other regions (West, Midwest, and Northeast), counties in the South were 6.5 (P < 0.01; chlamydia), 9.6 (P < 0.01; gonorrhea), and 4.7 (P < 0.01; P&S syphilis) times more likely to be hot spots.ConclusionOur study provides important information on hot spot clusters of nonviral STIs in the entire United States, including associations between hot spot counties and sociodemographic factors. 相似文献
72.
73.
10% 葡萄糖注射液中5- 羟甲基糠醛含量随温度、时间而改变。初均速法加速实验,以ln Vol,代替InKi对热力学温度的倒数1/T1作Arrhenius图得直线,线性回归计算出反应活化能和不同温度下5一羟甲基糠醛含量的达限时间。结果提示;在制剂灭菌,药品使用和贮存过程中,应采用科学的,适宜的方法和措施,确保药品质量。 相似文献
74.
Abstract.
Hot water epilepsy (HWE) was induced in freely moving
Wistar rats by applying hot water jets over the head region. The
status of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during the seizures and
during hot water-induced hyperthermia without seizures was
examined using Evans blue dye. In order to investigate the
contribution of concomitant factors to this process,
synchronized body temperature and blood pressure recordings were
also made. Tonic-clonic seizure activity was observed within an
average of 3.9 min (SE=0.6 min) in the rats exposed to the hot
water jets; this treatment induced BBB opening in the cortical
and deep brain areas. Body temperature and blood pressure
increased from 36.5°±0.3°C to 40.0°±0.2°C, and from 91±3 mmHg to
153±4 mmHg, respectively. In the group of animals exposed to hot
water application without inducing seizures, there were
significant increases both in blood pressure and body
temperature; however, the extravasation of Evans blue was not
pronounced in the brains. Hot water-induced seizures, increased
cerebrovascular permeability. Although high blood pressure and
hyperthermia contribute to this permeability, the seizure
activity is the major factor in this change. 相似文献
75.
Isoflavones--safe food additives or dangerous drugs? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The sales volume of products containing isoflavone has increased since the publication of the Women's Health Initiative. The many apparently contradictory results published on the effects of isoflavones on a variety of estrogen-regulated organs point to both beneficial as well as adverse effects on human health. It is of particular importance that psychovegetative climacteric complaints such as hot flushes are, if at all, only slightly influenced by isoflavones. The substances appear to have weak anti-osteoporotic effect. Their anti-atherosclerotic action is debatable, as not all authors find any beneficial effect on lipids. Most importantly, there is dispute as to whether isoflavones derived from soy or red clover have negative, positive or any effect at all on the mammary gland or endometrium. It is beyond any doubt that soy products may have cancer preventing properties in a variety of organs including the mammary gland. However, these properties may only be exerted if the developing organ was under the influence of isoflavones during childhood and puberty. This may also explain the often quoted "Japanese Phenomenon", the fact that breast cancer occurs to a lesser extent in Japanese women. When administered to isoflavone "inexperienced" women at the time of menopause, the phytoestrogens appear to share the same effects as estrogen used in classical preparations for hormone replacement therapy, i.e. they may stimulate the proliferation of endometrial and mammary gland tissue with at present unknown and unpredictable risk to these organs. Therefore, the following question arises for the clinician: Why should soy or red clover products containing isoflavone be recommended, if the positive effects are only negligible but the adverse effects serious? 相似文献
76.
INTRODUCTION: The ecological associations between suicide rates and different indices of deprivation within London have been investigated at least for half a century. In the present study, the association between rates of suicide with newly developed hot spots of deprivation index within London boroughs have been studied taking into account the results of the spatial dependency between suicide rates in nearby boroughs. METHODS: Suicide data were provided by the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. The hot spots index of deprivation and the population counts were provided by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Region (DETR) and Office for the National Statistics (ONS), respectively. RESULTS: The results show that there is no strong spatial dependency between suicide rates in the London boroughs, the 'hot spots' index of deprivation predicts the rates of suicide in males 30-49, better than other age and sex groups. The rate of suicide decreases with decreasing deprivation as indicated by the 'hot spots' index. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that at the London boroughs the 'hot spots' index of deprivation (together with other socio-economic and social fragmentation indices) should be considered as a potential explanatory variable to explain the effects of age on rates of suicide in men and women. 相似文献
77.
Purpose
To evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for prediction and early monitoring of treatment in colorectal liver metastases.Materials and methods
Ten patients were included. Baseline and follow-up DCE-MRI examinations were evaluated by whole tumour and selected ROI placements calculating Kep-values. Selective ROIs, concentric-like and hot spot, were drawn on early arterial phase images. Monitoring of treatment was performed comparing RECIST1.1 criteria with whole tumour and selected ROI placement. To evaluate treatment effect between responders and non-responders, independent samples t-test was used on Kep-values.Results
In each patient largest lesion was evaluated totalling 10 target lesions. At baseline, for whole tumour ROI placements mean Kep-values in responders were significantly higher than mean Kep-values in non-responders (t = 7.481, p < 0.001). Selective ROI placement comparison of mean Kep-values at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment (first follow-up measurement) showed significant decrease in responding patients (t = 4.706, p = 0.003) whereas increase in Kep-values in non-responding patients was not statistically significant.Conclusion
This preliminary study shows that baseline Kep for whole tumour ROI is a predictor for treatment outcome. Decrease of Kep using selective ROIs allows early identification of response after 6 weeks of treatment. 相似文献78.
79.
80.