Minute liver metastases from a rectal carcinoid: A case report and review

We here report a 43-year-old male patient with minute liver metastases from a rectal carcinoid. Hepatic nodules were diagnosed during surgery, although they were not diagnosed by preoperative computed tomography or ultrasound examination. The rectal carcinoid was resected together with liver metastases and the patient has had no disease recurrence for 5 years following postoperative treatment of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral administration of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU). In 2003, a health check examination indicated presence of occult blood in his stool. Barium enema study revealed a rectal tumor in the lower rectum and colonoscopy showed a yellowish lesion with a size of 30 mm in diameter. Pathological examination of the biopsy specimen indicated that the rectal tumor was carcinoid. Although preoperative imaging examinations failed to detect liver metastases, 2 min nodules were found on the surface of liver during surgery. A rapid pathological examination revealed that they were metastatic tumors from the rectal carcinoid. Low anterior resection was performed for the rectal tumor and the pathological report indicated that there were 4 metastatic lymph nodes in the rectal mesentery. The patient received treatment by HAIC using 5-FU plus oral administration of HCFU and survived for 5 years.We also review world-wide current treatments and their efficacy for hepatic metastases of carcinoid tumors.     

MELD评分评估肝硬化肝功能储备力的临床研究

目的准确评估肝储备功能可大大促进肝胆外科的发展，本实验旨在通过MELD评分与Child-Pugh分级及肝纤维化定量评估间关系的研究，了解MELD评分系统对评估肝硬化病人肝功能储备力的价值。方法通过对19例正常对照组和23例肝炎后肝硬化肝病组病人术前测定MELD评分，同时采用计算机辅助数字图像分析法检测正常对照组和肝病组病人肝组织标本的纤维化程度，分析MELD评分与Child-Pugh分级及肝纤维化定量评估间的关系。结果肝硬化病人MELD评分与肝纤维化面积百分比间呈正的直线相关关系（r=0．84，P〈0．01），Child A、B、C三组间MELD评分亦具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论MELD评分是评估肝硬化病人肝储备功能的较好方法。     

小鼠骨髓源性肝干细胞筛选及其分化潜能的研究

目的从骨髓细胞中筛选肝干细胞。方法供体为纯系BALB／C雄性小鼠，从其骨髓细胞中分离CD34^＋Lin^-、CD90^＋Lin^-、CD117^＋Lin^-、Sca-1^＋Lin^-细胞。受体为35Gy全肝照射预处理的同龄同系BALB／C雌性小鼠，A、B、C、D组分别为CD34^＋Lin、CD90^＋Lin^-、CD117^＋Lin^-、Sca-1^＋Lin^-细胞移植。术后30d活杀小鼠，取肝作小鼠Y染色体性别决定基因Sry的原位分子杂交和白蛋白的免疫组化染色，镜下观察并记录双阳性细胞数量。结果A、B、C、D组小鼠肝组织中均检测到双阳性细胞，其中C组的双阳性细胞数量显著多于其它各组。结论CD34^＋Lin^-、CD90^＋Lin^-、CD117^＋Lin^-、Sca-1^＋Lin^-细胞都含有骨髓源性肝干细胞、都有分化形成肝细胞的潜能，但CD117^＋Lin^-细胞分化形成肝细胞潜能最大。     

伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌手术方式的合理选择

目的探讨不同手术方式对伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1993-2004年间102例伴肝转移的Ⅳ期胃癌病例的手术方式,评价不同术式对预后的影响。结果肝转移H1的胃癌病例行姑息切除后半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为69%、44%和6%,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。肝转移H2的胃癌病例姑息切除术后半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为56%、13%和6%,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.068)。肝转移H3的胃癌病例行姑息切除半年、1年和2年的生存率分别为25%、13%和0,与改道手术、开腹探查术者的生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.157)。有或无腹膜转移的病例,其术后生存率比较,差异亦无统计学意义(P=0.132)。结论肝转移H1的胃癌患者,无论伴与不伴腹膜转移,均应尽量行姑息性切除手术。肝转移H2、H3的Ⅳ期胃癌患者行切除性手术无益于预后。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效评价

目的评价应用碘化油及四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）微球栓塞治疗原发性巨块型肝癌的临床疗效。方法回顾分析行超选择插管栓塞原发性巨块型肝癌246例,分两组,以碘化油6-27 ml＋Fe3O4250μm,丝裂霉素（10 mg）,5-Fu 250 mg混悬液栓塞,主干应用明胶海绵栓塞126例,选择同期常规剂量碘化油及明胶海绵治疗巨块型肝病120例作为对照组,碘化油用量6-27 ml,分析两组术前后病灶大小变化,近期有效率及生存率。结果碘化油及Fe3O4组近期有效率明显高于碘化油组,碘化油及Fe3O4组1、2、3年生存率分别为89.3%、42.7%、31.2%,而碘化油组分别为53.8%、14.9%、12.6%。结论碘化油及Fe3O4微球治疗巨块型肝癌较碘化油栓塞组疗效有明显提高,可视为治疗巨块型中晚期肝病的有效方法。     

腹腔镜直肠癌切除联合微波刀一期治疗肝转移癌的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌切除联合微波刀一期治疗肝转移癌的临床价值。方法:对3例直肠癌合并肝转移的患者行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的同时,在腹腔镜直视下或超声引导下,用微波刀治疗肝转移灶。结果:无一例手术死亡,未出现严重并发症,随访5~8个月,均存活。结论:在腹腔镜直肠癌切除手术的同时用微波刀治疗肝转移灶安全有效,但长期效果有待进一步证实。     

421例同种原位肝移植肝动脉重建体会

目的探讨肝移植手术过程中肝动脉重建的技术要点,分析肝移植术后肝动脉合并症发生的原因。方法回顾性总结2000年5月至2006年5月,6年间我院连续实施的同种原位肝移植421例患者的临床资料,分析肝移植手术过程中可能影响肝动脉重建的因素,以及术后肝动脉合并症发生的可能原因,总结术中肝动脉重建的技术要点。结果421例肝移植患者中共发生肝动脉相关合并症者14例,发生率为3.3%,肝移植术后血管合并症主要是动脉血栓形成及肝动脉狭窄。14例合并症患者中死亡9例,死亡率为64.3%。按合并症出现时间分类,早期动脉合并症8例,死亡6例,晚期动脉合并症6例,死亡3例。结论供肝动脉的完整性、供受体动脉的重建方法以及显微外科技术的应用是影响肝动脉重建结果的重要因素。     

Repeat Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Progressive Hepatic Carcinoid Metastases Provides Results Similar to First TACE

Background Transarterial chemoemobolization (TACE) is commonly used to treat metastatic carcinoid tumors; however, the management of progressive disease is less clear. We sought to determine if patients with disease progression after TACE would benefit from repeat TACE. Methods The records of 27 patients undergoing repeat TACE for radiologic or symptomatic progression after TACE for metastatic carcinoid were reviewed and compared to 122 undergoing first TACE. Overall and progression-free survivals were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Mean disease-free interval after first TACE was 11.8 months. Radiologic response was observed in 61% compared to 82% after first TACE (p = 0.058); hormone response in 64% compared to 80% (p = 0.159); and symptomatic response in 77% compared to 92% (p = 0.053). The complication rate after repeat TACE was lower than after first TACE (p = 0.03). Median overall survival was similar after repeat (28.1 months) and first TACE (33.3 months) (p = 0.53). Progression-free survival was shorter after repeat TACE but not significantly so. No factor examined could predict survival after repeat TACE. Conclusion Repeat TACE for patients with hepatic carcinoid metastases failing first TACE or having evidence of disease progression is safe and offers a viable treatment option. Presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Washington, DC, May, 2007.     

Treatment strategy for synchronous metastases of colorectal cancer: is hepatic resection after an observation interval appropriate?

Background In cases of synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases, the primary colorectal cancer strongly influences on the metastases. Our treatment policy has been to conduct hepatic resection for the metastases at an interval of 3 months after colorectal resection. We examined the appropriateness of interval hepatic resection for synchronous hepatic metastasis. Materials and methods The subjects were 164 patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (synchronous, 70 patients; metachronous, 94 patients). Background factors for hepatic metastasis and postoperative results were compared for synchronous and metachronous cases. Results The cumulative survival rate for 164 patients at 3, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 71.9%, 51.8%, and 36.6%, and the post-resection recurrence rate in remnant livers was 26.8%. Interval resection for synchronous hepatic metastases was conducted in 49 cases after a mean interval of 131 days. No difference was seen in postoperative outcome between synchronous and metachronous cases. Conclusion The outcome was similarly favorable in cases of synchronous hepatic metastasis and in cases of metachronous metastasis. Delaying resection allows accurate understanding of the number and location of hepatic metastases, and is beneficial in determining candidates for surgery and in selecting surgical procedure.     

肝血管瘤血流动力学特征与个性化介入治疗的临床研究

目的探讨肝血管瘤血流动力学特征与个性化介入治疗的临床价值。方法 2007年1月～2010年2月,对81例肝血管瘤应用彩色多普勒血流显像（color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI）进行血流动力学评估,根据CDFI将其分为三型：富血供型、少血供型、乏血供型。根据CDFI评估结果采取个性化介入治疗方案：富血供型肝血管瘤行肝动脉栓塞术,采用平阳霉素超液化碘化油乳剂行肝动脉栓塞;乏血供和少血供型肝血管瘤,超声引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注入平阳霉素,分3次治疗,间隔10 d（瘤体≤7.0 cm,药物剂量分别为16、24、16 mg;瘤体〉7.0 cm,药物剂量分别为16、24、24 mg）。结果 CDFI示富血供型占25.9%（21/81）,少血供型占54.3%（44/81）,乏血供型占19.8%（16/81）。60例乏血供和少血供型肝血管瘤,采用超声引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注入平阳霉素,术后6个月瘤体消失21例（CR）,39例形成1.5～1.0 cm的瘢痕结节（PR）,总有效率100%。21例富血供型肝血管瘤行肝动脉栓塞,术后6个月19例瘤体缩小率〉75%（PR）,2例瘤体缩小50%左右（WR）,总有效率90.5%（19/21）。结论应用CDFI评估肝血管瘤的血流动力学特征,并以此为依据采取个性化介入治疗方案,在肝血管瘤介入治疗中具有重要的临床价值。