Influence of chrysin on hepatic marker enzymes and lipid profile against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rats

Chrysin is a flavonoid that exists in nature and is the major component of some traditional medicinal herbs. We investigated the hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidaemic potential of chrysin against d-galactosamine (a single intraperitoneal injection 400 mg/kg BW) induced hepatotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats. d-GalN rats exhibited an increased hepato and nephro toxicity marker activities aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and total bilirubin level while urea, uric acid and creatinine and lipid profile. It also negatively affected the serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio. Rats treated with chrysin at different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW) caused a significant improvement in serum protein level, decreased hepato and nephro toxicity markers. It also decreased the levels of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol while high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased. It also decreased the levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, free fatty acids in the plasma and tissues of liver and kidney. The effect of chrysin (25 mg/kg) is comparable with silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug. Chrysin thus exhibits hepatoprotective and antihyperlipidaemic activity.     

Changing from a mixed to self-selected vegetarian diet – influence on blood lipids

Objective To observe any changes in serum concentrations of lipids, when UK meat‐eaters switch to a self selected vegetarian diet for 6 months. Design Observational study using capillary blood samples and 3‐day estimated dietary diary. Setting Free‐living subjects in the North‐West of England. Subjects Twelve male and 31 female adult volunteers aged between 18 and 42 years. Outcome measures Serum lipids; nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements at baseline and 6 months after switching to a self‐selected vegetarian diet. Results Total energy intake and amount of energy derived from saturated fatty acids decreased significantly after changing to a vegetarian diet (P < 0.05) whereas energy derived from carbohydrate, and intakes of nonstarch polysaccharide intake increased. On switching to a vegetarian diet, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were not significantly changed, but HDL‐C was 21% higher than at baseline (1.21 mmol L^?1 vs. 1.47 mmol L^?1; P = 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that beneficial changes to diet occurred on changing to a self‐selected vegetarian diet. Changing to a self‐selected vegetarian diet appears to be one way of achieving a better blood lipid profile.     

补肾复方对去势雌性恒河猴E2及HDL-C水平的影响

目的:探讨补肾复方对去势雌性恒河猴血清E2水平及HDL-C水平的影响.方法:将4只性成熟雌性恒河猴行双侧卵巢切除术,复制成人工绝经模型,然后按体重分层,随机分为补肾复方组和倍美力对照组,每组2只.每日灌胃1次,28 d为一疗程,连续给药3个疗程.观察给药前后血清HDL-C、E2水平变化.结果:两组问在不同的时间对血清E2水平的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05),但重复测量问和处理间无统计学惠叉(P>0.05).两组间在不同的时间、重复测量和处理间对HDL-C水平的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:补肾复方升高血清E2水平的作用,随着用药时间的延长,优于倍美力.     

革兰阴性菌感染患者血脂测定的临床意义

目的 探讨革兰阴性菌感染患者血脂水平的改变.方法 采用酶法和免疫比浊法检测细菌感染患者的血脂,并相互比较.结果 革兰阴性细菌感染组比对照组和革兰阳性细菌感染组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、载脂蛋白A1（apoA1）及载脂蛋白A1/B（apoA1/apoB）均明显降低（P＜0.02）,而甘油三酯（TG）有所升高（P＜0.02）.感染组白细胞（WBC）均明显升高（P＜0.001）,而两感染组之间WBC无差别（P＞0.05）.结论 细菌感染患者HDL-C及apoA1的明显降低,有助于革兰阴性菌感染的判断,有利于内毒素血症早期合理地使用抗生素.     

The value of serum albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in defining mortality risk in older persons with low serum cholesterol

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between low cholesterol and mortality in older persons to identify, using information collected at a single point in time, subgroups of persons with low and high mortality risk. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. SETTINGS: East Boston, Massachusetts; New Haven, Connecticut; and Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand one hundred twenty-eight participants (64% women) age 70 and older at baseline (mean 78.7 years, range 70-103); 393 (9.5%) had low cholesterol, defined as < or =160 mg/dl. MEASUREMENTS: All-cause mortality and mortality not related to coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. RESULTS: During the follow-up period there were 1,117 deaths. After adjustment for age and gender, persons with low cholesterol had significantly higher mortality than those with normal and high cholesterol. Among subjects with low cholesterol, those with albumin> 38 g/L had a significant risk reduction compared with those with albumin < or =38 g/L (relative risk (RR) = 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-0.79). Within the higher albumin group, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level further identified two subgroups of subjects with different risks; participants with HDL-C <47 mg/dl had a 32% risk reduction (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.47-0.99) and those with HDL-C > or =47 mg/dl had a 62% risk reduction (RR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.20-0.68), compared with the reference category; those with albumin < or =38 g/L and HDL-C <47 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS: Older persons with low cholesterol constitute a heterogeneous group with regard to health characteristics and mortality risk. Serum albumin and HDL-C can be routinely used in older patients with low cholesterol to distinguish three subgroups with different prognoses: (1) high risk (low albumin), (2) intermediate risk (high albumin and low HDL-C), and (3) low risk (high albumin and high HDL-C).     

Physical Activity and Risk of Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity: A Prospective Taiwanese Cohort Study in More Than 200,000 Adults

ObjectiveTo examine the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk for metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in Asian adults.Patients and MethodsData were obtained from 205,745 healthy individuals 18 years or older. Individuals were classified as inactive, lower or upper insufficiently active, active, and high active. Metabolically unhealthy was defined as having 1 or more of the metabolic syndrome criteria, excluding the abdominal obesity criterion.ResultsThe percentages of metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), MHO, and MUO in our cohort were 30.8% (63,408 of 205,745), 5.8% (12,002 of 205,745), 4.1% (8329 of 205,745), and 20.7% (42,564 of 205,745), respectively. During a mean follow-up of 6 (range, 0.5-19) years, among 63,408 MHNW participants, 1890 (3.0%) and 1174 (1.9%) developed MUO and MHO, respectively. Among 12,002 MHOW participants, 3404 (28.4%) developed MUO and 2734 (22.8%) developed MHO. A total of 5506 of 8329 (66.1%) participants moved from MHO to MUO, and 5675 of 42,564 (13.3%) moved from MUO to MHO. Compared with being inactive, MHNW individuals who were active or high active showed lower risk for MUO. Among those with MHOW, being high active was associated with reduced risk for MUO and MHO. Although among MHO participants, PA was not associated with incident MUO, being active or high active was linked to a greater likelihood of moving from MUO to MHO.ConclusionPA may prevent the development of both MHO and MUO. PA also helps increase the transition from MUO to MHO, which may contribute to reduce the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and major cardiovascular disease complications.     

Ten-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Risk factors in a sample of people with type 1 diabetes

Aims

To determine the 10-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (DME), and its relationship with its risk factors in a sample of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A total of 334 patients without diabetic retinopathy at baseline underwent a 10-year prospective study, the risk factors included: age, gender, diabetes duration, HbA1c, LDL-C, HDl-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, ApoA1, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, and triglycerides were recorded. Risk factors for diabetic macular edema (DME) were also recorded.

Results

The 10-year incidence of any DR was 35.90%, and 11.07% developed DME. The risk factors for DR and DME were: diabetes duration, high glycosylated level, and arterial hypertension, and overt nephropathy was well correlated with DME. The lipid study demonstrated that ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significant for any DR [HRR: 0.594 (0.416-0.848), p = 0.01], and DME [HRR: 0.601 (0.433-0.894), p = 0.009]. The TC/HDL ratio was only significant for DME [HRR: 0.624 (0.440-0.886), p = 0.008]; other lipids values were not significant for any groups studied.

Conclusions

In the present study, the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significant to the 10-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy and to macular edema; and the TC/HDL ratio was significant to a 10-year incidence of macular edema.     

Type 2 diabetes risk in persons with dysglycemia: the Framingham Offspring Study

Aims

Detection of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults with dysglycemia.

Methods

We used a nested case-cohort prospective design to estimate risk of new diabetes (diabetes treatment or FPG ≥7.0 mmol/L) among 1004 Framingham Heart Study Offspring with baseline dysglycemia [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.4-6.9 mmol/L and/or 2-h post glucose load level 7.8-11.0 mmol/L]. Using clinical characteristics previously shown to predict incident T2DM, we used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR), p-values for predictors, and assessment of model discrimination.

Results

At the end of 7 years follow-up there were 118 incident T2DM cases. In a model that included age, sex, elevated blood pressure or blood pressure treatment, lipid-lowering treatment and elevated triglycerides, we found the following additional characteristics to be independently associated with new T2DM: parental history of diabetes (OR 2.28, p = 0.004); excess adiposity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² or waist circumference ≥101.6 cm) (OR 2.04, p = 0.0005), and low HDL-C [<1.0 (men) or <1.3 mmol/L (women)] (OR 2.77, p < 0.0001). The multivariable C-statistic for this model was 0.701, and with glycemic category information included, c = 0.751.

Conclusions

The key non-glycemic traits that predicted later T2DM in adults with dysglycemia were parental history of diabetes, excess adiposity and low HDL-C.