Hemangioblastoma of the corpus callosum: A case report and review of the literature on its origin

A third case of corpus callosum hemangioblastoma (HB) is presented. With no preoperative embolization, surgery was uneventful and the postoperative course was excellent. Based on the literature, we attempted to clarify the histogenesis of HB and to explain why they are exceptional in the supratentorial region in contrast to the posterior cranial fossa. The VHL gene is expressed particularly in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, but this expression is also possible in supratentorial structures. Its mutation leads to developmental arrest of angioblasts that become potentially neoplastic cells. These CD133-positive pluripotent neoplastic angioblasts, similar to stem cells, may be immature HB in the brain. They also express VEGF, coexpress Epo/EpoR, and are capable of differentiation into primitive vascular structures. This coexpression may not only mediate developmental stagnation, but may also induce HB proliferation. Therefore, HB tumorigenesis may be initiated during embryogenesis and may originate from angiomesenchyma because of the expression of three cell types (stromal cells, pericytes, and endothelial cells) in vimentin. Their capacity for proliferation and differentiation in HB depends on the microenvironment.     

Immunohistochemical staining of cancer stem cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be a critical subpopulation in tumor development, progression, metastasis and recurrence, and the identification of these cells is an initial step in understanding their role in oncogenesis and in seeking valuable markers for diagnosis or development of targeting therapeutics.

Aims

To identify CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and define their tissue specificity.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining of CSC markers: CD44, CD90, CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was performed in 25 HCC specimens, 4 hepatoblastomas, 8 peri-malignant tissues, and 19 cases of viral hepatitis.

Results

The positivity of CD44 staining in HCC specimens was significantly lower than in viral hepatitis specimens. The positive rate of CD133 in HCC was similar to viral hepatitis specimens. CD133⁺ cells were largely localized to ALDH-positive cells in HCC as revealed by confocal microscopy. In contrast, the co-expression of both markers was visualized within vessels or in the portal areas in viral hepatitis. Moreover, among 7 liver specimens adjacent to HCC tissue, 3-6 samples were positive for CD44, CD90, CD133 and ALDH, especially in dysplastic cells. One of 4 hepatoblastoma cases was positive for all these markers; whereas, the other three specimens were negative for all these CSC markers.

Conclusions

In HCC and dysplastic tissues, clusters of CD133⁺/ALDH^high cells were identified. The use of cancer stem cell markers to screen tissues with chronic liver diseases provides limited guidance in the identification of malignant cells.     

国产乙型肝炎血源疫苗免疫持久性及二次加强免疫后的效果观察

对国产乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）血源疫苗的免疫持久性及二次加强免疫后效果进行了８年的前瞻性观察，表明国产乙肝血源疫苗抗原性及近期免疫效果均好，初免后第３年、第４年在同一人群进行了二次加强免疫，二次加强免疫后效果较一次加强免疫为好，抗体持久性优于一次加强法。     

黄癸素对人口腔上皮样癌KB细胞株及化学诱导性仓鼠颊癌作用的研究

目的研究黄癸素对体外培养人口腔上皮样癌KB细胞及化学诱导仓鼠的口腔癌变抑制作用。方法 MTT法检测黄癸素对KB肿瘤细胞株的影响,计算24,48,72h的IC50。采用8周龄仓鼠,建立二甲基苯丙蒽(DMBA)诱发的颊囊癌模型,用黄癸素进行干预。结果黄癸素对KB细胞有抑制作用,24,48,72h的IC50分别为(12.74±0.13),(4.56±0.22),(2.88±0.11)mg/L;对KB细胞生长呈浓度、时间依赖性抑制作用。DMBA诱导的仓鼠在36,54,72mg/kg的黄癸素作用下,颊黏膜不典型增生与癌变的发生率有不同程度的降低,其中54,72mg/kg剂量组的病变总发生率分别为66.6%和53.3%,比模型组(86.6%)分别降低了20.0%和33.3%(P<0.01)。结论黄癸素能显著的抑制KB细胞生长,对化学物诱导的仓鼠口腔癌变也有抑制作用。     

PCR检测HBV DNA对乙肝疫苗应答反应的研究

儿童全程接种乙肝疫苗后的应答反应率高（为９６％）［１］；而成人接种乙肝疫苗后免疫应答比较低（为６５．１２％）。本文对成人组接种乙肝疫苗无应答反应１５例（３４．８８％），进一步探索了乙肝疫苗接种后不产生抗－ＨＢｓ的原因，采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测了１５例正常成人经乙肝疫苗接种后无应答反应者和３例乙型肝炎患者的血清，结果发现１５例不产生抗－ＨＢｓ者，经ＰＣＲ扩增ＨＢＶＤＮＡ均为阴性；仅３例为阳性。本文作者在ＰＣＲ检测指导下，对１５例成人采用乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白（ＨＢＩＧ）和３０微克乙肝疫苗联合应用１０５天后，有１２例产生抗－ＨＢｓ。提示对于接种乙肝疫苗的正常人群，凡经ＰＣＲ扩增ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阴性者，经过重复大剂量注射乙肝疫苗后可使绝大多数得到可靠的保护。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定二妙散中生物碱的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法,以盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸药根碱、黄柏碱、ＨＢ－１为定量指标,测定二妙散中上述各成分的含量。色谱柱Ｎｕｃｌｅｏｓｉｌ－ＯＤＳ;流动相为甲醇－磷酸盐缓冲液－十二烷基硫酸钠（６０∶４０∶０．１）;流速１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ;检测波长２６４ｎｍ。盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀和ＨＢ－１的加样回收率分别为９９．１２％,９８．３５％,９９．８２％,ＲＳＤ分别为３．４２％,３．１５％,３．７４％。测得二妙散中各生物碱含量分别为：小檗碱０．９１４％,巴马汀０．６０９％,药根碱０．０２４７％,黄柏碱０．０８３９％,ＨＢ－１０．３１３％。     

用于乙肝疫苗效力检定的NIH-q小鼠种群的建立

用7个近交系及两个NIH封闭群小鼠分别测定同一样品乙肝疫苗的免疫原性,由不同品系小鼠求出的ED_(50)值之间有显著差异,且该反应差异性与小鼠的H-2单倍型密切相关.NIH小鼠H-2基因的杂合性影响乙肝疫苗效力检定结果的准确性。通过对NIH小鼠的遗传选择,建立了H-2单倍型为q,对HBsAg免疫应答性较为一致的NIH-q种群,同时保持了原封闭群动物繁殖力强、生长速度快等优点.     

兴山县医院产科新生儿首针乙型肝炎疫苗接种分析

目的了解兴山县乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后,医院产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗的接种情况。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,对617名新生儿进行调查。结果医院产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗的接种率、及时接种率分别为97.73%、92.37%,母亲HBsAg阳性率0.61%。结论兴山县医院产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗的接种率达到了国家乙肝防治规划规定的接种率达90%的目标。加强产科接种点建设是提高乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率的关键。     

HBV感染各阶段血清乙肝表面抗原与HBV DNA及年龄的相关性分析

目的:探析未接受抗病毒干预治疗的慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者各阶段的血清乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)定量值与HBV DNA及患者年龄的关系.方法:2015年3月~2016年12月在我院就诊但未接受抗病毒治疗的498例慢性HBV感染患者的临床资料.根据临床诊断结果,将入选者分成非活动性HBsAg携带组(145例)、慢性HBV携带组(57例)、乙型肝炎E抗原(HBeAg)(+)慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)组(151例)、HBeAg(-)CHB组(65例)、HBeAg(-)乙肝肝硬化(LC-B)组(43例)和HBeAg(+)LC-B组(37例)6组.对血清HBsAg定量与血清HBV DNA及患者年龄进行相关性分析.结果:各组间的HBsAg定量值有统计学差异,其中HBeAg(-)、(+)的CHB组间HBsAg水平差异显著.除外非活动性HBsAg携带的HBV感染者的HBV DNA与血清HBsAg定量值呈显著正相关性.HBV感染者的血清HBsAg定量值与其年龄间存在显著负相关性.年龄>40岁的非活动性HBsAg携带者血清HBsAg定量值明显低于同年龄段的HBeAg(-)CHB患者.结论:HBV感染各阶段的血清HBsAg水平各不相同,该水平与患者的年龄及HBV DNA关系密切,是区分年龄超过40岁的非活动性HBsAg携带者与HBeAg(-)CHB患者的一个重要预测指标.     

e抗原阳性产妇之婴儿对乙肝疫苗免疫效果观察

本文报告用国产乙肝血源疫苗接种于e抗原阳性产妇之新生儿观察免疫后抗体的持续时间和保护状态。36名中31名产生抗-HBs,经5～6年,其中16名幼儿的抗-HBs仍在10mIU/ml以上,占61.29%,抗-HBs降到10mIU/ml以下者12名,占38.71%。36名婴儿初免后,6个月内HBsAg阳转者5人,到5年时仍为阳性,均演变为HBsAg慢性携带者。31名抗-HBs阳性的幼儿中,5～6年时有6人被HBV感染,表现抗-HBc阳性,但其HBsAg仍为阴性。HBV感染与抗体滴度偏低有关。抗体消失或降到10mIU/ml以下时,宜进行乙肝疫苗再接种,以增强其免疫能力。