8例郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症患儿Birbeck颗粒的超微结构观察

目的探讨郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(LCH)病损区郎格汉斯细胞(LC)及其中Birbeck颗粒的超微结构,为研究Birbeck颗粒的来源、形态、空间结构提供依据。方法透射电镜观察8例儿童LCH患者病变区LC及Birbeck颗粒的超微结构。结果 8例LCH患儿病损区均可见典型LC,其中6例LC中可见Birbeck颗粒,大部分位于胞浆中,部分位于细胞膜内侧,与细胞膜相连续,细胞膜外也可见Birbeck颗粒样结构存在;典型Birbeck颗粒呈棒状、网球拍样,也可呈不规则形,周围常伴有圆形空泡样结构。结论 Birbeck颗粒可能起源于细胞膜,空间结构可能为不规则形,其形态具有多样性,不规则性,非典型Birbeck颗粒也具有诊断意义。     

Q‐switched ruby laser irradiation on spotty pigmentation in the skin of the hairless dog

OBJECTIVE: To investigate macroscopically and histopathologically the dermatological changes after Q‐switched ruby laser (QRL) irradiation with different exposure doses in UVB‐induced pigmentation in hairless dogs.

METHODS: QRL irradiation with 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0?J/cm² was carried out on the UVB‐induced spotty pigmentation in the skin of the hairless dog. Gross appearance was observed daily throughout this study. Histopathological examination was performed 1 day before QRL irradiation and 1 and 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after QRL irradiation.

RESULTS: Immediately after QRL irradiation, spotty pigmentation was removed. One week after QRL irradiation, re‐epithelialization started from the margin of the irradiated sites. between 5 and 10 weeks after QRL irradiation, the skin color returned to normal and some portions showed recurrence of hyperpigmentation. Histopathologically, spotty pigmentation had a heavy deposition of melanin granules in the stratum basale, spinosum and corneum. One day after QRL irradiation, the skin showed destruction of melanin granules. Seven days after QRL irradiation, re‐epithelialization began from the surroundings of the QRL‐irradiated sites and the pilosebaceous units. The delayed process of re‐epithelialization was dependent on the incident exposure dose with QRL. The repaired epidermis was devoid of melanin granules. By 5 weeks after QRL irradiation with 3.0 and 5.0?J/cm², the stratum basale and spinosum revealed a redistribution of melanin granules. In the sites of recurrent hyperpigmentation, the bases of the remaining hair follicles showed a notable increase in the reproduction of melanin granules. Melanin granules abundantly aggregated in the bottom portion of the nucleus in each epidermal cell.

CONCLUSION: These results revealed that hairless dogs were invaluable laboratory animals, which developed spotty pigmentation after successive UVB irradiation. In addition, UVB‐induced spotty pigmentation in hairless dogs is useful for investigating the process of depigmentory treatment with QRL irradiation and recurrence of this lesion.     

益髓生血颗粒质量标准研究

目的:建立益髓生血颗粒的质量标准。方法:采用TLC对处方中的山茱萸,制何首乌,灸黄芪,当归,补骨脂和砂仁进行定性鉴别;用HPLC测定益髓生血颗粒中马钱苷的含量。结果:薄层图谱斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰;马钱苷在0.13～0.78μg呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为101.3%,RSD为2.02%。结论:建立的方法简便,准确,重复性好,精密度高,可用于益髓生血颗粒的质量控制。     

正交试验优选无糖外感风痧颗粒的成型工艺

目的:筛选无糖型外感风痧颗粒的成型工艺。方法:采取正交设计L9(34)方法,以颗粒成型率、吸湿率、溶解性和颗粒色泽均匀度的综合评分作为考察指标,优选出混合辅料添加量、混合辅料的组成和乙醇体积分数的最佳量化条件。结果:最佳工艺条件为A2B2C2,即添加1.75倍量的混合辅料,混合辅料组成比例为(糊精∶MCC∶甜菊素)94∶5∶1,湿润剂为90%乙醇;影响因素强弱依次为A>C>B,其中因素A和C对颗粒综合评分有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论:该成型工艺稳定合理,可用于工业生产。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定益母冲剂中9种化学成分

目的：建立HPLC法同时测定益母冲剂（益母草、当归、川芎、木香）中川芎嗪、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、芦丁、槲皮素、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄素和大黄酚9种化学成分的含量。方法：该药物甲醇提取液的分析采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以甲醇-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱;体积流量为1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温为30℃;检测波长为225,254,280,320 nm。结果：测得川芎嗪、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、芦丁、槲皮素、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄素和大黄酚分别在5.48~164.4,1.76~52.8,113.42~3402.6,9.66~289.8,4.86~145.8,61.72~1851.6,33.7~1 011,2.42~72.6,0.38~11.4 μg·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系（r >0.999 5）,平均加样回收率96.91%~101.39%,RSD为1.04%~1.97%。结论：该方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于益母冲剂的质量控制。     

白斑颗粒剂Ⅰ号方治疗白癜风的临床效果观察

摘要： 目的 通过应用皮肤共聚焦激光扫描显微镜 （CLSM） 动态观察中药白斑颗粒剂Ⅰ号方治疗气滞血瘀型白癜风的皮损色素恢复情况及效果。方法 气滞血瘀型白癜风患者 92 例随机分为 2 组, 试验组 49 例予口服白斑颗粒剂Ⅰ号方 3 g, 每日 2 次; 转移因子胶囊每次 6 mg, 每日 3 次; 外用 0.1%糠酸莫米松乳膏每日 1 次, 或 0.1%他克莫司软膏（面部）, 每日 2 次。对照组 43 例仅单纯口服转移因子胶囊每次 6 mg, 每日 3 次; 外用 0.1%糠酸莫米松乳膏（面部除外）, 每日 1 次, 或 0.1%他克莫司软膏 （面部）, 每日 2 次, 治疗 3 个月, 观察 2 组疗效。应用 CLSM 监测皮损处复色情况和色素恢复等级, 以及树枝状黑素细胞数目和炎症细胞浸润的变化。结果 试验组和对照组治疗后较治疗前的复色情况均有明显改善, 试验组总有效率优于对照组（81.63% vs. 69.77%, χ2=3.947, P＜0.05）。CLSM 示试验组白癜风皮损色素恢复等级情况与对照组差异有统计学意义、 树枝状黑素细胞比例高于对照组, 炎症细胞比例低于对照组 （P＜0.05）。结论 白斑颗粒Ⅰ号方治疗气滞血瘀型白癜风效果较为明显。     

尿毒清颗粒在结肠透析中治疗慢性肾功能衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的 探讨尿毒清颗粒在中药结肠透析治疗慢性肾衰竭患者的临床效果。方法 选取在我院接受结肠透析治疗的与不接受结肠透析治疗的慢性肾衰竭的患者共90例,分为观察组和对照组。对照组采用常规西医治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上增加中药结肠透析治疗。结果 观察组治疗的总有效率为91.7%,对照组总有效率为76.7%,且治疗后,治疗组24小时尿蛋白定量、HB、BUN、Scr、UA改善明显优于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗组治疗后血清Ca、P水平均较治疗前有所改善。结论 结肠透析治疗慢性肾衰竭有较好的临床疗效,可以显著改善慢性肾功能衰竭患者的临床症状。     

双辛鼻窦炎冲剂治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎258例

目的探讨双辛鼻窦炎冲剂对儿童慢性鼻窦炎的治疗效果。方法共258例（496侧）患者,11岁以下每次1包,11岁以上每次2包,温开水溶化后服用,每日3次,设定15d为1个疗程,最长2个疗程,1个疗程后复诊1次,未愈者继续第2个疗程,2个疗程后不愈即终止服药,采取其他综合办法治疗,随访半年,评定疗效。结果治疗后鼻塞、流脓涕症状消失或明显改善,鼻黏膜有不同程度消肿。治愈232例（45I侧）,占89．92％;显效20例（34侧）,占0．78％;好转3饲（5侧）,占0．12％;无效3例（6侧）,占0．12％;总有效率98．84％。结论双辛鼻窦炎冲剂有使窦腔及鼻黏膜消肿,促进窦腔脓液吸收和排出的作用,从而达到治疗效果。     

葆宫止血颗粒联合卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液对剖宫产产后出血的防治研究

目的 分析剖宫产产后出血防治中联用葆宫止血颗粒与卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年8月~2018年8月在我院行剖宫产的61例产妇的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为A、B两组。A组32例患者术后应用葆宫止血颗粒与卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液预防产后出血,B组29例仅应用卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液治疗。比较用药前后两组凝血功能（FIB、TT、D-D、APTT）,产后出血情况、宫缩与恶露维持时间、子宫底下降速度。结果 A组FIB、D-D、TT、APTT均低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组产后24 h失血量少于B组[（315.74±63.20）ml vs （463.01±50.43）ml],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组宫缩维持天数短于B组[（1.52±0.47）d vs （3.02±0.54）d],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组产后出血率低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组子宫底下降速度高于B组,恶露维持天数短于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 剖宫产产后出血防治中葆宫止血颗粒与卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液联用可改善产妇凝血功能,减少产后24 h出血量,降低产后出血率,加快子宫底下降速度,缩短宫缩时间与恶露维持时间,应用效果较好。     

Persistent redistribution of poly-adenylated mRNAs correlates with translation arrest and cell death following global brain ischemia and reperfusion

Although persistent translation arrest correlates with the selective vulnerability of post-ischemic hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (Ammon's horn) (CA1) neurons, the mechanism of persistent translation arrest is not fully understood. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence histochemistry, we studied colocalization of polyadenylated mRNAs [poly(A)] with the following mRNA binding factors: eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4G (translation initiation factor), HuR (ARE-containing mRNA stabilizing protein), poly-adenylated mRNA binding protein (PABP), S6 (small ribosomal subunit marker), T cell internal antigen (TIA-1) (stress granule marker), and tristetraprolin (TTP) (processing body marker). We compared staining in vulnerable CA1 and resistant CA3 from 1 to 48 h reperfusion, following 10 min global ischemia in the rat. In both CA1 and CA3 neurons, cytoplasmic poly(A) mRNAs redistributed from a homogenous staining pattern seen in controls to granular structures we term mRNA granules. The mRNA granules abated after 16 h reperfusion in CA3, but persisted in CA1 neurons to 48 h reperfusion. Protein synthesis inhibition correlated precisely with the presence of the mRNA granules. In both CA1 and CA3, the mRNA granules colocalized with eIF4G and PABP, but not S6, TIA-1 or TTP, indicating that they were neither stress granules nor processing bodies. Colocalization of HuR in the mRNA granules correlated with translation of 70 kDa inducible heat shock protein, which occurred early in CA3 (8 h) and was delayed in CA1 (36 h). Thus, differential compartmentalization of mRNA away from the 40S subunit correlated with translation arrest in post-ischemic neurons, providing a concise mechanism of persistent translation arrest in post-ischemic CA1.