消风散颗粒免疫调节作用机理研究

目的 :研究消风散颗粒免疫调节作用和机制。方法 :分别观察了消风散颗粒对小鼠迟发型变态反应 (DTH)耳肿胀度、胸腺指数、脾指数 ;丝裂原诱导的脾T、B淋巴细胞增殖和炎症组织细胞因子的影响。结果 :消风散颗粒可降低DTH小鼠异常增高的耳肿胀度、脾指数和胸腺指数 ;抑制丝裂原诱导的脾T、B淋巴细胞增殖 ;抑制炎症组织细胞因子白介素 1 (IL 1 )、白介素 2 (IL 2 )和白介素 4 (IL 4 )的活性。结论 :消风散颗粒的免疫抑制作用与其调节T、B淋巴细胞功能和抑制炎性细胞因子的活性有关。     

基于特征图谱对葛根配方颗粒过程控制的质量分析

[目的]通过特征图谱分析葛根饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒之间的相关性,以实现葛根配方颗粒过程控制的质量分析。[方法]采用UPLC建立特征图谱,测定葛根饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒中葛根素含量,同时以UPLC特征图谱为对照,建立三者特征峰共有模式,进行相关性评价。[结果] 24批葛根饮片、标准汤剂、配方颗粒中葛根素平均含量分别为5.8%、10.3%、7.8%,其特征图谱中均呈现8个共有特征峰,特征图谱相似度均大于0.90,表明这三者之间的物质成分一致。[结论]经方法学考察,建立的特征图谱方法稳定、含量测定准确度高,既可用于对葛根配方颗粒和葛根临床汤剂一致性评价,又可对葛根配方颗粒过程控制质量分析提供依据。     

壮尔颗粒对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的观察壮尔颗粒（Zhuang＇er Granules,ZG）对细胞免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官指数及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法用环孢菌素A（Cs A）建立小鼠模型,并在检测前第7天滴鼻肺炎链球菌（SP）。灌胃给药17 d后,测定小鼠免疫器官指数,并采用流式细胞仪（FACS）检测T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果胸腺指数与脾脏指数同空白对照组相比,模型组均有明显下降（P〈0.05）,各给药组与模型组比较均有明显提高（P〈0.05）,并随着给药量的增加而升高（P〈0.05）。脾脏中CD3^＋,CD4^＋,CD8^＋与空白对照组相比,模型组CD3^＋明显下降,CD4^＋有下降趋势,CD8^＋有上升趋势;各给药组CD3^＋,CD4^＋百分率随着给药剂量增加而升高,而CD8^＋的百分率随着给药剂量增加而降低。血中CD3^＋,CD4^＋,CD8^＋与空白对照组相比,模型组CD3^＋有下降趋势,CD4^＋明显下降（P〈0.05）,CD8^＋明显升高（P〈0.05）,各给药组CD3^＋和CD4^＋的百分率随着给药剂量的增加而升高（P〈0.05）,而CD8^＋的百分率随着给药剂量的增加而降低。结论壮尔颗粒有提高小鼠免疫功能的作用,提高CD3^＋和CD4^＋的同时,降低CD8^＋,以通过T细胞的平衡来调节小鼠自身的免疫功能。     

HPLC法测定止泻冲剂中没食子酸的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定止泻冲剂中没食子酸的含量。方法色谱柱为HypersilC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),0.1%磷酸-甲醇(90∶10)为流动相,流速为1.0ml·min-1,检测波长为220nm。结果实验表明没食子酸的含量在0.0167~0.835μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为101.62%,RSD=3.82%(n=6)。结论该方法简便、快速,重现性好,可用于止泻冲剂的质量控制。     

参苓养心颗粒治疗射血分数保留的心力衰竭临床研究

目的:探讨自拟参苓养心颗粒治疗射血分数保留的心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法:将60例气阴两虚、血瘀水停型射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者按随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组。对照组给予常规西药治疗。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用参苓养心颗粒。治疗4周后观察两组治疗前后心脏彩超、脑钠肽(BNP)、综合疗效等指标。结果:参苓养心颗粒可以明显改善患者症状,并降低BNP、二尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值/二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(E/E’),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。对左房容积指数(LAVI)未见明显的改善。结论:参苓养心颗粒能够改善射血分数保留的心力衰竭左心舒张功能,且无明显不良反应。     

HPLC法蒸发光散射检测器测定芪丹健脑颗粒的黄芪甲苷的含量

芪丹健脑颗粒是在儿科临床经验方基础上开发研制的中药复方制剂,处方由黄芪、茯苓、白术、党参等多味中药材组成。具有补血益气,益智开窍的功能。能够提高免疫功能,增强记忆,促进脑功能发育,临床可用于治疗小儿智能低下症。黄芪为方中君药,为了有效控制制剂的质量,拟对黄芪中的黄芪甲苷进行含量测定。在以往多数文献报道与《中国药典》2000年版中,对黄芪及黄芪制剂中的黄芪甲苷的测定方法采用薄层扫描法进行定量,薄层扫描法虽然在医药领域中占有重要的地位,其精密度、准确度能够符合质量标准的要求,但与HPLC法相比稳定性、重现性相对较差,…     

Granule maturation in mast cells: Histamine in control

Mast cells are derived from committed progenitors that originate in the BM. They mature into histochemically distinguishable, metachromatic mast cells containing numerous cytoplasmic secretory granules. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that mast cell granule maturation is very tightly regulated by many factors including different granule components such as proteoglycans. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Nakazawa et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44 : 204–214] highlight a role for mast cell derived histamine as another factor critical for mast cell maturation. Using histidine decarboxylase (HDC) deficient mice that are unable to make histamine, they show poorly formed secretory granules and decreased secretory granule protease expression in peritoneal mast cells. Co‐culturing BM‐derived mast cells with fibroblasts normally drives granule maturation, but HDC‐deficient BM‐derived mast cells fail to do so. Exogenously provided histamine partly restores granule differentiation as evidenced by increased tryptase and chymase activity, and this is histamine receptor type H₄‐dependent. However, H₄‐deficient mice have intact granule formation in peritoneal mast cells, suggesting that when HDC is functional, the intrinsic histamine production is sufficient for most granule maturation processes and H₄ is dispensable. This study highlights the role of histamine in the regulation of mast cell maturation, although the cytosolic target remains unknown.     

Control of fluid shear response in circulating leukocytes by integrins

Recent evidence shows that circulating leukocytes respond not only to humoral inflammatory mediators but also to fluid stresses. Application of fluid shear stress (of the order of 1–10 cm² to fresh migrating leukocytes leads to initial retraction of pseudopods, an important step to facilitate normal passage of leukocytes through the microcirculation and to prevent spreading on the endothelium. The ability to respond to fluid shear stress, however, may be regulated under different physiological conditions. In the current study, we examine the role of integrins in the fluid shear response as measured by pseudopod retraction with the use of antibodies against human neutrophil ₁ and ₂ integrins. Neutrophils adhering via ₂ integrins exhibit normal ability to project pseudopods and to migrate. Such cells show normal response to fluid shear with rapid pseudopod retraction. In contrast, attachment via ₁ integrins leads to firmly adhesive leukocytes, spreading and almost no cell migration. Such leukocytes exhibit a significantly attenuated ability for pseudopod retraction under fluid shear. These results suggest that integrins may serve as a regulating mechanism for fluid shear response in human leukocytes. Attachment via ₁ integrins may lead to an abolishment of the fluid shear response. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2002: 8716-b, 8719Tt     

外感风寒颗粒对大鼠体内对乙酰氨基酚代谢的影响

目的观察外感风寒颗粒对大鼠体内对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）代谢的影响。方法以口服APAP的大鼠为阳性对照,比较外感风寒颗粒与APAP同时口服及先服用外感风寒颗粒,2h后服用APAP试验组对APAP的药代动力学参数。结果同时给予外感风寒颗粒和APAP的试验组与单独给予APAP的对照组相比,AUC0-4h值升高（P〈0.05）,先服用APAP,2h后服用外感风寒颗粒的试验组AUC0-4h、Cmax值有显著升高（P〈0.01）,且升高值与外感风寒颗粒服用剂量成正比。结论外感风寒颗粒能使APAP在大鼠体内的血药浓度升高,对APAP的代谢有影响。     

荆防颗粒对寒冷刺激诱导小鼠机体损伤的保护作用

目的 研究荆防颗粒对寒冷刺激诱导小鼠机体损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 雄性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和荆防颗粒高、中、低剂量（16、8、4g/kg）,每组8只。给予相应药物连续干预7d,同时每天进行冰水浴寒冷刺激以建立小鼠机体损伤模型,每天测定小鼠体质量,实验结束后测定并计算脏器指数;观察小鼠耳组织外观和病理损伤程度;检测检测血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）活性及三酰甘油（triglycerides,TG）、肌酐（creatinine,CRE）、尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen,BUN）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）水平;检测肌肉组织中抗冻蛋白（antifreeze protein,AFP）水平。结果 经荆防颗粒干预后,各组小鼠体质量无显著性差异,体质量变化较为平稳,其中荆防颗粒低剂量组小鼠体质量增长较快,脏器指数无显著差异;耳组织外观及病理切片结果显示,小鼠受寒冷刺激诱导的损伤程度减轻;血清中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α和BUN水平降低（P＜0.05、0.01）;肌肉组织中AFP水平升高（P＜0.05、0.01）。结论 荆防颗粒对寒冷刺激诱导的机体损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制与抑制炎症反应、增加AFP水平有关。