沈阳市某农村社区居民健康状况分析

目的：了解沈阳市农村社区居民健康状况及主要健康问题,为农村健康促进工作提供基础资料。方法：采用随机抽样的方法,选择东陵区某中等经济水平农村社区18岁以上成年人进行一般状况调查及健康体检。结果：本社区居民超重和肥胖、高血粘、血压异常、脂肪肝、咽炎、尿路感染、女性阴道炎检出率较高,分别为48.0%,41.5%,33.8%,27.1%,20.7%,7.0%,47.5%。结论：该社区需加强健康教育和健康促进为主导的综合干预措施,进一步促进农村社区人群健康状况。     

对《2007年医院管理年活动方案》的认识与思考

针对新出台的2007年医院管理年活动方案，文章归纳了2007年管理年活动的主要内容和重点要求，并针对当前我国医院实际，紧密结合《医院管理评价指南（试行）》，从理念、质量、服务和管理4个方面着重分析了医院管理者应当关注的问题，以更好地贯彻落实管理年的有关精神和要求，科学制定出适合各级医院特点的更为具体和更具操作性的实施细则，促进我国公立医院管理水平不断提升。     

INTRA- AND INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF TACROLIMUS (FK506) IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS—IMPORTANCE OF TROUGH LEVEL AS A PRACTICAL INDICATOR

Background: Tacrolimus (FK506) is currently used as the primary immunosuppressant in clinical kidney transplantation in some centers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this drug and to see if trough level, which has been used widely in therapeutic drug monitoring, can be used as an appropriate substitute for other pharmacokinetic measurement tests. Methods: The blood concentration-time curve was studied in 10 kidney transplant recipients on 26 Occasions after oral dosage of 2 to 18 mg every 12 hours. Whole blood concentration was measured by two-step irnmunoabsorption assay. Methylprednisolone was used as a concomitant immuno-suppressive drug. Results: The blood concentration-time curves showed remarkable interindividual variation. lntraindividual variation was also found, but the degree of variation was slight compared with interindividual variation. On 17 occasions of measurement in one patient, the dose was significantly correlated with trough (r = 0.684). C_max (r = 0.838) and AUC_0–12 (r = 0.817). In nine patients on nine occasions, however, the dose was not significantly correlated with trough (r = 0.351), C_max (r = 0.270) or AUC_0–12 (r = 0.355). t_max ranged from one to four hours (mean + SD; 2.8 + 1.3) and fluctuated in both intra- and interindividual measurements. In spite of a wide variation in the blood concentration-time-curve patterns, a highly significant linear relationship between trough and C_max or AUC_0–12 was observed in both intraindividual (C_max, r = 0.876; AUC_0–12, r = 0.926) and interindividual (C_max, f = 0.943; AUC_0–12, r = 984) measurements. Concluslons: We conclude that trough level is a practical acceptable indicator of the blood levels of tacrolimus, and can be used to monitor blood concentration.     

The Effect of Intensive Insulin Therapy on the Insulin-regulatable Glucose Transporter (GLUT4) Expression in Skeletal Muscle in Type 1 Diabetes

Studies in normal man and rodents have demonstrated that the expression of the dominant glucose transporter in skeletal muscle, GLUT4, is regulated by insulin at supraphysiological circulating levels. The present study was designed to determine whether intensified insulin replacement therapy for 24 h given to patients with Type 1 diabetes in poor metabolic control was associated with an adaptive regulation of GLUT4 mRNA and protein levels in vastus lateralis muscle. Nine Type 1 diabetic patients with a mean HbA_1c of 10.3% were included in the protocol. After intensified treatment with soluble insulin for 24 h the fasting plasma glucose concentration decreased from 20.8 ± 2.3 (SD) to 8.7 ± 2.3 mmol 1^?1 whereas the fasting serum insulin level increased from 0.06 ± 0.02 to 0.17 ± 0.09 nmol 1^?1 However, despite a 2.8-fold increase in serum insulin levels and more than a halving of the plasma glucose concentration for at least 15 h no significant alterations occurred in the amount of GLUT4 protein (0.138 ± 0.056, poor control vs 0.113 ± 0.026 arb. units, improved control, p = 0.16) or GLUT4 mRNA (96432 ± 44985, poor control vs 81395 ± 25461 arb. units, improved control, p = 0.54). These results suggest, that in spite of evidence that high insulin levels affect GLUT4 expression in muscle, changes in serum insulin within the physiological range do not play a major role in the short-term regulation of GLUT4 expression in Type 1 diabetic patients.     

羧酸酯酶1和羧酸酯酶2基因表达量与体质量指数的关系及其基因多态性分析

目的 通过检测健康志愿者的羧酸酯酶1 (carboxylesterase 1,CES1)和羧酸酯酶2 (carboxylesterase 2,CES2)的基因多态性和基因表达水平,探索CES1和CES2在代谢中的作用。方法 从48例健康志愿者获得血样并提取DNA,对DNA进行二代基因测序,并提取总RNA检测基因表达量。使用多元线性回归分析CES1和CES2基因表达量与性别、年龄、体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)的关系。结果 CES1的基因表达量为141.8(72.7,237.8),CES2的基因表达量为74.4(30.8,133.6)。多元线性回归分析中,BMI与CES2的基因表达有关,性别、年龄和BMI与CES1的基因表达无关。发现CES1 20个基因变异,其中10个会引起氨基酸序列改变;发现CES2 6个基因变异,其中2个引起氨基酸序列改变。结论 发现CES2的表达水平与BMI相关,CES1的表达水平与BMI无明显相关,基因预测结果提示CES1的遗传变异可能影响其功能表达。     

The effect of harmaline on intestinal sodium transport and on sodium-dependentd-glucose transport in brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit jejunum

Harmaline inhibition of sodium uptake and of sodium-dependentd-glucose transport was investigated using brush-border membrane vesicles from frozen rabbit jejunum. Under sodium-gradient conditions, initiald-glucose uptake (20 s) was inhibited by harmaline at concentrations above 0.5 mM, but at lower harmaline concentrationsd-glucose uptake was stimulated by 10–15%. When a similar potassium gradient was used, harmaline had no effect. At concentrations upt to 2 mM, harmaline did not alter the equilibrium uptake ofd-glucose ord-mannitol. After pre-equlibration with sodium (25 mM),d-glucose uptake was inhibited at harmaline concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2 mM. Sodium (10 mM) uptake was also inhibited by harmaline. Increasing the sodium concentration reduced the inhibitory effect of harmaline on tracer sodium uptake as well as on sodium-dependentd-glucose uptake. Similar to phlorizin, harmaline (1 mM) was able to prevent glucose-induced sodium influx across the brush-border membrane.Sodium uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles seems to be inhibited at lower harmaline concentrations than sodium-dependentd-glucose uptake. At high (2 mM) inhibitor concentrations, however, sodium-dependent glucose uptake is more strongly inhibited than sodium uptake. These results suggest that harmaline inhibits both sodium and sodium-dependent transport across intestinal brush-border membranes by interacting with specific sodium-binding sites.     

父母文化程度与高师学生心理健康问题研究

目的 了解高师学生心理健康现状和父母文化程度对高师学生心理健康水平的影响。方法 对河南省部分高师学生进行问卷调查。结果 河南省大部分高师学生心理健康状况是好的和比较好的；15.13%的高师学生心理健康状况不良，教师、咨询人员和家长应高度重视，密切配合，正确地对他们进行引导和教育。结论 父母文化程度不同对高师学生心理健康水平的影响有差异。但差异不显著。     

Glucosamine-resistant mutations in yeast affecting the glucose repression sensitivity of electron transport enzymes

Summary We have isolated two mutant strains, GSA^r-4 and GSA^r-5, which are able to grow on lactate in the presence of D-glucosamine. The glucosamine-resistant phenotype results from the cooperative effects of mutations in three loci, GAR1, GAR2 and GAR3. Both glucosamine resistant mutant strains were doubly mutant at gar1 gar2 (GSA^r-4) or gar1 gar3 (GSA^r-5). The mutants were also shown to exhibit glucose repression insensitive synthesis of NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome c oxidase. Glucose-repressible synthesis of the following enzymes was seen: succinic dehydrogenase, succinic: cytochrome c reductase, maltase (PNPGase), galactokinase, -galactokinase. The glucose-repression insensitivity segregates in association with the glucosamine resistance.     

Influence of glucose ingestion by humans during recovery from exercise on substrate utilisation during subsequent exercise in a warm environment

Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion during short-term recovery from prolonged running has been shown to increase the capacity for subsequent exercise in a warm environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the amount of glucose given during recovery on substrate storage and utilisation during recovery and subsequent exercise in a warm environment. A group of 11 healthy male volunteers took part in two experiments in a controlled warm environment (35°C, 40% relative humidity), 1 week apart. On each occasion the subjects completed two treadmill runs (T1 and T2) at a speed equivalent to 60% of maximal oxygen uptake, for 90 min, until they were fatigued, or until aural temperature (T _aur) reached 39°C. The two runs were separated by a 4 h recovery period (REC), during which subjects consumed 55 g of naturally enriched [U-¹³C]-glucose in the form of a 7.5% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES, mass of solution 667 g) immediately after T1. The subjects then consumed either: the same quantity of CES, or an equivalent volume of an electrolyte placebo, at 60, 120 and 180 min during REC, providing a total of 220 g (C220) or 55 g (C55) of [U-¹³C]-glucose, respectively. Expired gases were collected at 15 min intervals during exercise and 60 min intervals during REC, for determination of total CHO and fat oxidation by indirect respiratory calorimetry, and orally ingested [U-¹³C]-glucose oxidation, estimated from the ¹³C:¹²C ratio of expired CO₂. Substrate metabolism did not differ between conditions during T1. Despite the fact that total CHO (P<0.05) and ingested glucose oxidation (P<0.01) were greater during REC of the C220 condition, glycogen synthesis was estimated to be approximately fivefold greater (P<0.01) than in the C55 condition. During T2 the rate of total CHO oxidation was higher (P<0.01) and total fat oxidation lower (P<0.01) at all times during the C220 compared to the C55 condition. The greater CHO oxidation during C220 appeared to be met from ingested sources, as the rate of [U-¹³C]-glucose oxidation was greater (P<0.01) at all times during T2, compared to C55. Whilst more of the ingested substrate remained unoxidised on completion of T2 during C220, exercise duration was similar in the two experimental conditions, and was limited by thermoregulatory incapacity (T _aur>39°C) rather than substrate availability per se. Electronic Publication     

精神分裂症患者G72基因表达水平的研究

目的 本工作旨在检测精神分裂症（Schizophrenia）患者外周淋巴细胞中G72基因的表达情况，进而探讨G72基因的表达与精神分裂症的相关关系。 方法 工作在56例精神分裂症患者和84名年龄性别相匹配的对照中进行，在新鲜外周血样本中抽提总RNA，反转录成cDNA，基因表达量的检测在ABI Prism7900HT型序列监测系统上进行，采用TaqMan的方法对患者及对照组样本的mRNA进行定量，采集的荧光数据经SDS2.1软件自动处理，每个样本作三次平行检测，取平均值作为该样本的最终定量。数据应用SPSS统计软件进行处理，对组间基因表达水平的差异采用独立样本的T检验，调用本实验室G72基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）资料，用单因素方差分析的方法分析SNP与基因表达水平的关联性。结果 1.检测得到G72基因在对照组中的表达量为0.0586±0.0114amol/ng cDNA, 在精神分裂症患者组中的表达量为0.0498±0.0121amol/ng cDNA。2.经显著性检验， G72基因的表达水平在病例和对照组间差异无统计学意义，t=-0.512，df138，P=0.609，95%CI:-4.258~2.506。3.单因素方差分析结果显示，rs947267位置上的SNP与该基因的表达水平无相关，F=0.355，df2，χ2=0.703；而rs2181953位置上的SNP与G72基因表达水平相关联，F=6.275，df2，χ2=0.004。A/A基因型的患者基因表达水平显著高于其他基因型。结论：精神分裂症患者G72基因的表达量总体上较正常人并无显著变化，但rs2181953位置上的基因型会影响精神分裂症患者该基因的表达。