视频喉镜、直接喉镜和纤维支气管镜经鼻气管插管的临床应用比较

目的：比较视频喉镜（GSVL）、直接喉镜（DLS）、纤维支气管镜（FOB）经鼻气管插管的临床应用效果,以便根据患者术前气道评估情况选择最正确的插管方法。方法：150例在经鼻气管插管全麻下行声带息肉摘除术的ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级患者随机分为3组：视频喉镜组（G组,n=50）,直接喉镜组（D组,n=50）,纤维支气管组（F组,n=50）。麻醉前进行气道评估分级（Ⅰ~Ⅳ）,并分别记录麻醉诱导前,麻醉诱导后,气管插管即刻,插管后1min、3min、5min的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）、收缩压与心率的乘积（RPP）以及气管插管成功率、插管时间等。结果：插管即刻、插管后1min的SBP、DBP、HR、RPP等指标升高F组〉D组〉G组,3组相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）。气管插管总成功率分别为98%（F组）、88%（G组）、76%（D组）,3组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。气道分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的患者插管成功率F组（91.7%）明显高于G组（40%）和D组（0%）（P〈0.05）。插管时间F组（59.3±13.6s）明显长于G组（37.8±9.3s）和D组（36.5±8.8s）（P〈0.05）。结论：视频喉镜经鼻气管插管的血流动力学反应最小,纤维支气管镜法的血流动力学反应大,气管插管成功率最高但耗费时间最长,适合于气道评估分析为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级气道的患者。直接喉镜法气管插管成功率最低,不适合困难气道患者。     

GlideScope可视喉镜与普通喉镜用于腭裂患儿困难气道的比较研究

目的:比较GlideScope 可视喉镜与普通喉镜用于腭裂困难气道患儿气管插管的效果。方法:选择行择期腭裂修复术患儿60例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄8个月~3岁,体重5～15 kg,Mallampati分级Ⅲ级及以上,随机分为两组,普通喉镜组(A组)和GlideScope 可视喉镜组(B组)。麻醉诱导后分别用普通喉镜和GlideScope 可视喉镜引导经口气管插管。记录两组患者气管插管时间(从喉镜置入到退出时间)、气管插管成功率、环状软骨按压例数、Cormark-Lehane分级(用于计算声门暴露满意率);有无插管操作相关的口咽软组织损伤。结果:与A组比较,B组声门暴露满意率明显提高,需要甲状软骨按压辅助气管插管例数显著减少,气管插管成功率显著提高(P<0.05)。两组患者气管插管时间和气管插管损伤差异无统计学意义。结论:GlideScope可视喉镜用于困难气道气管插管的效果要优于普通喉镜。     

Comparison of learning direct laryngoscopy using a McGrath videolaryngoscope as a direct versus indirect laryngoscope: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveTracheal intubation using a direct laryngoscope is difficult to teach. The McGrath videolaryngoscope, a Macintosh-like device with a camera, can be used as a direct laryngoscope to educate novices under supervision using the screen. We compared the effect on Macintosh laryngoscopy skills following training with a McGrath videolaryngoscope as a direct versus indirect laryngoscope.MethodsThirty-seven participants were randomized into direct and indirect groups according to the training method using a McGrath videolaryngoscope. Participants attempted Macintosh direct laryngoscopy in normal and difficult airway scenarios. The primary endpoint was the intubation time, and the rate of successful intubation, dental trauma, and difficulty were secondary outcomes.ResultsThe intubation time after education decreased significantly in both groups and was significantly shorter in the direct group than in the indirect group across time. The difficulty degree in the direct group was lower than that in the indirect group across time; however, the rate of dental trauma was not significantly different.ConclusionBoth direct and indirect laryngoscopy using a McGrath videolaryngoscope improved the performance of Macintosh direct laryngoscopy in novices, while direct laryngoscopy using a McGrath videolaryngoscope demonstrated better educational effects than indirect laryngoscopy.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03471975","term_id":"NCT03471975"}}NCT03471975).     

肥胖患者GlideScope视频喉镜与直接喉镜经口气管插管时血流动力学与声门显露程度的比较

目的观察比较GlideScope视频喉镜和普通喉镜用于肥胖患者经口气管插管的临床效果。方法60例ASAI～Ⅱ级拟择期行经口气管捕管全麻下手术的肥胖患者,随机抽签分成观察组（GlideScope视频喉镜组,n=30）、对照组（直接喉镜组,n=30）。全麻诱导后观察记录诱导前、诱导后、暴露声门时、气管插管时和插管成功后1min的心率和无创血压．同时记录插管时声门暴露程度、捕管时间、一次插管成功率和插管并发症。结果对照组在声门暴露时血压和心率显著高于观察组。观察组Cormark—Lehane分级Ⅲ级以上的病例（1例）明显低于对照组（8例）（p〈0．05）;一次插管成功率为100％,而对照组为93．3％;对照组有2例口唇损伤、3例咽痛,而观察组未发生。结论GlideScope视频喉镜不能减轻插管引起的应激反应,但是可提高声门的暴露程度与插管成功率,减少捅管并发症。     

GlideScope视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在单纯唇裂婴儿全身麻醉经口气管插管中的应用

目的:通过观察GlideScope视频喉镜(GlideScope video laryngoscope,GSVL)和Macintosh直接喉镜在单纯唇裂婴儿全身麻醉经口气管插管中的应用情况,比较二者的插管效果及对血流动力学影响.方法:选取择期行单纯唇裂修复术的婴儿60例,美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,月龄4～10个月,随机分为两组,全身麻醉诱导后随机采用GS VL(GS组)进行气管插管或Macintosh直接喉镜(MA组)进行气管插管,记录两组婴儿镜下Cormack and Lehane分级(C-L分级)情况、声门暴露时间、导管置入时间、插管时间、一次气管插管成功率以及观察插管过程中婴儿心率变化,并记录是否有插管并发症(口腔、牙齿、牙龈损伤,咽喉部软组织损伤,声音嘶哑等).结果:与MA组相比,GS组能提高声门暴露程度(P＜0.05),提高一次插管成功率(P＜0.05),但延长了声门暴露时间、导管置入时间和插管时间(P＜0.05),两组插管并发症相比无差异(P＞0.05).两组婴儿在插管过程中心率都表现为先增快,插管完成之后又恢复到诱导后水平,GS组在暴露声门时、气管插管时、插管后即刻心率较MA组相比明显减慢(P＜0.05).结论:在单纯唇裂婴儿全身麻醉经口气管插管中,GSVL在无助手辅助的情况下能获得更优的镜下C-L分级,提高一次插管成功率,对婴儿刺激小,但会延长插管时间.     

Alternative techniques for tracheal intubation

Conventional direct laryngoscopy with the curved Macintosh blade is a fundamental skill for all anaesthetists and has been the cornerstone of airway management for many years. This technique relies on the operator aligning the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal structures and inserting an endotracheal tube into the trachea under direct vision. There is a recognized failure rate with this technique and thus alternative techniques for tracheal intubation should be available for use in difficult situations. Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) remains the ‘gold standard’ method for securing the airway in an anticipated difficult intubation. Advances in optical technology over recent years have lead to the development of several rigid indirect devices, which improve glottic visualization by enabling the operator to ‘see around the corner’. With improved views at laryngoscopy these videolaryngoscopes are emerging as important tools in airway management and useful teaching and training aids.     

Difficult airway management in the emergency department: GlideScope videolaryngoscopy compared to direct laryngoscopy

Background

Videolaryngoscopy has become a popular method of intubation in the Emergency Department (ED), however, little research has compared this technique with direct laryngoscopy (DL).

Objective

To compare the success rates of GlideScope (Verathon Inc., Bothell, WA) videolaryngoscopy (GVL) and DL in emergent airways with known difficult airway predictors (DAPs).

Methods

We evaluated 772 consecutive ED intubations over a 23-month period. After each intubation, the physician completed a data collection form that included: demographics, DAPs, Cormack-Lehane view, optical clarity, lens contamination, and complications. DAPs included: cervical immobility, obesity, small mandible, large tongue, short neck, blood or vomit in the airway, tracheal edema, secretions, and facial or neck trauma. Primary outcome was first-attempt success rates. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds of failure for DL compared to GVL.

Results

First-attempt success rate with DL was 68%, GVL 78% (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.001). Adjusted odds of success of GVL compared to DL on first attempt equals 2.20 (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–3.19). After statistically controlling for DAPs, GVL was more likely to succeed on first attempt than DL (OR 3.07, 95% CI 2.19–4.30). Logistic regression of DAPs showed that the presence of blood, small mandible, obesity, and a large tongue were statistically significant risk factors for decreasing the odds of success with DL and increasing the odds of success of GVL.

Conclusion

For difficult airways with the presence of blood or small mandible, or a large tongue or obesity, GVL had a higher success rate at first attempt than DL.     

GlideScope视频喉镜在颈椎手术84例气管插管中的应用

目的:观察快速诱导静脉全麻下应用GlideScope视频喉镜引导气管插管的成功率及插管的心血管反应。方法:择期或急诊颈椎手术84例患者,ASAI～II级,在快速静脉全麻诱导后用GlideScope视频喉镜经口插管,记录插管操作时间、次数和并发症,并测量诱导前(T1)、诱导后(T2)、插管时(T3)、插管后1分钟(T4)、插管后3分钟(T5)的HR、SBP、DBP、MAP。结果:GlideScope视频喉镜的插管成功率为97.6%,插管时间为12～135s,平均为28.7±9.2s。78例患者1次插管成功,4例患者2次插管成功,成功率为97.6%,另有2例患者改为纤支镜插管。患者在气管插管过程中HR、SBP、DBP、ABP平稳,未造成呼吸道损伤。结论:GlideScope视频喉镜插管适合颈椎活动受限的困难气道患者,成功率高,插管迅速,安全性好。     

探讨GlideScope视频喉镜在临床麻醉中行气管插管的可行性

目的探讨GlideScope视频喉镜在临床麻醉中行气管插管的可行性。方法选择首都医科大学附属复兴医院妇产科就诊的经口气管插管全身麻醉下行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者100例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,分为2组,即:Ⅰ组(G),Ⅱ组(M),年龄(45±15)岁,常规麻醉诱导〔芬太尼(2～3)μg.kg-1,异丙酚2 mg.kg-1,维库溴铵0.1 mg.kg-1〕。Ⅰ组采用GlideScope视频喉镜,Ⅱ组采用直接喉镜实施经口气管插管。记录显露声门时间、插管时间、喉部显露情况及麻醉诱导气管插管期间不同时间点(T1、T2、T3、T4)平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)。结果 G组满意显露声门的时间为(15.38±5.21)s;M组为(14.21±3.11)s。G组气管插管的时间为(30.22±11.31)s;M组为(30.11±12.23)s。2组麻醉诱导气管插管期间与基础值T1比较,T2及T3时段MAP降低(P<0.05),T4时段心率增加显著(P<0.05),2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 GlideScope视频喉镜在临床麻醉中行气管插管过程中能安全有效地显露声门,气管插管刺激及损伤较小,能解决部分临床困难气管插管问题并可减少医生交叉感染的危险。