普外科胆囊癌的相关危险因素探讨

目的探讨胆囊癌的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年12月1100例在我院普外科就诊者的相关资料,其中胆囊癌者76例,男50例,女26例,平均年龄(44.78±10.41)岁;统计分析胆囊癌发病的危险因素。结果胆囊癌的发病率为6.91%(76/1100)。胆囊癌组的男性发病率明显高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胆囊癌组有胆囊壁增厚患者发病率明显高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胆囊癌组HBsAg+/anti-HBC+与HBsAg-/anti-HBC+患者发病率明显高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:胆囊癌的危险因素包括男性(OR=2.02),胆囊壁增厚(OR=2.07),HBsAg-/antiHBC+(OR=2.89)和HBsAg+/anti-HBC-(OR=2.44)。结论男性,胆囊壁增厚,乙型肝炎病毒感染为胆囊癌发病的危险因素。     

全身麻醉与连续硬膜外麻醉+全身麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的比较

目的比较全麻与硬膜外麻醉+全麻两种方法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术的优缺点。方法 ASAⅠ^Ⅱ级行择期腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者随机分为全麻组(A组)和连续硬膜外+全麻组(B组),每组40例,分别观察麻醉前、气管插管即刻、手术开始即刻、气腹后5 min、手术结束即刻、拔管即刻的心率、血压及拔管时间两组间的比较。结果两组血压心率变化无异常,但B组患者呼吸恢复及拔管时间明显短于A组(P<0.05)。结论两组麻醉均能用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术,但B组患者拔管时间短,术后恢复更好。     

Spilled gallstones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Introduction

Incidental gallbladder cancer is found in 0.6–2.1% of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones. Patients with Tis or T1a tumours generally undergo no further intervention. However, spilled stones during surgery may have catastrophic consequences. We present a case and suggest aggressive management in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer who had spilled gallstones at surgery.

Case History

A 37-year-old woman underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones, during which some stones were spilled into the peritoneal cavity. Subsequent histological examination confirmed incidental pT1a gallbladder cancer. Hepatopancreatobiliary multidisciplinary team discussion agreed on regular six-monthly follow-up. The patient developed recurrent pain two years after surgery. Computed tomography revealed a lesion in segment 6 of the liver. At laparotomy, multiple tumour embedded gallstones were found on the diaphragm. Histological examination showed features (akin to the original pathology) consistent with a metastatic gallbladder tumour.

Conclusions

This case highlights the potential for recurrence of early stage disease resulting from implantation of dysplastic or malignant cells carried through spilled gallstones. It is therefore important to know if stones were spilled during original surgery in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Aggressive and early surgical management should be considered for these patients.     

Gallbladder perforation by absorbable spiral tacker

Introduction

Mesh fixation with tacker systems is common in laparoscopic and open hernia repair. Complications due to absorbable tackers are rare and have not been described in the literature. However, we report a case of gallbladder erosion due to tacker dislocation.

Methods

An open hernia repair was performed using an intraperitoneal onlay mesh for a recurrent parastomal hernia after two previous mesh repairs in a 67-year-old patient.

Results

On postoperative day 2, the patient was reoperated because of a dislocated tacker that eroded and perforated the fundus region of the gallbladder. Putatively, tacker dislocation occurred owing to imbalanced traction forces. Initially, the mesh was fixed with absorbable tackers around the stoma on the right and transmuscular suture fixation was carried out on the left abdominal side. On revision surgery, tension forces to the right were therefore neutralised by additional transmuscular sutures on the right side.

Conclusions

Absorbable tackers in open hernia repair provide a safe and effective mesh fixation if tension forces are carefully avoided.     

IFN-γ对胆囊癌荷瘤小鼠IL-10和单核-巨噬细胞的影响

目的探讨IFN-γ对胆囊癌小鼠模型中肿瘤内IL-10和单核-巨噬细胞的影响。方法20只BALB／C裸鼠通过皮下接种人胆囊癌细胞株GBC—SD构建胆囊癌小鼠模型,按照随机数字表法分为IFN-γ组和对照组（每组各10只）。IFN．叮组小鼠在肿瘤内注剃、鼠重组IFN-γ 0．1mL（1×10^5kU／L,生理盐水溶解）,对照组注射同等剂量的生理盐水,通过ELISA法检测肿瘤中鼠源性IL-10的表达情况,通过免疫组织化学染色法计数CDl4’细胞（单核-巨噬细胞）、CD64^＋细胞（M1型巨噬细胞）和CD206’细胞（M2型巨噬细胞）,并以Student’st检验对所得数据进行分析。结果接种肿瘤细胞1周后,裸鼠皮下全部成瘤,固定于左前肢腋下。IFN-γ组存活9只,对照组存活7只。IFN-γ组裸鼠肿瘤质量为（518±138）mg,对照组为（669±128）mg;IFN．1组肿瘤体积为（456±172）mm。,对照组为（505±146）mm。,两组裸鼠肿瘤质量和体积比较,差异无统计学意义（t=2．240,1．503,P〉0．05）。IFN-γ组裸鼠肿瘤中鼠源性IL-10浓度为（58±16）μg／g,显著低于对照组的（102±45）“g／g,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=2．796,P〈0．05）。IFN-γ组中单核-巨噬细胞计数为814-16,显著高于对照组的50-e21;M1型巨噬细胞计数为66±12,显著高于对照组的94-4;M2型巨噬细胞计数为154-4,显著低于对照组的40±14,两组细胞计数比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=3．214,13．127,6．914,P〈0．05）。结论IFN-γ能够降低肿瘤微环境中的IL-10浓度。IFN-γ能够诱导单核-巨噬细胞浸润至胆囊癌细胞问质中,主要分化为M1型巨噬细胞。     

内镜保胆胆囊息肉摘除术的临床应用

目的：观察内镜保胆法进行胆囊息肉手术的临床效果。方法选择该院68例胆囊息肉患者,择日行内镜保胆胆囊息肉摘除术,观察手术的临床效果。结果68例患者均首次手术切除息肉,且术中无并发症,手术时间0．6～2．0h,随访1年无复发。术中所见：息肉大小2～14mm,平均10mm;数量1～6个,平均3个;腺瘤息肉16例,胆固醇息肉42例,炎性息肉8例,其他12例;合并胆结石7例。结论内镜保胆胆囊息肉摘除术临床效果好,并发症少,具有维持胆囊功能的作用,值得推广应用。     

自噬相关基因Beclin1和MAP1LC3B在胆囊癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的 检测自噬基因Beclin1、MAP1LC3B在原发性胆囊癌组织中的表达情况,探讨细胞自噬在胆囊癌发生中的作用及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学SP方法,检测Beclin1、MAP1LC3B在胆囊癌组织中的表达情况,并以同期手术切除的胆囊炎性疾病组织为对照;统计Beclin1和MAP1LC3B的表达情况,并分析其与胆囊癌临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 胆囊癌组和慢性胆囊炎组Beclin1的阳性表达率分别为45.7％和78.3％,MAP1LC3B的阳性表达率分别为47.8％和71.7％,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Beclin1和MAP1LC3B在不同年龄、性别、癌组织分化程度患者中的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但与周围脏器侵犯情况、病理TNM分期有关（P＜0.05）.Beclin1和MAP1LC3B在胆囊癌组织中的表达水平呈正相关（r=0.538,P＜0.01）.结论 胆囊癌组织中Beclin1和MAP1LC3B表达水平明显低于胆囊炎性疾病组织;Beclin1和MAP1LC3B的表达水平与胆囊癌侵袭能力及TNM分期有关,且两者表达呈正相关;提示Beclin1和MAP1LC3B是反映胆囊癌生物学行为的重要指标,两者之间可能存在着某种共同通路.     

双镜联合保胆取石术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石患者疗效对比分析*

目的 比较采取双镜联合保胆取石术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石患者的疗效。方法 2015年2月～2020年2月我院收治的78例胆囊结石患者,其中36例接受腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石术,另42例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术,术后随访12个月。采用ELISA法或双抗体夹心免疫发光法检测血清皮质醇(COR)和C反应蛋白(CRP)。结果 观察组手术时间和住院费用分别为(53.3±17.7)min和(3.2±0.5)万元,显著长于或高于对照组【(36.7±10.8)min和(2.3±0.4)万元,P＜0.05】,术后进食和肛门排气时间分别为(2.8±0.9)h和(14.9±3.2)h,均显著短于对照组【分别为(3.3±0.7)h和(19.3±4.1)h,P＜0.05】;在术后3 d,观察组血清CRP和COR水平分别为(11.2±3.1)mg/L和(195.6±30.8)ng/mL,显著低于对照组【分别为(19.0±4.9)mg/L和(211.6±32.7)ng/mL,P＜0.05】;术后2周行超声检查,发现观察组患者胆囊功能完好,无结石残留;随访3个月,观察组患者出现切口感染、腹泻、反流性胃炎、胆道出血和急性胰腺炎等并发症发生率为11.1%,显著低于对照组【31.0%,P＜0.05】;在随访12个月末,观察组结石复发为2.8%。结论 采取双镜联合保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石患者可能更有利于患者胃肠功能的恢复,减少术后并发症的发生,值得进一步探索。     

CT检查对诊断胆囊腺肌症的效能分析*

目的 总结胆囊腺肌症与胆囊癌患者多层螺旋CT(MSCT)表现特征。方法 2015年9月～2020年9月我院诊治的胆囊腺肌症患者113例和胆囊癌患者78例,均接受MSCT和超声检查,外科手术治疗后行组织病理学检查。结果 MSCT检查结果与术后组织病理学检查结果的一致性(Kappa=0.749)显著高于超声检查(Kappa=0.577);MSCT诊断胆囊腺肌症的准确度为88.0%,显著高于超声检查的79.6%(P<0.05);MSCT对局限型胆囊腺肌症的检出率为97.1%,显著高于超声检查的82.9%(P<0.05);在CT检查上,胆囊腺肌症表现为胆囊壁光滑、RAS窦和肝胆交界清楚显示率分别为36.3%、36.3%和69.0%,显著高于胆囊癌组的9.0%、6.4%和38.5%(P<0.05)。结论 MSCT检查诊断胆囊腺肌症有较高的正确率,其特征有助于与胆囊癌鉴别。     

Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combined with huachansu in patients with advanced gallbladder carcinomaTian-Jie Qin,Xin-Han Zhao,Jun Yun,Ling-Xiao Zhang,Zhi-Ping Ruan,Bo-Rong Pan

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin(GEMOX)cornbined with huachansu(cinobufagin)injection treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gallbladder carcinoma(GBC),and to assess the quality of life(QOL)of such patients.METHODS:Twenty-five patients with locally advanced or metastatic GBC were treated with intravenous gemcitabine(1000 mg/m2)over 30 min on days 1 and 8,2 h infusion of oxaliplatin(120 mg/m2)on day 1,and 2-3 h infusion of huachansu(20 mL/m2)on days-3-11,every 3-4 wk.Treatment was continued until occurrence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression.QOL of patients was assessed by the EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline,at the end of the first,third and sixth chemotherapy cycles,and 1 mo after the treatment.RESULTS:Among the 25 patients with a median age of 64 years(range 42-78 years),23 were evaluable in the study.A total of 137 cycles of therapy were performed and the median cycle was 5(range 1-8)per patient.Out of the 23 patients whose response could be evaluated,8 partial responses(PR)were observed(34.8%),while 7 patients(30.4%)demonstrated a stable disease(SD).The disease control rate was 65.2%.Progression of cancer was observed in 8(34.8%)patients.The median progression-free and overall survival time was 5.8 mo(95% CI:4.5-7.1 mo)and 10.5 mo,respectively.The therapy was well tolerated,with moderate myelosuppression as the main toxicity.Anemia grade 2 was seen in 16.0%,neutropenia grade 3 in 8.0% and thrombocytopenia grade 3 in 24.0% of patients,respectively.Non-hematologic toxicity ranged from mild to moderate.No death occurred due to toxicity.The QOL of patients was improved after chemotherapy,and the scores of QOL were increased by 10 t0 20 points.CONCLUSION:GEMOX combined with huachansu(cinobufagin)injection is well tolerated,effective,thus ireproving the QOL of patients with advanced GBC.(C)2008 The WJG Press.All rights reserved.