Influence of Nicotine on Myocardial Stiffness and Fibrosis During Chronic Ethanol Use

Cardiomyopathy related to ethanol abuse is often accompanied by cigarette use. To examine if the major cardioactive component may intensify the abnormal function and composition induced by chronic ethanol, nicotine was administered orally, 2.5 mg bid, to a canine model receiving 36% of calories as ethanol for 6 months (group III). These animals were compared with group II receiving ethanol alone, group IV on nicotine alone, and controls (group I). In the intact, ventilated, anesthetized dog, left ventricular pressures and volumes were measured before and after dextran infusion and related to left ventricular collagen alterations. Basal heart rate, aortic pressure, and ejection fraction were comparable with controls. End-diastolic pressure and diastolic chamber stiffness (KPV) were significantly higher in the basal state and during dextran infusion in the three experimental groups, compared with group I. The increment was largest in the ethanol-nicotine group. Analysis of left ventricular myocardium revealed a rise of collagen concentrations in all three experimental groups, with an interstitial distribution on histochemical examination. Moreover, determination of advanced glycosylation endproducts, as a measure of alterations in collagen cross-links, revealed higher concentrations versus controls. The greater increase of diastolic stiffness in the nicotine-ethanol group occurred despite a similar concentration of fluorescent products as group II. Because the former had a larger increase of collagen concentration, total cross-linked collagen content was presumably greater after the combined use of nicotine-ethanol. Thus, nicotine in relatively high dose when combined with ethanol, elicited a modest further increase in the left ventricular chamber stiffness and collagen concentration.     

大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤对肝脏功能和形态的影响

目的:探讨大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤后对肝脏功能和形态的影响。方法:建立大鼠肾缺血2h再灌注损伤模型,测定再灌注1,4,8h及假手术组血清谷丙转氨酶(sALT)、谷草转氨酶(sAST)活性,肝匀浆还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,肝细胞胞浆谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)活性;光镜及电镜下观察肝组织细胞形态学变化。结果:与假手术(sham)组比较,大鼠肾缺血2h再灌注1,4,8h组sALT、sAST活性分别升高36%、37%,195%、104%,64%、86%(P<0.05,P<0.01);肝匀浆GSH含量、肝胞浆GST活性分别降低32%、17%,33%、36%,25%、16%(P<0.05,P<0.01);光镜:肝脏淤血,细胞脂肪变性及灶性坏死;电镜:细胞间连接消失,细胞融合,未见细胞膜结构。结论:大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤对肝脏的功能和形态均有一定程度的损害。     

先天性肛门直肠畸形术后合并便秘患儿排便功能评定及病因探讨

目的便秘是先天性肛门直肠畸形(anorectal malformation,ARM)术后常见的并发症,其病理改变复杂,病因尚不清楚。本研究利用多种客观检查方法对ARM术后便秘患儿肛门直肠功能和神经功能进行评定,并对其病因进行探讨。方法利用同位素排便造影、直肠肛管测压、肌电图和肛门括约肌神经电生理等方法对49例ARM患儿和31例正常儿童的排便功能进行全面、系统和动态的评价,49例ARM患儿根据畸形位置分为中低位组和高位组,每组再根据是否发生便秘分出两个亚组,并对上述测量指标进行统计分析。结果同位素排便造影结果显示,ARM术后便秘组半排时间[中低位:(13.45±8.35)s;高位:(20.59±4.26)s]与术后无便秘组[中低位:(4.69±6.86)s;高位:(7.66±6.38)s]相比明显延长,ARM术后便秘组排空率[中低位:(29.35±14.84)s;高位:(33.00±9.04)s]与术后无便秘组[中低位:(61.70±23.01)s;高位:(60.31±30.38)s]相比明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。直肠肛管测压检测结果显示,直肠感觉阈在所有ARM组中均明显高于正常组(P<0.05),ARM便秘组[中低位:(53.57±9.45)mL;高位:(57.50±9.14)mL]高于ARM无便秘组[中低位:(46.32±14.61)mL;高位:(47.27±8.76)mL]。ARM便秘组感觉收缩时间[中低位:(2.79±0.39)s;高位:(3.51±1.93)s]明显长于ARM无便秘组[中低位:(1.97±0.67)s;高位:(2.11±0.43)s],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肌电图结果显示,反映排便动力的痉挛指数在术后合并便秘组均明显高于未合并便秘组。神经电生理结果显示会阴-肛门反射潜伏期在ARM患儿组均明显延长,其中ARM合并便秘组[中低位:(66.04±16.20)ms;高位:(70.41±17.91)ms]延长更加明显,与ARM无便秘组[中低位:(38.51±16.92)ms;高位:(49.91±9.45)ms]相比存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论ARM术后便秘患儿直肠感觉功能和排便动力存在明显异常,其严重程度与支配盆底肌肉的神经功能异常有关。治疗前应进行详细、系统的肛门直肠和神经功能的客观检查,明确排便功能障碍的具体病因和病理改变。     

中文版脑瘫患儿手功能分级系统的信度和效度研究

的确定中文版脑瘫（CP）患儿手功能分级系统（MACS）的信度和效度。方法通过分析现场操作评价和录像评价结果之间的关系确定MACS的重测信度;分析不同评价者间（家长、作业治疗师和康复医生）的评价结果确定MACS的评价者间信度;以CP患儿精细运动能力测试（FMFM）的分值为效标确定MACS的平行效度。结果来自上海2家CP康复机构的124例4—18岁CP患儿参加了此项研究。男77例,女47例;平均（6．7±2．6）岁,4—7岁97例;～12岁24例,～18岁3例。其中痉挛型四肢瘫27例,双瘫48例,偏瘫38例,手足徐动型5例,共济失调2例,肌张力障碍型4例。粗大运动功能分级（GMFCS）Ⅰ级51例,Ⅱ级32例,Ⅲ级15例,Ⅳ级14例,Ⅴ级12例。2名作业治疗师的现场评价与录像评价结果显示,MACS具有良好的重测信度,ICC值分别为0．94（95％CI：0．90～0．96）和0．87（95％CI：0．80～0．92）;同时MACS具有良好的评价者间信度,作业治疗师与家长现场评价间的ICC值为0．85（95％CI：0．77～0．91）,2名作业治疗师现场评价间的ICC值为0．99（95％CI：0．99～1．00）,不同家长现场评价间的ICC值为0．91（95％CI：0．66～0．98）,2名作业治疗师录像评价间的ICC值为0．96（95％CI：0．94～0．97）,作业治疗师与康复医生录像评价间的ICC值为0．94（95％CI：0．90。0．97）;MACS与FMFM分值间具有良好的平行效度,Spearman相关系数为-0．71。结论中文版CP患儿MACS具有良好的信度和效度,适用于中国开展CP患儿的手功能分级。在进行MACS评价时应充分考虑环境因素的影响,引导家长参与到MACS的评价工作中来。     

混合生物人工肝细胞成分的初步研究-乳猪肝细胞的分离和培养

为探讨乳猪肝细胞分离、体外培养的条件及其生长方式。方法用两步灌注结合胶原酶消化法分离乳猪肝细胞,用激素条件培养基进行体外培养,ＥＤＴＡ消化传代,测定细胞的活性,观察其生长方式,群体倍增时间及蛋白质和ＤＮＡ的合成。结果在胶原酶浓度为０．０７５％,细胞的收获和成活率较高,原代和传代的肝细胞生长良好,原代肝细胞倍增时间较短,ＤＮＡ和蛋白质的合成也较活跃,与传代细胞相比,无明显差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论乳猪肝细胞分离所需的胶原酶浓度较高,在一定的条件下,能分裂增殖,且能进行传代,同时能维持其基本特性。     

超声检测脑血管病高危人群颈动脉内皮舒张功能

探讨一种简便易行、可靠实用的无创性颈动脉检测方法，为脑卒中的早期防治提供依据。应用高分辨超声分别对53例脑血管病高危人群和53例健康成年人在休息时、反应性充血时和含服硝酸甘油后的颈内动脉内径变化进行测定，数据取连续检测3次平均值。结果发现，超声声像图显示高危组患者颈动脉内膜均有不同程度增厚，管腔狭窄；在反应性充血试验和含服硝酸甘油后，健康组颈动脉明显扩张，与基础值比较有显著性差异，而高危组颈动脉虽有扩张，但与基础值比较无显著性差异。结果提示，健康人的颈内动脉内皮依赖性舒张具有明显的可调节性，血流增加可引起内皮依赖性舒张；而高危组虽随血流增加可使内皮依赖性舒张，但调节能力明显下降，同时表明本测定方法简便而可行。     

The German Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire: reliability, validity, responsiveness, and comparison with the Short Form 36 and Constant score—a prospective evaluation of patients undergoing repair for rotator cuff tear

In a prospective clinical trial, first the German Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire (SMFA-D) was tested for reliability, validity, and responsiveness in 23 patients with rotator cuff tears, and secondly the Short Form (SF)-36, and the Constant score were evaluated comparatively in 45 patients with rotator cuff tear undergoing open repair. Retest reliability was excellent for the functional index of the SMFA-D and satisfactory for the bother index. The SMFA-D showed good validity and responsiveness. All three instruments demonstrated significantly the positive effect of rotator cuff repair at 12-month follow-up. Using comparable scales, effect sizes were bigger with the SMFA-D than with the SF-36 and as big as the Constant score. Significant correlations of the SMFA-D indices with the SF-36 scales and the Constant score could be shown preoperatively. At 12-month follow-up, all correlations between SMFA-D indices, SF-36 scales, and Constant score function scales were still significant. We recommend use of the SMFA-D to assess changes in functional status concerning patients with rotator cuff tear undergoing open repair.This study is a project of the Rehabilitation Research Network of Bavaria funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research and the German Statutory Pension Insurance ().     

改良腭咽肌瓣重建腭裂术后腭咽闭合功能的临床研究

目的:研究改良腭咽肌瓣重建腭咽闭合功能治疗中的应用。方法:对25例腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全的患者实施改良的腭咽肌组织瓣转移术。结果:手术效果好,高位形成新的咽环,腭咽肌瓣同软腭协同作用完成腭咽闭合。鼻音计检测鼻音化率明显降低,语音功能改善。结论:改良腭咽肌组织瓣转移术用于治疗腭裂术后腭咽闭合功能不全,具有创伤小,手术时间短,并发症较少,手术效果稳定可靠。     

肌电分析在TMD临床疗效评价中的应用

目的:探讨3种不同方法治疗伴有磨牙症TMD的咀嚼肌肌电特征差异,评价3种治疗方法的效果.方法:30例伴有磨牙症的TMD患者被随机分为3组,每组10例.A组进行内毒杆菌毒素A(BTX-A)双侧咬肌肌内注射治疗,B组进行功能训练治疗,C组进行弹性颌垫治疗.对3组研究对象在治疗前、治疗1、3、6个月分别采集双侧咬肌(MM)和颞肌前束(TA)在下颌姿势位(MPP)以及牙尖交错位(ICP)最大紧咬牙时的肌电图(EMG),采用SAS 5.0统计学软件分析比较3组的峰值电位(Amp)之间是否存在统计学差异.结果:横向比较中各个治疗时间段A组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)显著低于B组和C组(P＜0.05),肌电显示MPP中A组在治疗过程中能显著降低双侧咬肌肌力(P＜0.05),ICP时A组在1、3个月时显著降低双侧咬肌肌力(P＜0.05),同时双侧颞肌肌力显著增强(P＜0.05).纵向比较中3组在治疗过程中均能明显降低疼痛(P＜0.05),但3组时间点不同,A组缓解疼痛时间较长,肌电图显示3组均可显著降低咬肌MPP肌力(P＜0.05),A、C组可降低ICP咬肌肌力(P＜0.05),A组双侧颞肌肌力可代偿增强(P＜0.05),B、C组颞肌肌力治疗前后均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:临床症状与肌电图的结合使用能够对口颌系统行使功能过程中咀嚼肌的表现进行很好地观测,对TMD患者的咀嚼肌生物力学和结构方面有很好地理解.BTX-A肌内注射方法治疗伴有磨牙症的TMD可显著缓解患者疼痛,疗效持续时间较长.BTX-A肌内注射可显著降低咀嚼肌力,使目标肌肉(咬肌)疲劳得到缓解,促进咀嚼肌力平衡重建,较传统方式存在潜在优势.