超临界CO2提取桉树叶挥发油工艺优选

目的:研究CO_2超临界提取桉树叶挥发油的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上,采用三因素三水平的响应曲面分析法对桉树叶中桉树油提取工艺进行优化。结果:得到桉树叶挥发油提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度75.72℃,提取时间8 h,提取压强402.78 bar,提取率为6.83%。结论:方法简便合理、稳定,可预测性较优。     

TLC法鉴别复方罗汉果止咳颗粒中的枇杷叶

目的:复方罗汉果止咳颗粒中枇杷叶的鉴别。方法:采用薄层色谱方法,以三氯甲烷∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶水(19∶45∶26∶10)为展开剂,硅胶G为固定相,喷以10%香草醛硫酸溶液,在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰,日光下检视薄层斑点。结果:薄层色谱图中,样品溶液在对照品、对照药材相应的位置上,分别显相同颜色的紫红色斑点。阴性样品无相同斑点。结论:本法简便、准确,可用于复方罗汉果止咳颗粒中的枇杷叶的鉴别。     

产地对连翘叶中木脂素和黄酮类成分含量的影响

目的比较产地对连翘叶中木脂素类成分和黄酮类成分含量的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定不同产地连翘叶中芦丁、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量,以4mL·L~(-1)冰醋酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为277nm,柱温为25℃,流速为1.0mL·min~(-1)。结果不同产地连翘叶中芦丁、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量差异较大。黄酮类成分,以湖北和陕西产的连翘叶中芦丁含量较高,高达1.1%以上;木脂素类成分,以湖北、陕西和河南产的连翘叶中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷含量较高,分别高达3.0%和1.0%以上。而江西产的连翘叶中芦丁、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量普遍较低。结论产地对连翘叶中木脂素类成分和黄酮类成分的含量影响显著。     

A Simple High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Assay of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba Leaves

Objective: Ginkgo biloba leaves, as an herbal medicine or dietary supplement, have been widely used worldwide. In this study, an integrated analytical method was established for the comprehensive analysis of flavonoids in G. biloba leaves. Materials and Methods: A practical chromatographic method combining high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis and quantitation was used to simultaneously determine 11 flavonoids(6 flavonol glycosides and 5 biflavones) in G. biloba leaves from different regions. Results: A total of 11 characteristic peaks were identified accurately, and the similarity of fingerprints ranged from 0.944 to 0.996. Methodology validation revealed appropriate linearity(R~2 ≥0.9997), precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. The total contents of the six flavonol glycosides and five biflavones were within the range of 2.142-8.378 mg/g and 3.759-5.675 mg/g in 19 batches of samples, respectively. Among them, two coumaroyl flavonol glycosides were the predominant components. Conclusions: In this study, a convenient and reliable approach was successfully employed for the comprehensive evaluation of flavonoids in G. biloba leaves, which also provided a reference for its quality standard.     

紫苏叶不同栽培年份和采收期8种酚类成分含量研究

该文建立了同时测定紫苏叶中迷迭香酸(RA)和咖啡酸(CA)2种酚酸,野黄芩素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷(SDG)、木犀草素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷(LDG)、芹菜素-7-O-二葡萄糖醛酸苷(ADG)、野黄芩素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷(SG)、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷(LG)、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷(AG)6种黄酮含量的方法。基于10份包括不同挥发油化学型的紫苏种质,以及不同栽培年份和不同采收期的材料,测定上述8种成分的含量。结果表明不同种质间酚酸总含量和黄酮总含量差异大,2种酚酸总量为2.24~34.44 mg·g^-1,6种黄酮总量为11.55~34.71 mg·g^-1。各成分按照含量由多到少的顺序为RA 2.13~33.97 mg·g^-1,LDG 1.31~14.80 mg·g^-1,SG 1.97~8.45 mg·g^-1,ADG 2.68~7.60 mg·g^-1,SDG 1.16~5.87 mg·g^-1,LG 0.78~1.91 mg·g^-1,AG 0.56~1.00 mg·g^-1,CA 0.11~0.68 mg·g^-1。5份PA型种质中多数成分的含量在2017年高于2018年,表现出不同栽培年份变化较大。9份种质的2种酚酸类成分含量随采收时间的变化,在穗前期(8月3日—8月18日)先降低,在开花结实期,8月18日—9月2日开始升高,9月2日—9月17日有缓慢降低趋势,在果熟期再次升高;而6种黄酮类成分的含量在不同种质中随采收时间变化趋势不一致。部分种质中黄酮类与酚酸类成分的变化呈现负相关,酚酸类成分的变化和挥发油化学型构成没有相关性。该论文为高品质紫苏药材的栽培提供参考。     

Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice

Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p < .05). GSLS exhibited the protective potential against HS‐induced injury not only by modulating Bcl‐2 family and caspase protease family, but also by suppressing the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and activation of Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < .05). In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that GSLS exhibited a significant protective effect against HS‐induced testicular dysfunction, mainly the inhibition of oxidative stress associated apoptosis partly via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.     

头颈部肿瘤放疗黏膜急性放射反应的护理研究

目的：评价双黄连雾化吸入在头颈部肿瘤放疗中治疗急性黏膜放射反应的临床价值。方法：162例接受放射治疗的头颈部肿瘤患者被随机分为观察组与对照组。观察组81例接受以双黄连为主的雾化吸入治疗，对照组81例接受以庆大霉素为主雾化吸入治疗。结果：依据CTC2．0黏膜放射反应分级标准，放射剂量≤DT30Gy时。两组黏膜反应相近（P〉0．05）；放射剂量超过DT30Gy时，观察组黏膜急性放射反应发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）；观察组放疗疗程时间明显短于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：双黄连雾化吸入防治黏膜急性放射反应，可明显降低黏膜急性放射反应发生率，缩短放疗疗程。     

银杏叶提取物对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究银杏叶提取物（Extracts of ginkgo biloba leaves,EGB）对β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ25-35）诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用.方法用Aβ25-35处理诱导体外培养的PC12细胞损伤,并用EGB进行保护,显微观察细胞形态的改变,LDHH法和MTT法检测细胞膜的损伤情况.结果EGB处理组细胞数比损伤组显著增多,受损变圆的细胞数较少,细胞形态明显改善,EGB处理组上清液LDH活性显著低于Aβ25-35处理组（P＜0.01）,MTT值显著高于Aβ25-35处理组（P＜0.01）.结论EGB对Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有显著的保护作用.     

铁皮石斛叶总黄酮泡腾颗粒剂的制备与抗氧化活性研究

目的 获得铁皮石斛叶黄酮提取物泡腾颗粒剂的制作工艺并测定其抗氧化能力。方法 采取L₉(3⁴)正交设计法,以粒度、溶化时间为评价指标,考察乳糖的用量、柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠的配比、PEG6000的用量对泡腾颗粒剂影响,以最佳处方制备泡腾颗粒剂,并采用《中国药典》2015年版方法对其进行质量评价。采用NaNO2比色法测定制剂中总黄酮的含量。采用DPPH法测定制剂的抗氧化能力。结果 最佳处方为乳糖用量40%,柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠的配比1.3:1,PEG6000用量9%。所得制剂符合《中国药典》2015年版相关标准,其总黄酮含量为(1.29±0.08)mg·g^-1,DPPH清除能力的IC₅₀为(3.77±0.10)mg·mL^-1。结论 本论文将铁皮石斛叶黄酮提取物制备成吸收快、生物利用度高、便于运输携带的泡腾颗粒制剂,该制剂黄酮含量丰富,具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

番石榴叶总三萜改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜损伤的作用机制研究#br#

目的　探讨番石榴叶总三萜（TTPGL）对糖尿病大鼠视网膜损伤的影响及相关机制。方法　雄性SD大鼠50只,按55 mg/kg腹腔一次性注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导糖尿病模型。模型诱导成功后,大鼠编号后按照随机数字表法分成5组：糖尿病组（DM组,生理盐水灌胃）、TTPGL低剂量组（TTPGL-L组,50 mg/kg灌胃）、TTPGL中剂量组（TTPGL-M组,100 mg/kg灌胃）、TTPGL高剂量组（TTPGL-H组,200 mg/kg灌胃）及二甲双胍组（Met组,10 mg/kg灌胃,阳性对照）,另取10只正常雄性SD大鼠作为对照组（CON组,生理盐水灌胃）。每日1次连贯干预12 周后,免疫荧光染色检测视网膜神经胶质酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达,Western blot检测视网膜核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α蛋白相对表达量,HE染色检测视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）密度。结果　干预12周后,与CON组相比,DM组血糖明显升高,视网膜GFAP、NF-κB及TNF-α蛋白表达明显增加,RGC密度明显降低（均P＜0.05）。与DM组相比,TTPGL-M组、TTPGL-H组及Met组GFAP、NF-κB及TNF-α蛋白表达明显降低,RGC密度明显增加（均P＜0.05）,而DM组与TTPGL-L组之间上述指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　TTPGL对糖尿病状态下RGC损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与降血糖、下调视网膜GFAP表达和抑制炎症反应有关。