薏苡叶总碱抗氧化研究

目的:研究广西薏苡叶总碱的抗氧化性,为薏苡叶的开发利用提供参考依据。方法:以75%乙醇为溶剂提取薏苡叶中的总碱类物质,采取比色法测定薏苡叶总碱对DPPH·、O2-和·OH 3三种自由基的清除作用以及对Fe3+还原能力。结果:薏苡叶有较强的清除作用及还原Fe3+能力。结论:清除率与浓度存在明显的量效关系,当总碱浓度为0.50 mg/ml时,其清除率O2-·为43.5%,DPPH·为69.2%,·OH为11.2%;还原Fe3+能力随总碱的浓度增加而增强。     

A randomized controlled study of dose-finding,efficacy, and safety of mulberry leaves on glycemic profiles in obese persons with borderline diabetes

ObjectivesMulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves have been used in traditional medicine for treating hyperglycemia. However, there remains difficulties in the implementation of mulberry leaves in evidence-based practice. The aims of this study were to examine the optimal dose of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in mulberry leaves and to determine the efficacy and safety of mulberry leaves in glycemic control in obese persons with borderline diabetes.DesignFirst, healthy adults were recruited into the dose-finding study and randomly allocated to ingest sucrose solution concurrently with mulberry leaf powder at weights equivalent to 0 (control), 6, 12, and 18 mg of DNJ. Postprandial glucose and undesirable effects were evaluated. Second, obese persons with borderline diabetes were randomly assigned into the mulberry-leaves treatment group (12 mg of mulberry DNJ three times daily) and the control group in the 12-week prospective study. Blood glucose and insulin as well as adverse effects were determined.ResultsTwelve mg of mulberry DNJ was the minimum effective dose attenuating postprandial hyperglycemia. Mulberry leaves decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) by 3.86 ± 5.99 mg/dL (p = 0.002) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.11 ± 0.22 % (p = 0.011) when compared with the baseline levels. Improvement in glucose tolerance was not observed. Furthermore, mulberry leaves tended to ameliorate insulin resistance (p = 0.057). Adverse events of mulberry leaves commonly found in this study were gastrointestinal symptoms including bloating, flatulence, and loose stools.ConclusionMulberry leaves possessed favorable effects on glycemic profiles without serious side effects.     

Protective effects of beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves extract against oxidative stress in endothelial cells in vitro

Beetroot is an herb used worldwide as a food product, raw material for food industry, ethanol production and source of food coloring. Beet leaves are an unconventional food with antioxidant properties, which might neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein (LDL) present in dyslipidemias. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of beet leaves on the suppression of LDL oxidative processes. Beet leaves extract was produced, characterized, and tested for its antioxidant capacity using endothelial cells in vitro. A model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was used in various tests, including viability assay, molecular analysis of antioxidant genes, ROS labeling, and macrophage adhesion assay. The extract improved the antioxidative protection of endothelial cells against different agents including oxidized LDL‐cholesterol and H₂O₂. It acted on ROS directly due to its high content of natural antioxidants, but also due to the activation and improvement of cellular defenses such as Superoxide dismutase 1, Superoxide dismutase 2, and catalase. The inhibition of LDL‐mediated oxidative effects on endothelial cells may turn this unconventional food a functional food with great potential for phytotherapy of atherosclerosis as an adjuvant for medicinal treatments.     

一测多评法同时测定不同采收期杜仲叶中4种黄酮

目的建立一测多评法同时测定不同采收期杜仲叶中槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷的含有量。方法杜仲叶50%甲醇提取物的分析采用Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长360 nm。以槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷为内标,计算芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷的相对校正因子,计算其他3种成分的相对校正因子,再测定其含有量。结果槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷分别在5.37~161.00(r=0.999 9)、0.43~12.84(r=0.999 9)、1.58~47.33(r=0.999 8)、0.42~12.65(r=0.999 7)μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为97.27%、96.10%、95.30%、96.72%,RSD分别为1.90%、1.12%、1.07%、1.37%。一测多评法所得结果接近于外标法。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于杜仲叶的质量控制。     

刺五加叶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

刺五加叶作为传统药材已经被大量应用于现代化工研究、医药研究和日常饮食中,在古今中外均有着广泛的应用。已经被鉴定出的皂苷类、黄酮类、氨基酸、酚酸及有机酸类化合物等多种成分,表现出保护神经系统、镇静催眠、降糖降脂、抗氧化及抗炎等药理作用。本文对刺五加叶的化学成分及其药理作用研究进展予以归纳综述,以期能够为日后更进一步探索刺五加叶应用前景提供科学依据。     

膜荚黄芪叶中三萜皂苷类成分的分离与鉴定

目的：研究膜荚黄芪叶中的三萜皂苷类成分。方法：采用硅胶、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(ODS)等色谱方法对膜荚黄芪叶的化学成分进行分离,通过一维核磁共振氢谱(¹D-NMR)和²D-NMR法分析鉴定化合物。结果：从膜荚黄芪叶提取物中共分离出15个化合物,分别鉴定为黄芪叶苷B(1)、黄芪叶苷L(2)、cyclounifolioside D(3)、3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖基]-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-24-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-16-乙酰基-3β,6α,16β,24(S),25-五羟基环菠萝蜜烷(4)、黄芪叶苷K(5)、黄芪叶苷A(6)、astraverrucinⅠ(7)、cycloaraloside A(8)、黄芪叶苷D (9)、astralanosaponin D (10)、大豆皂醇E (11)、3β,21α,24-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯(12)、3β,22β,24,29-四羟基齐墩果-12-烯(13)、豌豆皂苷Ⅰ(14)、大豆皂醇B-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-...     

沙枣叶中总黄酮的含量测定方法研究

目的建立沙枣叶中总黄酮的超声提取及含量测定方法,为沙枣叶的开发利用提供依据。方法以正交实验优选超声提取沙枣叶中总黄酮的条件,分光光度法测定沙枣叶中总黄酮含量。结果沙枣叶中总黄酮最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,固液比(g/mL)=1∶40,提取2次,每次20 min。平均回收率为98.8%,RSD=1.34%。应用本文建立的方法测定了不同生长期沙枣叶中总黄酮含量。结论本法可作为沙枣叶中总黄酮提取及含量测定方法。     

植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗次生代谢产物的影响

目的:研究植物-土壤反馈对刺五加幼苗根、茎、叶次生代谢产物的影响。方法:通过温室盆栽试验,分别对未种植过刺五加的土壤(1组),连续3年种植刺五加的土壤(2组)和多年种植刺五加的土壤(3组),分别种植刺五加1年生幼苗,并对其根、茎、叶的次生代谢产物进行分析。结果:L-苯丙氨酸,原儿茶酸,刺五加苷B,绿原酸,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁,金丝桃苷,槲皮素在多年生长刺五加土壤种植,对刺五加幼苗叶和根均有显著性差异,但在茎中绿原酸和刺五加苷E无显著性差异。其中刺五加苷E,异嗪皮啶,芦丁和金丝桃苷在多年生刺五加土壤种植的幼苗叶中未检出。在刺五加幼苗的根中,多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈;在刺五加幼苗的茎中,咖啡酸,刺五加苷E,金丝桃苷,槲皮素呈现负反馈;在刺五加幼苗的叶中多数次生代谢产物呈现正反馈。结论:植物和土壤在刺五加幼苗生长过程不同部位呈现出不同的反馈情况,整体而言,未种植过刺五加的土壤对刺五加幼苗的次生代谢产物更具优势。研究结果为阐述植物-土壤反馈对刺五加的影响提供研究基础,并为人工栽培刺五加提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

Olea europea L. Leaves and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Petals Extracts: Herbal Mix from Cardiovascular Network Target to Gut Motility Dysfunction Application

It is well known that diet and nutrition play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of many disorders. On the other hand, nutrients or bioactive compounds can specifically target and control various aspects of the mechanism underlying the pathology itself, and, in this context, diseases related to intestinal motility disorders stand out. The Herbal Mix (HM) consisting of Olea europea L. leaf (OEE) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSE) extracts (13:2) has been proven to be a promising nutraceutical option for many diseases, but its potential in inflammatory-driven gastrointestinal disorders is still unexplored. In this study, HM effects on guinea-pig ileum and colon contractility (induced or spontaneous) and on human iNOS activity, as well as on human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells, were studied. Results showed that the HM can control the ileum and colon contractility without blocking the progression of the food bolus, can selectively inhibit iNOS and possesses a strong pro-apoptotic activity towards Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, the present results suggest that, in some diseases, such as those related to motility disorders, an appropriate nutritional approach can be accompanied by a correct use of nutraceuticals that could help not only in ameliorating the symptoms but also in preventing more severe, cancer-related conditions.     

响应曲面法优化银杏叶萜内酯的纤维素酶辅助提取工艺

采用响应曲面法对银杏叶中萜内酯的纤维素酶辅助提取工艺过程进行了研究。在单因素实验基础上根据中心组合实验设计原理,采用4因素5水平的响应曲面分析法对提取工艺进行了优化。通过响应曲面实验及回归分析得出最佳工艺条件为:纤维素酶浓度为20.00U.g-1GBL,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间2.5h,pH4.5,预测总萜内酯的提取率为0.40%。经验证,采用酶法辅助提取工艺时,总萜内酯提取率为0.40%,相对单一乙醇提取法(0.24%)提高了约66.67%。表明由响应曲面法获得的二次模型方程能较好地预测实验结果及优化条件。