医院制剂补肺胶囊提取工艺研究

目的:优选补肺胶囊的提取工艺条件。方法:运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定补骨脂素、异补骨脂素含量,流动相甲醇-水(55∶45),检测波长246 nm,流速1.0mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃。以补骨脂素、异补骨脂素含量总量为综合评分指标,采用L_9(3~4)正交试验设计考察加水量、提取时间、提取次数对补肺胶囊水提工艺的影响。结果:优选提取工艺条件为加8倍量水提取3次,每次1.5 h。结论:在优化条件下,工艺稳定可行,补骨脂素、异补骨脂素含量最高,可为补肺胶囊的质量控制及工业生产提供科学参考。     

影响体外鼠胚试验标准化的要素分析

不孕症已成为影响人类生殖健康的全球性问题,作为治疗不孕症的一种重要治疗手段,辅助生殖技术经过几十年的发展已经获得长足进步。辅助生殖技术用医疗器械产业快速发展,对此类产品进行风险管理,制定相应的安全性评价检测方法已势在必行。2016年行业标准YY/T 1434-2016《人类体外辅助生殖技术用医疗器械体外鼠胚试验》已经发布,本文就体外鼠胚试验中的关键节点和试验体系要素进行简要综述。     

Innovation in surgery: the rules of evidence

The intellectual infrastructures of evidence-based medicine (EBM) are the levels of evidence and the grades of recommendation for the following types of research articles: therapy/prevention, etiology/harm, prognosis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis/symptom prevalence study, economic analysis/decision analysis. The levels of evidence for therapy (1 to 5) progress from systematic reviews (with homogeneity) of randomized control trials (RCT) of high quality, level 1, to level 5-expert opinion without explicit critical appraisal, or based on physiology, bench research, or "first principles." The grades of recommendation (A, B, C, D) are founded on the quality of the evidence defined by its level. These grades are aimed at helping clinicians understand the source from whence came statements in, for example, guidelines. The development of surgical procedures and their introduction into practice has not depended upon the RCT but rather upon an enthusiast performing a case series, sometimes with clearly defined results. Should all operations and procedures be evaluated by an RCT? Clearly not, and the levels of evidence support this quite clearly with the "all or none" research category as level 1c. This relates to frequent clinical situations requiring a solution often immediate, eg, pus, a ruptured aneurysm, a sucking chest wound, that do not lend themselves to a trial, as the control regimen (doing nothing) would lead to death. Techniques evolve with experience usually based on an understanding of pathophysiology. At what point should an RCT enter into the resolution of surgical therapies? Can observational studies correctly designed and carried out do the job? Two new study classifications have been introduced: in level 1, category c "all or none" studies; and in level 2, category c "outcomes" research. In neither is there much definition. Are these the areas into which the evaluation of new surgical procedures and technology should be placed? The surgical community is faced with dramatic changes in technology and evolving techniques, and needs to define the rules of evidence applicable to their discipline with the same rigor that the EBM gurus have used, in order for surgeons to define evidence-based surgical practice.     

关节镜加微创锁定加压钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨子母钢板法治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法 2004年3月至2007年12月我院采用手术复位、自体骨移植植骨和子母钢板固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折45例,其中男34例,女11例;年龄19～59岁,平均37.5岁。其中,交通事故伤37例,高处坠落伤5例,其他3例。胫骨平台骨折Schatzker型32例、型13例。结果随访14～26个月,1例骨折不愈合,1例感染,膝关节功能Rasmussen评分,优36例,良3例,中3例,差3例。44例患者骨折愈合完全负重行走后患膝与健膝的胫骨平台后倾角、关节面塌陷程度、胫骨平台最大横经的X线片测量值比较无差异。结论子母钢板法治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折对关节周围软组织损伤小,可最大程度解剖复位关节并坚强内固定,利于早期进行关节功能锻炼,降低并发症,是治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折安全有效的方法。     

Neurosurgical robotics: a review of brain and spine applications

Neurosurgery has traditionally been at the forefront of advancing technologies, adapting new techniques and devices successfully in an effort to increase the safety and efficacy of brain and spine surgery. Among these adaptations are surgical robotics. This paper reviews some of the more promising systems in neurosurgical robotics, including brain and spine applications in use and in development. The purpose of the discussion is twofold—to discuss the most promising models for neurosurgical applications, and to discuss some of the pitfalls of robotic neurosurgery given the unique anatomy of the brain and spine.     

重症监测治疗技术对重症手足口病患儿病情及预后的影响

目的：将重症监测治疗技术应用于重症手足口病患儿的救治,以探讨对病情及预后的影响。方法：选择自2009年1月1日-2009年9月6日24时入住我院手足口病重症病房的重症手足口病患儿492例．分析：①发病年龄．性别。（2）最高体温、皮疹、严重表现及并发症等。（3）机械通气患儿的带机时间。机械通气并发症。（4）WBC、血糖、血乳酸、心肌酶、肝功酶．胸片及病原学检查等辅助检查结果。应用重症监测治疗技术及脏器功能支持等。结果：83．7％患儿年龄在3岁以下：100％患儿发热;100％患儿口腔或手、足、臀部有皮疹。神经系统并发症表现为精神差．易惊、肢体抖动,嗜睡;呼吸系统表现为呼吸急促、浅慢,节律不规则;循环系统表现为心率增快、减慢．血压增高或降低、皮肤花斑、四肢皮温低;辅助检查：部分病例出现血WBC、AST．ALT、CK-MB和血糖、血乳酸升高,咽拭子EV71-PCR阳性率36．6％．肛拭EV71-PCR阳性率41．9％。胸片表现为肺纹理增粗。渗出或无明显异常。机械通气患儿147例。492例患儿治愈489例．死亡3例,死亡率0．61％。无1例患儿有机械通气并发症及神经系统后遗症。结论：在本次手足口病救治中。应用重症监测治疗技术对重症患儿各个脏器系统进行监测治疗,可降低死亡率．减少并发症,避免神经系统并发症。     

玻璃化冷冻不同来源卵母细胞的临床研究

目的 探讨玻璃化冷冻对卵巢刺激（ovarian stimulation,OS）和控制性超促排卵（controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH）来源的卵母细胞影响.方法 对OS和COH来源的卵母细胞进行玻璃化冷冻,解冻后观察存活率,继续发育潜能及移植后的妊娠率并与COH来源的新鲜卵母细胞进行比较.结果 OS和COH来源的卵母细胞玻璃化冻融后的存活率和继续发育潜能无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,与新鲜卵母细胞差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.COH冷冻组和OS冷冻组的妊娠率和种植率分别是25.0%（3/12）、20.8%（5/24）和33.3%（1/3）、12.5%（1/8）.结论 玻璃化冷冻技术可以应用于OS和COH来源的成熟卵母细胞的冷冻保存,对其继续发育潜能和妊娠结局无显著影响.     

男性不育的辅助生殖技术处理:潜在风险与思考

辅助生殖技术是上世纪末出现的治疗男性不育的重要手段,它在男性不育的治疗中有着不可替代的作用,但有关男性不育的辅助生殖技术处理也存在潜在风险,在男性不育的诊疗中如何规避这些潜在风险值得男性生殖健康领域的工作者思考。本文对辅助生殖技术潜在风险进行总结,同时,为提高男性不育的治疗效果,尽量减少辅助生殖技术带来的风险,提出了包括患者的评估、健康教育以及治疗等男性不育规范化处理方面的一些建议,并强调病因处理和抗氧化治疗在男性不育治疗中的重要作用。     

超声稀释法在血液透析血管通路功能评价中的初步应用

目的：探讨超声稀释法在血液透析血管通路功能评估中的临床应用价值,并观察血管通路血流量与患者心输出量的相关性。方法：选择在我院血液净化中心透析龄为3～6月的维持性血液透析患者82例,病情稳定,已排除急性活动性疾病,均采用自体动静脉内瘘作为血管通路。使用Transonic HD02型血液透析监护仪对患者的血管通路进行检测,随访期为6个月,分别监测内瘘再循环率、内瘘通路血流量及心输出量等,并观察血管通路血流量与患者心输出量的相关性。结果：（1）观察0个月,内瘘血流量平均为（994.41±434.98）ml/min,心输出量平均为（6.38±3.14）L/min;随访6个月后复测相关指标,血液透析患者的血管通路血流量和心输出量均有所下降,内瘘血流量平均为（961.19±420.92）ml/min,心输出量平均为（6.12±4.17）L/min,但观察6个月与0个月比较,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;4例（4.88%）患者出现再循环,均大于5%。（2）观察0个月,血管通路狭窄的发生率为9.76%;观察6个月后,血管通路狭窄的发生率为26.83%,二者比较,血管通路狭窄的发生率有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。（3）血管通路血流量与心输出量呈正相关（P〈0.05）,提示患者低心输出量可能导致血管通路血流量的下降。结论：超声稀释法操作简便、非创伤侵入性、安全实用,适用于血液透析患者血管通路的功能评估,可以前瞻性监测血管通路血流动力学意义上的狭窄,具有临床应用价值。     

Correlation between Hydroxyapatite Crystallite Orientation and Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in Bovine Cortical Bone

The mineral component of bone is mainly composed of calcium phosphate, constituting 70% of total bone mass almost entirely in the form of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals. HAp crystals have a hexagonal system and uniaxial elastic anisotropy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HAp crystallite preference on macroscopic elasticity. Ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and the orientation of HAp crystallites in bovine cortical bone are discussed, considering microstructure, density, and bone mineral density (BMD). Eighty cube samples of cortical bone were made from two bovine femurs. The orientation of HAp crystallites was evaluated by integrated intensity ratio of (0002) peak using an X-ray diffractometer. Ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity was investigated with a conventional pulse system. The intensity ratio of HAp crystallites and velocity were measured in three orthogonal directions; most HAp crystallites aligned in the axial direction of the femurs. Our results demonstrate a linear correlation between velocity and intensity ratio in the axial direction. Significant correlation between velocity and BMD values was observed; however, the correlation disappeared if we focused on the identical type of microstructure. In conclusion, differences in microstructure type have an impact on density and BMD, which clearly affects the velocity. In addition, at the nanoscopic level, HAp crystallites aligned in the axial direction also affected the velocity and anisotropy.